Explore topic-wise InterviewSolutions in Current Affairs.

Correct option is (b) Goods of ₹ 8,000 purchased from ‘B’

McMahon line is the official boundary line between India and China.

The partition of the country along communal lines changed the mindset of the nationalist leaders. They wanted to prevent further divisions in the country on sectarian lines.

The McMahon line is not a natural boundary. The boundary was artificially drawn by the British India Government as a border between India and Tibet.

It was because the US bloc claimed to be pro-democracy and promoted capitalism.

The answer is (C) Reserved

The two essential characteristics of a Unitary Constitution are: 

1. the supremacy of the Central Polity [the word polity means a system of government or political organization] and 

2. the absence of subsidiary sovereign polities.

Our Constitution reaffirms that India is a unitary and a federal state. The following principles represent the unitary and federal characters.

 Unitary Principles : 

1. Single citizenship, 
2. The supremacy of the Constitution, 
3. Residual powers to central governments, 
4.  Single Judiciary, 
5. Uniformity of fundamental rights, 
6. Provision for All India Services. 

Federal Principles : 

1.  Dual Polity, 
2. Sovereign Powers to States, 
3. State Services.

The two essential characteristics of the Unitary Constitution are 

1. A single Judiciary 

2. Uniformity in civil and criminal laws. 

3. All India Civil Services.

A Constitution has a double purpose: 

1. Outlining the role and rights of citizens and the structure and powers of the government and its organs like executive, legislature, judiciary, etc.

2. Indicating the nature of future society which has to be built by the joint efforts of the state and the society.

In 1959, the first elections were held in Nepal under a new constitution issued by King Mahendra.

General elections were held in Nepal from 18 February to 3 April 1959 to elect the 109 members of the first House of Representatives, the lower house of the Parliament of Nepal. They were held under the provisions of the 1959 constitution, which had been adopted on 12 February.

Constitutional provisions that facilitate social change: 

1. Abolition of untouchability. 

2. Reservations in education, employment and legislature. 

3. Protection to the minority community.

4. Directive principles of state policy. 

5. Fundamental rights are enforceable by the country subject to specific restrictions. 

6. Liberty, equality and Justice.

IAS: Indian Administrative Service 

IPS: Indian Police Service.

IAS – Indian Administrative Service

IAS – Indian Administrative Service

The Indian Administrative Service (IAS) is the administrative arm of the All India Services and an All India Civil Service.

IAS is one of the three arms of the All India Services along with the Indian Police Service (IPS) and the Indian Forest Service (IFoS).

Members of the Indian Administrative Service (IAS) serve state governments as well as the Government of India.

The duties of an IAS officer are Public Policy Implementation, Public Administration, Public Policy Formulation, Secretarial Assistance, Bureaucratic Governance.

IAS officers represent India at the international level in multilateral and bilateral negotiations.

IAS officers are also given opportunities to work in intergovernmental organizations like the United Nations (U.N), International Monetary Fund (IMF), World Bank etc.

As per mandate given by the Election Commission of India, IAS officers also conduct elections in India.

IPS – Indian police service

Indian Police Service (IPS)

IPS is one of the All India Services.

IPS officers are employed in states and with the Union Government.

IPS officers get opportunity to serve in diverse organizations like Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI), National Investigative Agency (NIA), Research & Analysis Wing (R&AW), Intelligence Bureau (I.B), National Disaster Response Force (NDRF), National Security Guard (NSG) etc.

The IPS cadre is controlled by the Ministry of Home Affairs.

The duties of an IPS officer are Law enforcement, disaster relief, counter terrorism, crime prevention and criminal investigation, internal and external intelligence, maintaining public order, VIP protection, counter terrorism

Dr. B.R. Ambedkar presented the draft of the Constitution before the C.A in 1948.

Federal Constitution is marked: 

1. by the existence of a Central polity and subsidiary polities side by side, and 

2. by each being sovereign in the field assigned to it. In other words, the Federation means the establishment of a Dual Polity [dual system of government central and state].

“The proposed Indian Constitution is a dual polity with a single citizenship. There is only one citizenship for the whole of India. It is Indian citizenship. There is no State citizenship. Every Indian has the same rights of citizenship, no matter in what State he resides….”

The Draft Constitution is Federal Constitution in as much as it establishes what may be called a Dual Polity. This Dual Polity under the proposed Constitution will consist of the Union at the Centre and the States at the periphery each endowed with sovereign powers to be exercised in the field assigned to them respectively by the Constitution.

1. More constitutional amendments were made during 1971-80 and 1981-90.

2. The Constitutional amendments during 1951-60 were less because

1.  Initial period of the Constitution implementation. 
2.  More problems were not arised.

Abolition of untouchability and Reservations.

The Indian Constitution has 8 basic principles. 

Sovereignty: 

• India is a Sovereign Democratic Republic. 
• The Indian people has sovereign (or) supreme power. 

Fundamental Rights: 

• Indian Constitution provide basic fundamental rights to all citizens without discrimination. 

Directive Principles: 

• These are guidelines to frame laws. These are not enforceable by the courts. 

Cabinet Government (or) Parliamentary Type of Government:

• A Council of Ministers with the Prime Minister as the head to aid and advise the President who shall, in the exercise of his functions, act in accordance with such advice.

Secularism: 

• Secularism is the basic structure of Indian Constitution. The government respects all religions. It does not uplift or degrade any particular religion. 

Socialism: 

• The world Socialism was added to the preamble by the 42nd amendment- It implies social and economic equality.

 Federalism: 

• The Constitution provides a federal structure. The powers are specifically divided between central and state government.

Independent judiciary: 

• India has an independent and integrated judiciary.

Alladi Krishnaswami Ayyar, N. Gopalaswami, B.R. Ambedkar, K.M Munshi Mohammad Saadula, B.L.Mitter and D.P. Khaitan were the seven members of the Drafting Committee of the Constitution.

The Indian Constitution has 8 basic principles. 

1. Popular Sovereignty 
2. Fundamental Rights 
3. Directive Principles 
4. Cabinet Government 
5. Secularism 
6. Socialism 
7. Federalism
8. Judicial Independence

Major changes in the constitution were made during 1970s.

The Draft constitution is a formidable document. It contains 395 Articles and 8 Schedules.

1. Dual policy, 

2. Separation of powers

(C) political

(B) Zimbabwe

Elections is the speciality of Democracy.

1. The Constitution provides that without depriving the states of their right to form their own civil services, there shall be All Indian Service recruited. 

2. It is recruited on All India basis with common qualifications, with the uniform scale of pay and the members of which alone could be appointed to the strategic posts throughout the Union.

1. No. All officials of a state are not from the state’s civil services. 

2. Constitution provides for an All India Services for every state in strategic posts. 

3. They are like Collectors, Superintendents of Police, Secretary, Principle Secretary and Chief Secretary, etc.

1. The claim to represent all the people of India was definitely justified.

2. The Constitution was made by the people for the people. 

3. The draft was printed and made available to the 40 crore people of the country for 8 months. 

4. There were more than 7,000 changes proposed by the people. 

5. Out of them above 2000 changes were accepted. 

6. Thus, the claim is justified.

B) In equalities exist in democracies.

1. Villages were provided with the autonomy of forming Gram panchayat. 

2. Now they are self administered units. 

3. State Governments shall ensure that direct elections to all seats of Panchayat are conducted. 

4. The reservation of seats for SCs and STs in proportion to their population and for women reservation seats are not less 1/3 of the total seats.

Mynmar is allowed to contest in elections only one or two parties.

1. Indian states are not administrative units or agencies of the union government. 

2. Because states have sovereign power assigned to them by the Constitution. 

3. They have elected representatives and they are not the agencies of the union, government. 

4. They are peripheral entities in the federal system.

1) B 

2) E 

3) D 

4) A

5) C

1. As you can see the Constituent Assembly was not elected through universal adult franchise. 

2. Only 10% of the population could vote in the provincial election. 

3. All the people were not necessary to participate actively in the formulation of constitution. 

4. Because majority of our people are illiterate and they have no knowledge about the constitution. 

So, in this situation elites participation is necessary to frame our constitution.

It was good idea to leave the term “Untouchability” in undefined manner in the Constitution. Because, the word untouchability has different meanings in different places. So when we are going to use the word ‘untouchability’, we should be in clear manner. That’s why Article 17 (untouchability is a crime), what says it is correct.

1. It would be better if the Constitution had put an end to all aspects of the caste system instead of just ending untouchability. 

2. Caste system is so deep rooted that to end all the aspects of it may not be that easy. 

3. But austere efforts and stern action against the practicers of caste system would end it.

Untouchability is a social practice which discriminates people on caste basis.

a) fifteen, 

b) Fundamental rights, Minorities, Tribal Areas, 

c) Constituent Assembly, 

d) Drafting, 

e) Government of India Act, 1935, 

f) eight, g) 395,8.

A) Chinese Communist party

C) Unitary Constitution

Socialist Revolution was held in Russia

Brussels is the capital of Belgium

(C) Sri Lanka

Any country, where the head of the state is not on hereditary but any elected or nominated person is called the Republic.

Correct option is (c) eight