Explore topic-wise InterviewSolutions in Current Affairs.

One calorie is the heat required to raise the temperature of 1 g of water from 14.5°C to 15.5°C 

1 Calorie = 4.2 joule.

Heat is a form of energy, which when absorbed by a body makes it hot and when extracted from a makes it cold. It is also defined as the total kinetic energy possessed by all the molecules of a body. The S. I. unit of heat is joule/kg kelvin.

Answer is (D) 2π/3

This statement is True.

When the Trial Balance does not tally a temporary account called ‘Suspense Account’ is opened to balance the trial balance. So when the trial balance is agreed there is no need to open ‘Suspense Account’.

This statement is False.

The errors of principle and errors of complete omission can be rectified by passing entries. So all the errors can not be rectified by the Trial Balance.

i. Agree

ii. Disagree

iii. Agree

iv. Agree

v. Disagree

i. Accuracy

ii. errors of principle

iii. Rectifying

iv. suspense account

v. wrong

1. (i) The woman i.e., the lady thief was confident and firm.

2. (ii) She posed as owner of the house in front of Horace Danby.

3. (iii) As Horace was about to open the safe, he heard a voice from the doorway. 6t was the voice of the lady in red.

4. (iv) At the replace, the lady was straightening the ornaments.

5. (iv) The colour of the lady's dress was red.

1. a. Peggy made fun of Wanda by asking a question about how many dresses she had at her closet.

2. a. Wanda wore a faded blue dress.

3. b. Wanda would say that she had a hundred dresses lined up in her closet.

4. b. No, Wanda did not have many friends.

5. c. The word which means the same as 'polite' is 'courteous'.

Correct answer is (b) better

The old man was slow.

b. put on his ragged gloves/he removed his hat and gloves.

c. take his stick/handed his things to the boy.

d. walked out/sit on the chair.

e. the boy followed behind him/the boy stood behind the chair.

Here, in the poem ‘alien’ means the ship and iceberg are opposite to one another, One is natural and the other is man-made. As the human’s technology goes on growing, on the other side nature also goes on growing against the human technology which goes against the nature.

The iceberg and the ship were alien. Here it means they are different from one another one is natural and the other one is artificial, man-made, as to be the opposite of one another. The were like two hemispheres, this sentence gives the idea that human pride was shattered when the ship sank.

The two hemispheres would refer to either side of the world. The two sides are purposefully created by the mysterious creator and they have ever since been coming close to their ultimate clash. They are twin halves of one august event. They will be two halves of the tragedy.

The monkey ate the bananas. Here the subject is shifted to the place of object.

B. sing all through summer and spring.

Answer is A. food.

C. starvation and famine.

1. much 

2. sometimes 

3. very 

4. too 

5. again 

6. yet, much 

7. off 

8. much 

9. properly 

10. too 

11. so 

12. lengthwise 

13. somewhat 

14. all 

15. tomorrow.

1. ideal 

2. big 

3. first 

4. interesting 

5. five hundred 

6. good 

7. glorious 

8. Every 

9. bad 

10. beautiful

1. Everyone sang a song except her. 

2. Nobody but I was able to answer the question. 

3. Let it be divided between you and me. 

4. Nothing can prevent me from doing what I like. 

5. Would he not accept my invitation? 

6. Why did you not reply to my letter? 

7. How can I agree to your proposal?

8. Why should I differ with you? 

9. Please write to me at your earliest. 

10. Can you correct one after the other? 

11. I would prefer death to dishonour. 

12. Is she ill with fever? 

13. He would prefer dying to begging. 

14. She was presented a nice gift. 

15. I am not averse to playing football. 

Partnership firm:

• A business firm run by two or more persons together with the objective of sharing the profit or loss is called a partnership firm.
• According to partnership Act, 1932, “Partnership is a relation between two or more people who have agreed to share the profit and/or loss of the business which is run
  by all or one on behalf of all”.
• In a partnership firm the ownership remains in hands of more than one person or say in the hands of all the partners together. The business is managed by all partners or by one or more partners as per the partnership deed and mutual understanding. Similarly, the profit or loss is borne by all as per the ratio decided in the deed.

Characteristics of partnership firm:
1. Relation by agreement:

A partnership firm comes into existence by either verbal or written agreement called the partnership deed. It can also come into existence just by mutual agreement and understanding of people, however it is always advisable to have a written agreement.

2. Process of establishment:

The process of establishing is simple and one does not need to undergo a lengthy and complex legal procedure.

3. Registration:

As per the partnership Act it is not compulsory to register a partnership firm but it is advisable to do so. The partners need to submit the partnership deed to the Registrar of Firms who will then register the firm.

4. Number of partners:

A general partnership firm need to have minimum 2 partners and maximum 20. Whereas for a banking business there can be a maximum of 10 partners only.

5. Purpose of partnership firm:

• The main objective of a partnership firm is to earn profit by doing activities that are legally permitted.
• Activities such as social service managing religious programmes or tasks though done together cannot be called partnership because the objective of profit does not exist in such cases.

6. Capital:

Generally, all the partners invest the capital as mentioned in the partnership deed ‘ however, it is not necessary that every partner invests.

7. Management:

All the partners can jointly manage the partnership firm and all of them can participate in decision making. However, partners can mention and authorize names of one or more partners in the partnership deed who would manage the business.

8. Unlimited liability:

The liability of all the partners is unlimited. This means the partners will have to even sell their personal assets like properties, cars, etc. to pay the business debts. As per the Partnership Act the partners are individually and jointly responsible for paying off the firm’s debts. This also means that if one or more partner is unable to pay the business debts from his personal assets, the remaining partners, will have to pay the debt from their personal assets.

9. Transfer of ownership:

It is not easy to transfer the ownership of a partnership firm. Unless all the partners approve one cannot transfer his share in anyone’s favour. In case if a partner does so, any partner can dissolve the partnership firm.

10. Legal status:

The Partnership Act, 1932 contains all the details and procedures about registering the firm, rights and duties of partners, establishment, dissolution, etc.

11. Life span of the firm:

• A partnership has a limited life. Partnership and partnership firm exist separately.
• The partnership ends if a partner dies, becomes mentally unstable or insolvent. In such cases, the remaining partners can redistribute the share of that partner among themselves or even admit a new partner. In this way the existing partnership may end but the partnership firm can live, i.e. not get dissolved.

The materials which have large plastic range of extension are called ductile materials. Such materials can be drawn into thin wires. 

Examples: Copper, silver, iron, aluminum, etc.

1. d. All of the above

2. a. YES

3. d. All of the above

4. c. Both A and B

5. a. TRUE

(a) Malleable metals: The metals which can be hammered or rolled into thin sheets are called malleable metals. 

Examples: Gold, silver, lead, etc.

(b) Elastomers: The materials which can be elastically stretched to large values of strain are called elastomers. They have large elastic region but do not obey Hooke’s law. 

Example: Rubber and elastic tissue of aorta.

You cannot calculate magnetic moment of lanthanoid complexes using spin only formula as you have to consider orbital momentum also.

Genes located on the non-homologous region of X chromosome are called X-linked genes.

Crossing over is the process of forming new recombinations by interchanging and exchanging non-sister chromatid arms of the homologous chromosomes.

Genes located on the non-homologous region of Y chromosome are called Y-linked genes. The traits due to such genes are called holandric traits which are seen only in male sex

Sex linkage can be complete X linkage and complete Y linkage. X linkage is haemophilia and Y linkage is hypertrichosis.

Down’s Syndrome.

Chromosomal theory of inheritance was put forth by Sutton and Boveri after studying paraillel behaviour of genes and chromosomes during meiotic division. This theory states following points:

1. Chromosomal theory identifies chromosomes as the carrier of genetic material. 

2. All the hereditary characters are transmitted by gametes. Nucleus of gametes, i.e. sperms and ova of the parents contain chromosomes which transmit the heredity to offspring. 

3. Chromosomes are found in pairs in somatic or diploid cells. 

4. During gamete formation, homologous chromosomes pair and segregate independently at meiosis. The diploid condition is converted into haploid condition. Thus each gamete contains only one chromosome of a pair. 

5. During fertilization, the union of sperm and egg restores the diploid number of chromosomes.

Pedigree given above shows:

1. First Generation : Carrier woman marrying a sufferer man. Their three children are in following birth order. 

2. Second generation : First son is normal, second daughter is carrier and third daughter is sufferer.

3. Third generation : The sufferer daughter marries a normal man. Her children are normal daughter and sufferer son.

(a) The above pedigree show sex-linked (Xlinked) trait. Since criss-cross inheritance is seen in the trait, it must be sex-linked inheritance. 

(b) Such trait and its inheritance can be seen in colour blindness.

Correct option is (a) Sutton and Boveri

1. Multiple alleles are more than two alternative alleles of a gene in a population situated on the same locus on a chromosome or its homologue. 

2. Multiple alleles arise by mutations of the wild type of gene. Series of multiple alleles are formed due to several mutations that take place in the wild type of allele. This series show alternative expression. 

3. Different alleles in a series show dominant-recessive relation or may show co-dominance or incomplete dominance among themselves. Among all the wild type is the most dominant one over all other mutant alleles. 

4. In Drosophila, a large number of multiple alleles are known. E.g. The size of wings from normal wings to vestigial wings is due to one allele (vg) in homozygous condition. The normal wing is dominant and wild type while vestigial wing is recessive type. 

5. Human blood groups A, B, AB and O Eire also due to series of multiple alleles.

1. Widow’s peak is a prominent ‘V’ shaped hairline on forehead. 

2. It is due to autosomal dominant gene. 

3. Widow’s peak occurs in homozygous dominant (WW) and also heterozygous (Ww) individuals. 

4. Individuals with homozygous recessive (ww) genotype do not have widow’s peak but have a straight hair line. 

5. Both males and females have equal chance of inheritance.

1. Transmission of body characters occurs due to autosomes. They are not concerned with sex determination or sex linkage. 

2. All the body characters from parents are passed on to their offspring through autosomes. This is called autosomal inheritance. 

3. Some autosomal characters are due to dominant genes while some other are due to recessive genes. E.g. Widow’s peak and Huntington’s disease is also autosomal dominant character, etc. 

4. Phenyl ketonuria (PKU), Cystic fibrosis and Sickle-cell anaemia are autosomal recessive traits.

Correct option is (d) Telocentric

1. Farmers use hybrid seeds for agriculture or horticulture. Hybrid seeds are produced by crossing two unrelated parent plants. 

2. Hybrid seed varieties give improved yields and crop vigour to the farmer

3. Hybrids are made by crossing two highly inbred ‘parent’ plants. First generation hybrids, however, do not breed true to type, meaning that the seed they set may not grow into crops that are identical to the ‘parent’ plants. 

4. This can result in variations in yield and quality therefore many farmers prefer to buy new hybrid seed each year to ensure consistency in their final product.

(1) Statement of Law of Dominance : When two homozygous individuals with one or more sets of contrasting characters are crossed, the alleles that appear in F₁ are dominant and those which do not appear in F₁ are recessive.

(2) Statement of Law of Segregation or Law of purity of gametes : When F₁ hybrid forms gametes, the alleles segregate from each other and enter in different gametes. The gametes formed are pure because they carry only one either dominant allele or recessive allele each. Due to this the law is also called “Law of purity of gametes”. 

(3) Statement of Law of Independent Assortment : When hybrid possessing two (or more) pairs of contrasting alleles forms gametes, these alleles in each pair segregate independently of the other pair.

1. Human made is heterogame tic, i.e. he produces two different types of sperms. One is bearing X chromosome along with 22 autosomes and the other is Y bearing sperm with 22 autosomes. 

2. Mother, on the other hand, is homogametic, producing all similar types of ova, i.e 22 + X chromosomal combination. 

3. If 22+X bearing sperm fertilise an egg, female child is formed while if Y bearing sperm fertilizes an egg, male child is formed. 

4. Thus the sex of the child is dependent upon type of sperm that father gives, therefore, it is said that father is responsible for determination of sex of a child and not the mother.

1. PKU means phenylketonuria which is an autosomal recessive inborn error. 

2. In this disorder the metabolism of phenylalanine does not occur due to deficiency of phenylalanine hydroxylase (PAH) enzyme.

3. This enzyme is necessary to metabolize the amino acid phenylalanine to the amino acid tyrosine. 

4. When PAH activity is reduced, phenylalanine accumulates in blood and cerebrospinal fluid and is converted into phenylpyruvate or phenyl-ketone which is a toxic compound. This may cause mental retardation. Excess phenylalanine is excreted in urine, hence this disease is called phenylketonuria. 

5. PKU is caused by mutations in the PAH gene on chromosome no. 12. 

6. Untreated PKU causes abnormal phenotype which includes growth failure, poor skin pigmentation, microcephaly, seizures, global developmental delay and severe intellectual impairment. However, at birth if an infant is checked for PKU, the further abnormalities can be avoided.

1. Linkage is defined as the tendency of the genes to be inherited together because they are present in the same chromosome. Linkage group is group of genes situated on a chromosome. 

2. Humans have 23 linkage groups because they have 23 pairs of chromosomes. 

3. Maize plant has 10 linkage groups because they have 10 pairs of chromosomes.

The uterus is also called the womb.