Explore topic-wise InterviewSolutions in Current Affairs.

Managerial Functions of Human Resource Management:

1. Planning: Planning is deciding in advance what to do, how to do and who is to do it. 

2. Organising: It includes division of work among employees by assigning each employee their duties, delegation of authority required. 

3. Directing: It involves issue of orders and instructions along with guidance and motivation to get the best employees. 

4. Controlling: The control process includes fixing of standards, measuring actual performance, comparing actual with standard laid down, measuring deviations and taking corrective actions

The functions of human resource management may be classified as under:

I Managerial function – Planning, Organising, Directing, Controlling. 

II Operative function – Procurement, Development, Compensation, Retention, Integration, Maintenance.

1. Planning: Planning is deciding in advance what to do, how to do and who is to do it. It bridges the gap between where we are and where we want to go. 

2. Organising: It includes division of work among employees by assigning each employee their duties, delegation of authority as required. 

3. Procurement: Acquisition deals with job analysis, human resource planning, recruitment, selection, placement, transfer and promotion. 

4. Development: Development includes performance appraisal, training, executive development, career planning and development, organisational development. 

5. Compensation: It deals with job evaluation, wage and salary administration, incentives, bonus, fringe benefits and social security schemes.

1. Human resource created all other resources. 

2. Human resources can be motivated either financially or non-financially. 

3. Human resources are movable. 

4. Human resource alone can think, act, analyze and interpret.

5. Human resource exhibits innovation and creativity. 

6. Human resource can work as a team. 

7. Over years human resources gains value and appreciates

The vital resource namely human resource is significant because of the following reasons:

1. It is only through human resource all other resources are effectively used. 

2. The sustainable growth of an organisation depends on the important resource human resource. 

3. Industrial relations depend on human resource. 

4. Human relations is possible only through human resource. 

5. Human resource manages all other factors of production.

(d) thinking on life related ideas

(c) enrichment

Disease can be defined as a disorder or malfunction of the mind or body. It involves morphological, physiological and psychological disturbances which may be due to environmental factors or pathogens or genetic anomalies or life style changes.

Helminthes are mostly endoparasitic in the gut and blood of human beings and cause diseases called helminthiasis. The two most prevalent helminthic diseases are Ascariasis and Filariasis. Ascaris is a monogenic parasite and exhibits sexual dimorphism. Ascariasis is a disease caused by the intestinal endoparasite Ascaris lumbricoides commonly called the round worms. It is transmitted through ingestion of embryonated eggs through contaminated food and water.

Children playing in contaminated soils are also prone to have a chance of transfer of eggs from hand to mouth. The symptoms of the disease are abdominal pain, vomiting, headache, anaemia, irritability and diarrhoea. A heavy infection can cause nutritional deficiency and – severe abdominal pain and causes stunted growth in children. It may also cause enteritis, hepatitis and bronchitis.

Filariasis is caused by Wuchereria bancrofti, commonly called filarial worm. It is found in the lymph vessels and lymph nodes of man. Wuchereria bancrofti is sexually dimorphic, viviparous and digenic. The life cycle is completed in two hosts, man and the female Culex mosquitoe. The female filarial worm gives rise to juveniles called microfilariae larvae. In the lymph glands, the juveniles develop into adults. The accumulation of the worms block the lymphatic system resulting in inflammation of the lymph nodes. In some cases, the obstruction of lymph vessels causes elephantiasis or filariasis of the limbs, scrotum and mammary glands.

1. Fungal disease : Candidiasis, Athlete’s foot 

2. Helminthic disease : Ascariasis, Filariasis

(c) bacteria and protozoan

Incubation period of malaria is about 12 days.

Anti-helminthic drugs like Piperazine, Mebendazole, Levamisole, Pyrantel are used against Ascaris lumbricoidies.

P. falciparum is the malignant form of malaria.

1. After infection by Ascaris lumbricoides, there is appearance of eggs in stools in 60 – 70 days. 

2. In larval ascariasis, symptoms are seen in 4-16 days after infection. 

3. The final symptoms are gastrointestinal discomfort, colic and vomiting, fever and appearance of live worms in faeces. 

4. Some patients may have pulmonary symptoms. Inflammation of alveolar walls is seen. This is known as pneumonitis. 

5. Some may show neurological disorders during migration of the larvae. 

6. Loss of appetite which reflects in weight loss. 

7. A bolus of worms may obstruct the intestine. 

8. Larvae that migrate may also cause eosinophilia, i.e. increase in number of eosinophils.

(d) Malaria – female Anopheles mosquito

The components of food are complex substances such as carbohydrates, proteins, fats etc., These complex substances cannot be utilized directly, so they are broken down into simpler substances. The break down of complex components of food into simpler substances is called digestion.

Animal Nutrition includes nutrient requirement, mode of intake of food and its utlization in the body.

Prevention of amoebiasis is to be done at two levels, viz. at home and at endemic level.

1. Prevention of the spread of amoebiasis at the home level:

• Washing hands with soap and water after using the toilet or changing a baby’s diaper and before handling and eating food. 
• Cleaning bathrooms and toilets properly with germicides. 
• Avoiding raw vegetables when in endemic areas where they are grown in soil fertilized by human faeces. 
• Boiling and purifying the drinking water.

2. Prevention of the spread of amoebiasis at endemic level:

• Avoiding consumption of street foods especially in public places. 
• Following good sanitary practice, as well as using proper sewage disposal or treatment.
• E. histolytica cysts are usually resistant to chlorination; therefore sedimentation and filtration of water supplies are necessary to reduce the incidence of infection. 
• Avoiding shared towels or face washers.

Amoebiasis shows following common symptoms:

1. Diarrhoea, flatulence, stool with mucus and abdominal pains (cramps) are common. 

2. Stool sticky with mucus and blood. 

3. Amoebae form cysts in the liver, in such case there is hepatomegaly, i.e. enlargement of liver. 

4. Liver shows amoebic liver abscess accompanied with fever and pain in right side of the abdomen.

Raw leafy vegetables and grass are rich in cellulose, a type of carbohydrate. Many animals, including humans, cannot digest cellulose, because they do not have enzymes and certain type of bacteria which can digest cellulose. We cannot survive by taking vegetables in raw form. That’s why we boil or cook vegetables which breaks down cellulose into simple carbohydrates which helps to digest easily.

Due to export duty cost of product increases which leads to a decrease in demand.

Correct answer is (a) (A) (C) (D)

Correct answer is (d) Boiling

Correct answer is (d) cerebrum

(1) Trophozoite, pre-cystic form, cyst, binucleate cyst, quadrinucleate cyst, Metacycstic amoeba, amoebulae are the different stage of Entamoeba histolytica that are seen in the above diagram.

(2) These stages are passed in the lumen of intestine of the host human being.

(3) Encysted Entamoeba pass out with the faecal matter of the host.

Correct answer is (c) amoebic colitis

1. Amoebiosis is spread through ingestion of the cyst form of Entamoeba histolytica. This is a commensal organism. 

2. Cyst is a semi-dormant and hardy structure found in faeces of infected person. 

3. Non-encysted amoebae are called trophozoites. The trophozoites die quickly after leaving the body but may also be present in faeces. 

4. Trophozoites are rarely the source of new infections. 

5. The infection may remain asymptomatic for many days as Amoeba can remain latent in the gastrointestinal tract.

Correct answer is (b) fourth ventricle

Correct answer is (b) erythrocytes, mucosa and submucosa of colon

(i) 14 is raised to the power of 9.

(ii) 12¹⁷

(iii) We know a⁰ = 1

So, (14 × 21)⁰ = 1

The distance from the Sun to Earth 

= 149,600,000,000 m 

= 1.496 × 100000000000 m 

= 1.496 × 10¹¹m

7465 = 7.465 × 1000 

(Decimal is shifted three places to the left) 

= 7.465 × 10³

The height of Mount Everest 

= 8848 m 

= 8.848 × 1000 m 

(Decimal is shifted three places to the left) 

= 8.848 × 10³m

The poet says that first he listened to her song standing.still and motionless. But as he mounted up the hill of Scotland, the tune of the song was so sweet that it struck the heart of the poet. He was so impressed that he carried, the melody of the song with him long after the song was ended by the girl.

Actually, the poet, being a poet of nature, was profoundly impressed by his natural scene. He remembered this song for its natural melodious effect.

Correct option is B) velocity

Poet does not understand the alien language of the song. He says, will no one tell him the meaning of the song of the girl. He says that perhaps the girl is singing some sad song of the past he guesses that the girl is singing some unhappy song or singing about events that have taken in the past. Maybe she is singing for the lover who has jilted her. The poet did not know the theme of the song-whatever may be the theme of the song the poet wishes the song of the young girl would not come to an end.

C) mass in motion

The five Words are resonant, sonorous, chant, notes, plaintive, theme, numbers, strain.

breaks the silence of the seas. Among the farthest Hebrides.

We know that; P(A ∪ B) = P(A) + P(B) – P(A ∩ B) 

1/4 = 3/4 + 1/2 – P(A ∩ B)

P(A ∩ B) = 3/4 + 1/2 – 1/4

∴ P(A∩B) = 1/2 = 0.5

P(A∪B) = P(A) + P(B)- P(A∩B)

1/3 = 1/6 + P(B) – 1/12; 1/3 – 1/6 + 1/12 = P(B)

∴ P(B) = 0.25

Measurement of chances is called ‘Probability’.

The silence of the seas means, a sea that is really calm and peaceful with only calm waves moving, and there are no ships and boats moving about. The sea is poetically ‘silent’ because no storms, gales are blowing to disturb the peace of the sea.

An experiment in which the outcomes of that experiment cannot be predictable, is called Random experiment. Eg., tossing a coin, throwing a die.

P(A∪B) = P(A) + P(B) – P(A∩B)

1/10= 1/8+ 1/16 – P(A∩B)

P(A∩B)= 1/8 + 1/16 – 1/10 

= 0.0875

Obviously birds are not found in deserts, but when the tired travellers reaches any oasis these the birds are found singing.

Here n= 6 and m = 2 ; 

∴ P(A) = m/n = 2/6 = 0.33.

The song of the Nightingales welcome the travellers in the deserts of Arabia.

Conducting an experiment is called Trial, and getting an outcome is an Event. 

Eg. Tossing a coin is a trial and getting outcome Head Or Tail are Events.

The set of all possible outcomes of a random experiment. 

Denoted by S 

S = {H,T}, S = {1,2,3,4,5,6}