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Incisor helps to bite and cut the food

Absorption of glucose and salt are examples of Active Transport

Osmosis: absorption of water Facilitated diffusion absorption of amino acid.

The process of digestion is completed through many complex actions. It requires 4 to 5 hours. Hence it is necessary to arrange the intake of food accordingly keeping an interval of four hours between the intake.

Osmosis is the movement of water molecules from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration across a semi-permeable mebrane. This process continues till the concentration becomes equal. It can be stated that in small intestine and large intestine water molecules move from a region of higher concentration to a region on lower concentration.

Bacteria residing in the large intestine produced Vitamin K

• Importance of roughage for a healthy digestive system. 
• Health issues created by junk food and fast food. 
• Harmful chemical substances added to food to enhance its taste and color.

Disaccharidases like Maltose converts maltose to glucose, Lactase converts lactose to glucose and galactose and sucrase converts sucrose to glucose and fructose.

Absorption of fatty acids and glycerol into lacteals is the example of Diffusion

Carbohydrate, Protein, Fat, Minerals, vitamins & water.

a) False 

b) True

Lactase converts lactose to glucose & galactose.

Correct answer is a) Secreted in liver

The small intestine of humans is about 5 to 6 meters long.

Yes. Diffusion is the movement of molecules from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration. By diffusion, molecules move across the cell through the cell membrane. This process continues till the concentration becomes equal in both sides of the membrane. So this process does not require any energy.

Villi are covered with Single-layer of cells

Following are the causes of diminished soil fertility.

1. Soil pH less than 6 or higher than 8. 

2. Low proportion of organic matter. 

3. No proper drainage of water. 

4. Repeated cultivation of the same crop. 

5. Continuous use of saline water. 

6. Excessive use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides.

Following are some useful types of soil.

1. China clay (Kaolin): (a) It is white in colour, (b) It is used to make crockery, bathroom tiles, tanks, laboratory apparatus, masks, jars etc. 

2. Shadu soil: (a) It is whitish in colour, (b) It is used for making statues and idols. 

3. Terracotta soil: (a) This soil is red in colour, (b) Decorative articles and pots used for growing plants are made from this soil. 

4. Multani soil: This soil is used in cosmetics.

1. Sandy soil has large sized particles. It has weak structure due to less organic matter and large spaces between them. 

2. The water also drains quickly through it making it dry and allows the plough to penetrate through it.

i. False. 

Terracotta soil is red in colour

ii. True

iii. False. 

Shadu soil is used to make statues and idols

iv. True

v. True

The silt soil is suitable for cultivation.

1. The particles of silt soil is of medium size. 

2. Silt soil is much more ploughable than clayey soil. 

3. It contains large proportions of organic material. 

4. This helps the soil in retention of water for a proper amount of time and makes it suitable for crops to grow.

Correct Answer is: (A) Ethyl amine 

CH₃CH₂NH₂ is known as Ethyl amine

Silt occurs as a deposit in riverbeds. The size of silt particles is between those of sand and clay. This soil also has humus in it which makes it the best soil to hold the right amount of water.

Electronic configuration of fluorine is 1s² 2s² 2p_x² 2p_y² 2p_z². It has only one orbital half filled and no d-orbital. The orbital cannot be on paired being highly electronegative. It shows only -1 oxidation state as it saturates its valences shell by accepting one electron.

In all other halogen d-orbital are present and ns and p-orbital can be unpaired and the electrons are accommodated in d-orbitals, i.e., showing +3, +5 and +7 oxidation states.

The Correct option is A. Al

Correct Answer is: A. 2s²2p⁴ 

The electrons of an atom are arranged in a particular arrangement in different electronic orbital’s.

And every atom has a particular arrangement of electron in these electronic orbital’s which is also known as the electronic configuration.

To write down the electronic configuration of an atom, we have to know the total number of electrons of that atom.

Total number of electrons in normal oxygen atom is = 8.

So its electronic configuration will be,

1s² 2s² 2p⁴ 

Correct Answer is: C. 2 

Valency of magnesium is 2+ and also its electronic configuration is 2, 8, 2

Correct Answer is: A. Al 

Aluminum is the most abundant metal in the Earth's crust, and the third most abundant element therein, after oxygen and silicon. It makes up about 8% by weight of the Earth's solid surface. Earth's crust occupies less than 1% of Earth's volume.

Food preservatives:- Food preservatives are chemicals which protect food from atmospheric bacteria and fungus. Sodium benzoate is used as food preservation.

The Correct option is D. Benzene

Cu₂[Fe(CN)₆]

n = 3,l = 0,    \(\therefore\) Orbital is 3s

m_l = 0, Means only one electron is present in 3s

m_s = -\(\frac{1}{2}\) 

\(\therefore\) Electronic configuration of atom is –

1s² , 2s²2p⁶ , 3s¹

\(\therefore\) The atom is sodium (Na)

The d_xy orbital is exactly same as d_x2-y2 orbital and only difference is that its lobes are at an angle of 45° to the lobes of d_x2-y2 Orbital.

सही विकल्प है (अ) बैंक ओवरड्राफ्ट

Correct option is (A) Pulkeshi I

Correct option is (B) Vatapi

Correct option is: (b) China

Correct option is: (a) Prabhakar Vardhan

Wrong Pair : First Indian Satellite – Rohini – 75

Wrong Pair : Second Nuclear test – June 1998

(i) In 1990, the missile Akash was developed to fire from land into air. 

(ii) This missile has a capacity to carry 720 kilogram explosives at supersonic speed and a range of 30 kilometres. 

(iii) The missile ‘Nag’ was made in order to destroy the tanks of the enemy. 

(iv) It is of the ‘fire and forget’ type. India has militarily become secure due to the production of missiles.

Correct option is (a) Soviet Union

(i) In 1956, the Oil and Natural Gas Commission was established to search for the deposits of mineral oil and natural gas and to increase their production. 

(ii) After Digboi in Assam, mineral oil deposits were found in Ankleshwar area in Gujarat. Later, mineral oil and natural gas deposits were found in the gulf of Khambhat in Gujarat.

(iii) In 1974, the Oil and Natural Gas Commission started digging an oil well in ‘Bombay High’ area with the help of Russian scientists by a drillship called ‘Sagar Samrat’. 

(iv) From 1975, mineral oil and natural gas began to be extracted from there. 

(v) Later, more than 8500 oil wells and 33 natural gas wells dug eventually in this area began to contribute 38% of the total mineral oil production in the country and met 14% of the country’s demand for crude oil.

(i) From 15 August 1972, the Post and Telegraph Department started the six digit pincode system in the country. 

(ii) The Postal Index Code was intended to bring efficiency in distributing the mail. In this system, the country was divided into nine regions. 

(iii) The first digit of the Pincode indicates the region, the second digit indicates the Sub¬region, the third digit shows the main disbursement district, while the remaining three digits show the location of the local post office.

(iv) For Maharashtra, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44 are the first two digits. In 1986, the speed post service was started to send postage rapidly.

Correct option is (a) Prithvi -1

(i) India launched remote sensing experimental satellite Bhaskar-1 from the Soviet Union in 1979 in order to observe various things on the surface of the Earth by remote sensing technology. 

(ii) This remote sensing technology would be useful for India’s development by regarding water bodies, mineral deposits and forecasting weather. 

(iii) The photographs taken with the help of this technology about the bowels of the Earth, environment and forests were important.

(iv) Another area in which the information from this satellite was useful was Oceanography

(i) In 1972, Overseas Communication Service was established in Mumbai for the Management of International Telecommunication Service. 

(ii) In 1976, the International Subscriber Dialled Telephone Service started to connect Mumbai and London directly on the phone.

(iii) Alongside the telephone service, services like telex, teleprinter and radio images started. In 1986, Videsh Sanchar Nigam Limited (VSNL) took a big leap in this field. Before that, Mahanagar Telephone Nigam Limited (MTNL) was a public sector company for giving telephone service in big cities. 

(iv) In the 1990s, Videsh Sanchar Nigam Limited held the distinction of being the main internet service provider in India. The contribution of Sam Pitroda in this field is significant.

(i) Bhaskar-1: India launched remote sensing experimental satellite Bhaskar-1 from the Soviet Union in 1979 in order to observe various things on the surface of the Earth by remote sensing technology. This remote sensing technology would be useful for India’s development by regarding water bodies, mineral deposits and forecasting weather. The photographs taken with the help of this technology about the bowels of the Earth, environment and forests were important. Another area in which the information from this satellite was useful was Oceanography. In 1981, ‘Bhaskar-2’ was launched from Soviet Union.

(ii) (if APPLE (Ariane Passenger Payload Experiment): The first completely indigenously built satellite by ISRO in India, APPLE was launched on 19th June, 1981 from the French Guiana. ‘APPLE’ was beneficial in the field of education. The objective of providing emergency telecommunication services was successful. 

(iii) Indian National Satellite (INSAT): In August 1983, the satellite INSAT 1-B was launched in space. Because of this satellite, a major revolution came about in the areas of telecommunication, television, radio, weather forecasting and space research in India. Due to INSAT, 207 Akashwani or Radio stations could be connected to each other. This mechanism was also useful for search and rescue of people caught in some disaster like a shipwreck or an air plane crash, for forecasting weather, to look for and follow cyclones or storms, in the fields of telemedicine and educational institutions. The telemedicine service enabled the population from remote areas to get advice and treatment from expert doctors. Public Primary Health Centers in villages have been connected with super speciality hospitals through INSAT. 

(iv) Satellite Communication Centre: In order to establish satellite communication with the help of an artificial satellite, a domestic satellite communication Earth station was established in 1967, at Jodhpur Tekra near Ahmedabad. This made it easy to train scientists and technicians in setting up and running an Earth Station within the country. In 1970, a centre was established at Aarvi near Pune, equipped for international telecommunication service. The technology adopted by railways has a big role in the history of modern India.

(i) In India’s first Prime Minister Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru wanted to nurture a scientific temper and bring about the nation’s progress. From this perspective, he set up the Indian Atomic Energy Commission on 10th August 1948. Dr. Homi Bhabha was appointed as the first Chairman of the Commission. The objectives of the commission were to produce electricity from atomic energy, increase the yield of food grains and make them last longer, set up the technology for achieving this and develop nanotechnology. In 1956, the Department of Atomic Energy set up ‘Apsara’, a nuclear reactor functioning on atomic energy. 

(ii) In 1969, an atomic power station was set up at Tarapur. A Reactor Research Centre was set up at Kalpakkam in Tamil Nadu to successfully use Thorium for generating atomic power. The role of reactors is important in developing atomic power.

(iii) Factories manufacturing the heavy water needed for the generation of atomic power were set up at Vadodara, Talcher, Tutikorin, Kota, etc. An institution called Heavy Water Projects was set up to carry out research on manufacturing heavy water within the country. It was later renamed ‘Heavy Water Board’.

(i) In 1961, Indian National Committee for Space Research (NCSR) launched India’s first research rocket from Thumba Equatorial Launch Centre in Thumba in the State of Kerala. 

(ii) In 1969, our indigenously built rocket Rohini-75 was successfully launched. 

(iii) The next stage was the successful launch of the first Indian satellite Aryabhatta in 1975 with help from the Soviet Union. 

(iv) This success proved that Indian scientists can indigenously build and launch a satellite. Indian scientists were confident that they could acquire the technology for sending a message from the Earth Station and to assess the working of the satellite.