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बाँकीपुर स्टेशन पर शेखर ने बालक के अंग्रेजी प्रश्नों के उत्तर न देकर चुप्पी-सी साध ली थी। इससे पिता को क्रोध के साथ दुःख भी हुआ था। घर आकर उन्होंने शेखर की मां से कहा, हमारे – लड़के बुझू हैं। किसीके सामने उनका मुंह ही नहीं खुलता।

अंग्रेजी जैसी विदेशी भाषा को माँ कहना शेखर को स्वीकार न था।

शेखर असहयोग और स्वदेशी आंदोलनों से अत्यंत प्रभावित था। उसे विदेशी मात्र से घृणा हो गई थी। अंग्रेजी भाषा से भी वह बेहद नफरत करने लगा था। परिवार के नियंत्रण के कारण वह सक्रिय रूप से किसी आंदोलन में भाग नहीं ले सकता था। ऐसी स्थिति में उसने नाटक लिखना आरंभ किया।

शेखर को गांधीजी के प्रति अपनी अपार श्रद्धा व्यक्त करनी थी। साथ ही उसे अपने हिन्दी-ज्ञान को भी प्रभावित करना था। इसलिए अपनी भावनाओं को प्रकट करने के लिए शेखर ने नाटक लिखना आरंभ किया।

शेखर के नाटक के अंतिम दृश्य में स्वाधीन और बाधाहीन भारत दिखाया गया था।

शेखर अंग्रेजी बालक के प्रश्नों के उत्तर में एकदम चुप रहा था। पिता इस बारे में शेखर से उसके चुप रहने का कारण जानना 8 चाहते थे। किंतु तभी ट्रेन आ गई और शेखर उत्तर देने से बच गया।

D. असहयोग की लहर में

शेखर असहयोग आंदोलन की लहर में बह गया।

C. उसे घर से अनुमति नहीं थी।

अंग्रेजी बालक के स्वर में अहंकार था। वह अपने अंग्रेजीजान का परिचय देना चाहता था। शेखर को उसका प्रश्न बुरा और अपमानजनक भी लगा। इसलिए उसने अंग्रेजी बालक के प्रश्न का उत्तर नहीं दिया।

1. क्रान्तिकारी

2. ईसाई

3. विदेशी

4. असहयोग

5. बोलबाला

शेखर ने देखा कि यदि मातृभाषा वह है जो हम सबसे पहले सीखते हैं, तब तो अंग्रेजी ही उसकी मातृभाषा है। उसके घर में अंग्रेजी ही बोली जाती थी। वह भी बचपन से अंग्रेजी बोलता था। इसलिए शेखर को अंग्रेजी मातृभाषा जैसी लगने लगी थी।

शेखर ने अंग्रेजी बालक के प्रश्न का उत्तर नहीं दिया, क्योंकि उसे वह बुरा और अपमानजनक लगा।

Adaptation is the quality of the organism (morphological, physiological, behavioural) that enables the organism to survive and reproduce in its habitat. It adapts organisms to live in different types of habitats.

Adaptation of plant and animal in desert:

Adaptations of desert plants are as follows:

i. Desert plants have cuticles to minimise transpiration. 

ii. In some desert plants, leaves are modified into spines to minimise loss of water. 

iii. They have long roots and adaptations to reduce transpiration, e.g., Acacia.

Adaptations of desert animals are as follows:

i. Desert animals have concentrated their urine for minimum loss of water, e.g., Kangaroo rat. 

ii. Desert animals absorb heat from the sun, when the body temperature drops below the comfort zone. 

iii. They live in burrows during hot season and have little water requirement, e.g., camel.

The correct answer is B) Recyclers

The correct answer is A) Producers

The process involved in the production of nematode-resistant plants is RNA interference or RNAi. Using Agrobacterium vectors, nematode-specific genes were introduced into the host plant. The introduction of DNA was such that it produced both sense and antisense RNA in the host cells. These two RNA’s being complementary to each other formed a double stranded RNA (dsRNA) that initiated RNAi and thus, silenced the specific mRNA of the nematode. The consequence was that the parasite could not survive in a transgenic host expressing specific interfering RNA. The transgenic plant, therefore, got itself protected from the parasite.

Using Agrobacterium vectors, nematode specific genes are introduced into host plant. The introduction of DNA produced both sense and anti sense RNA in host cells. These two RNA’s being complementary formed a double stranded RNA (dsRNA) that initiated RNAi and silenced the specific mRNA of the nematode. As a result, the parasite could not survive in the transgenic host expressing specific interfering RNA.

RNA interference takes place in all eukaryotic organisms as a method of cellular defence. It involves silencing of a specific mRNA due to complementary dsRNA molecule that binds to and prevents translation of the mRNA.

Gene expression can be controlled by using RNA molecule and this technology is called RNA interference or RNAi. It is used to block the expression of certain genes and also referred to as gene silencing. During this process a complementary RNA to the mRNA being produced by the gene is introduced into the cell. This RNA binds to the mRNA making it double stranded and therefore stops translation. Resistance to nematode Meloidegyne incognita in tomato has been achieved by this method.

The hormone whose deficiency causes diabetes insipidus is Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) or vasopressin.

Cretinism, Myxoedema.

• During Mendeleev’s time, only 63 elements were known. 
• Mendeleev examined the correlation between chemical properties and Atomic manes of elements.
•  For this, he concentrated on compounds which were formed by the elements with hydrogen and oxygen. 
• He selected hydrogen and oxygen, because these elements make compound with most of the other elements.
• Mendeleev made 63 cards and wrote the name of an element on each card along with the chemical properties of a particular element. 
• Then, he pinned those cards on a wall. He could observe that most of the elements could be arranged in periodic table in increasing order of their atomic masses. 

That is how Mendeleev arrived at “Periodic law”. Mendeleev’s Periodic Law states that properties of elements are periodic function of their atomic masses.

Correct option  (B)  aldehydes

(iii) I₂ and NaOH solution

(ii) positional isomers

(iv) Prop-1-en-2-ol, tautomerism

(iii) Fehling’s solution

Cannizaro’s reaction is not given by CH₃CHO.

(ii) Phenol and benzoyl chloride in the presence of pyridine

Because the formyl chloride thus formed is unstable at room temperature. 

Cannot be prepared by Rosenmund reduction. 

(iii) Ethanol < Phenol < Acetic acid < Chloroacetic acid

They are stored in coloured bottles. In presence of sunlight they react with oxygen to form peroxides which may cause explosion. 

HCOOH < CH₂ClCOOH < CCl₃COOH < CF₃COOH

Carboxylic acid forms a dimer due to double H-bonding. So it has higher boiling point than alcohols.

It is because aldehydes get further oxidised to acids, oxidation of alcohals to aldehydes needs to be controlled. 

Alcohals have lower boiling point as they are not associated with intermolecular whereas alcohals are associated with intermoleculer H-bonding Aldehydes have lower B.p. 

Acid anhydrides are bigger in size than corresponding acid. These have more surface area so have strong van der Waals Force of attractions. Hence they have higher boiling point.

They fit into crystal lattice more readily than odd ones that is why they have higher lattice energy and higher melting point. 

C) B.P. Jeevan Reddy

Evolutionary relationships can be traced by studying fossils, by studying homologous and analogous organs, by comparing the embryos of different animals and by comparing the DNA’s of different species.

1. The planets are much closer to the earth, and are thus seen as extended sources. 

2. We can consider a planet as a collection of a large number of point-sized sources of light. 

3. The total variation in the amount of light entering our eye from all the individual point-sized sources will average out to zero, thereby nullifying twinkling effect

(c) upset stomach

Correct option: (C) Pteridophyte: Pinus

Pinus is a Gymnosperm.

i) When the egg is first put in hydrochloric acid for some time, the egg cell which is made up of calcium carbonates, reacts with the acid and dissolves. 

ii) When the same de-shelled egg is placed in a concentrated salt solution, the egg will shrink because of osmosis. Since, the concentrated salt solution is hypertonic, water will flow from inside the egg (lower salt concentration) to the outside (higher salt concentration). This will make the egg shrink.

a) When raisins are placed in water at room temperature, the raisins will swell up as the water enters the cells of the raisins. This happens due to osmosis. The concentration of water is higher on the outside than on the inside of the raisins. 

b) When raisins are places in water at 4°C, they will swell up as the water enters the cells due to osmosis. But, due to the low temperature, the rate at which water enters the raisins is slower than that at room temperature. 

c) When raisins are placed in a concentrated sugar solution, the raisins will wilt and shrink. This is due to osmosis or exosmosis, wherein the water moves from the inside of the cell (less concentrated) to the outside which is more concentrated with sugar.

The following structures can be found in: 

A. Chromoplast: In the Plant cell cytoplasm. 

B. Nucleoid: In a Prokaryotic cell. 

C. Cell wall: In a plant cell, surrounding the cell membrane. 

D. Golgi apparatus: In a Eukaryotic cell, close to the endoplasmic reticulum. 

E. Centrioles: In an animal cell. 

F. Dictyosomes: In the plant cell.

1. Sneezing occurs when we inhale air with dust, smoke, pollen or strong smells. 

2. Sneezing expels the unwanted, harmful substances from the lungs.

Cytokinin are the hormones which promote cell division.

Highest concentration of cytokinin is found in the areas of rapid cell division like fruits and seeds.

Abscisic acid is the growth inhibitor hormone that is it stops the growth of the plant. Because of this hormone wilting of leaves is seen.