125876 + Interview Questions in General QA

1.	मानवता को सूचित करनेवाले तीन प्रसंग बताइए।
Answer» (1) नदी या तालाब में डूबते हुए व्यक्ति को बचाना। (2) कुत्ते को पत्थर मारकर भगानेवाले बालक को रोकना। (3) वृद्ध महिला को सड़क पार कराना।

1.

मानवता को सूचित करनेवाले तीन प्रसंग बताइए।

Answer»

(1) नदी या तालाब में डूबते हुए व्यक्ति को बचाना।

(2) कुत्ते को पत्थर मारकर भगानेवाले बालक को रोकना।

(3) वृद्ध महिला को सड़क पार कराना।

2.	देवेन्द्र समय पर स्कूल न पहुंचा तो किसे चिन्ता हुई?
Answer» देवेन्द्र समय पर स्कूल न पहुँचा तो उसके अध्यापक और प्रधानाध्यापक को चिन्ता हुई।

Discussion

3.	सही वाक्यांश चुनकर पूरा वाक्य फिर से लिखिए :एक बालक …(अ) हाकर से टकराता है।(ब) भिखारी से टकराता है।(क) एक चायवाले से टकराता है।
Answer» एक बालक एक चायवाले से टकराता है।

Discussion

4.	सबसे बड़ा कर्तव्य और कर्म क्या है?
Answer» इन्सान की सेवा ही सबसे बड़ा कर्तव्य और कर्म है।

Discussion

5.	लिंग के आधार पर वाक्य सही है या गलत? अगर वाक्य गलत है, तो सुधारकर दुबारा लिखिए:(1) मेरे पास एक बड़ी संदूक है।(2) मैंने अहमदाबाद से अंबाजी की टिकट ली।(3) रावण के साथ युद्ध में राम का विजय हुआ।(4) मैंने पुस्तक खरीदी।(5) रमेश की स्कूल विशाल है।(6) आपकी आवाज़ मधुर है।(7) रोहन को क्रिकेट खेलने में बड़ी मज़ा आती है।(8) हमें पौष्टिक खुराक लेना चाहिए।(9) मैंने एक सुंदर तसवीर देखा।(10) आज भारी बरसात हुआ।
Answer» (1) मेरे पास एक बड़ी संदूक है। (गलत) सही वाक्य : मेरे पास एक बड़ा संदूक है। (2) मैंने अहमदाबाद से अंबाजी की टिकट ली। (गलत) सही वाक्य : मैंने अहमदाबाद से अंबाजी का टिकट लिया। (3) रावण के साथ युद्ध में राम का विजय हुआ। (गलत) सही वाक्य : रावण के साथ युद्ध में राम की विजय हुई। (4) मैंने पुस्तक खरीदी। (सही वाक्य) (5) रमेश की स्कूल विशाल है। (गलत) सही वाक्य : रमेश का स्कूल विशाल है। (6) आपकी आवाज़ मधुर है। (सही वाक्य) (7) रोहन को क्रिकेट खेलने में बड़ी मजा आती है। (गलत) सही वाक्य : रोहन को क्रिकेट खेलने में बड़ा मजा आता है। (8) हमें पौष्टिक खुराक लेना चाहिए। (गलत) ही वाक्य : हमें पौष्टिक खुराक लेनी चाहिए। (9) मैंने एक सुंदर तस्वीर देखा। (गलत) सही वाक्य : मैंने एक सुंदर तस्वीर देखी। (10) आज भारी बरसात हुआ। (गलत) सही वाक्य : आज भारी बरसात हुई।

5.

लिंग के आधार पर वाक्य सही है या गलत? अगर वाक्य गलत है, तो सुधारकर दुबारा लिखिए:(1) मेरे पास एक बड़ी संदूक है।(2) मैंने अहमदाबाद से अंबाजी की टिकट ली।(3) रावण के साथ युद्ध में राम का विजय हुआ।(4) मैंने पुस्तक खरीदी।(5) रमेश की स्कूल विशाल है।(6) आपकी आवाज़ मधुर है।(7) रोहन को क्रिकेट खेलने में बड़ी मज़ा आती है।(8) हमें पौष्टिक खुराक लेना चाहिए।(9) मैंने एक सुंदर तसवीर देखा।(10) आज भारी बरसात हुआ।

Answer»

(1) मेरे पास एक बड़ी संदूक है। (गलत) सही

वाक्य : मेरे पास एक बड़ा संदूक है।

(2) मैंने अहमदाबाद से अंबाजी की टिकट ली। (गलत) सही

वाक्य : मैंने अहमदाबाद से अंबाजी का टिकट लिया।

(3) रावण के साथ युद्ध में राम का विजय हुआ। (गलत) सही

वाक्य : रावण के साथ युद्ध में राम की विजय हुई।

(4) मैंने पुस्तक खरीदी। (सही वाक्य)

(5) रमेश की स्कूल विशाल है। (गलत) सही

वाक्य : रमेश का स्कूल विशाल है।

(6) आपकी आवाज़ मधुर है। (सही वाक्य)

(7) रोहन को क्रिकेट खेलने में बड़ी मजा आती है। (गलत) सही

वाक्य : रोहन को क्रिकेट खेलने में बड़ा मजा आता है।

(8) हमें पौष्टिक खुराक लेना चाहिए। (गलत) ही

वाक्य : हमें पौष्टिक खुराक लेनी चाहिए।

(9) मैंने एक सुंदर तस्वीर देखा। (गलत) सही

वाक्य : मैंने एक सुंदर तस्वीर देखी।

(10) आज भारी बरसात हुआ। (गलत) सही

वाक्य : आज भारी बरसात हुई।

Discussion

6.	बूट पालिशवाले ने राहगीर से क्या कहा?
Answer» बूटपालिशवाले ने राहगीर से कहा कि मैं आपके जूते चमकाकर शानदार बना दूंगा। मैं उन्हें आईना बना दूंगा। उनमें अपनी शक्ल देखकर फिर आप पैसे दीजिए, वे भी सिर्फ दो रुपये!

Discussion

7.	निम्नलिखित वाक्य कौन-किसे कहता है, लिखिए :(1) “अंधा है क्या? देखकर नहीं चलता। मेरे कप टूट गए।”(2) “जीते रहो बेटा। भगवान तुम्हें अच्छे नंबर से उत्तीर्ण करे।”(3) “चलो बाबा तुम्हें अस्पताल तक पहुँचा दूं।” ।(4) “सर! परीक्षा शुरू हो गई और देवेन्द्र अभी तक अनुपस्थित है।”(5) “शाबाश! तुमने यह जानते हुए भी कि परीक्षा का समय है, अपना कर्तव्य निभाया।”(6) “जूते चमका दूँ, शानदार कर दूंगा।”
Answer» (1) चायवाला एक बालक से कहता है। (2) भिखारी विद्यार्थी (देवेन्द्र) से कहता है। (3) विद्यार्थी (देवेन्द्र) अंधे – बूढ़े भिखारी से कहता है। (4) एक अध्यापक प्रधानाध्यापक से कहता है। (5) प्रधानाध्यापक विद्यार्थी (देवेन्द्र) से कहते हैं। (6) बूटपालिशवाला राहगीर से कहता है।

7.

निम्नलिखित वाक्य कौन-किसे कहता है, लिखिए :(1) “अंधा है क्या? देखकर नहीं चलता। मेरे कप टूट गए।”(2) “जीते रहो बेटा। भगवान तुम्हें अच्छे नंबर से उत्तीर्ण करे।”(3) “चलो बाबा तुम्हें अस्पताल तक पहुँचा दूं।” ।(4) “सर! परीक्षा शुरू हो गई और देवेन्द्र अभी तक अनुपस्थित है।”(5) “शाबाश! तुमने यह जानते हुए भी कि परीक्षा का समय है, अपना कर्तव्य निभाया।”(6) “जूते चमका दूँ, शानदार कर दूंगा।”

Answer»

(1) चायवाला एक बालक से कहता है।

(2) भिखारी विद्यार्थी (देवेन्द्र) से कहता है।

(3) विद्यार्थी (देवेन्द्र) अंधे – बूढ़े भिखारी से कहता है।

(4) एक अध्यापक प्रधानाध्यापक से कहता है।

(5) प्रधानाध्यापक विद्यार्थी (देवेन्द्र) से कहते हैं।

(6) बूटपालिशवाला राहगीर से कहता है।

Discussion

8.	स्कूल की परीक्षा से पहले देवेन्द्र किस परीक्षा में पास हो गया था?
Answer» स्कूल की परीक्षा से पहले देवेन्द्र इन्सानियत की परीक्षा में पास हो गया था।

Discussion

9.	What do you mean by Concentrated & Dilute acids ?
Answer» Concentrated & Dilute acids - A concentrated acid is one which contains the minimum amount of water in it. A dilute acid is obtained by mixing the concentrated acid with water.

Discussion

10.	The nature of aqueous solution of borax is :(a) Acidic(b) Neutral(c) Amphoteric(d) Basic
Answer» The answer is (d) Basic

Discussion

11.	निम्नलिखित वाक्यों का वचन परिवर्तन करके वाक्य फिर से लिखिए :(1) लड़के मैदान में खेल रहे हैं।(2) आकाश में पक्षी उड़ रहे हैं।(3) मैंने आज एक व्यक्ति की मदद की।(4) उद्यान में हरा-भरा पेड़ है।(5) मेरी किताब वापस दीजिए।
Answer» (1) लड़का मैदान में खेल रहा है। (2) आकाश में पक्षी उड़ रहा है। (3) मैंने आज कई व्यक्तियों की मदद की। (4) उद्यान में हरे – भरे पेड़ हैं। (5) मेरी किताबें वापस दीजिए।

11.

निम्नलिखित वाक्यों का वचन परिवर्तन करके वाक्य फिर से लिखिए :(1) लड़के मैदान में खेल रहे हैं।(2) आकाश में पक्षी उड़ रहे हैं।(3) मैंने आज एक व्यक्ति की मदद की।(4) उद्यान में हरा-भरा पेड़ है।(5) मेरी किताब वापस दीजिए।

Answer»

(1) लड़का मैदान में खेल रहा है।

(2) आकाश में पक्षी उड़ रहा है।

(3) मैंने आज कई व्यक्तियों की मदद की।

(4) उद्यान में हरे – भरे पेड़ हैं।

(5) मेरी किताबें वापस दीजिए।

Discussion

12.	What are the General properties of Bases ?
Answer» General properties of Bases: • Have a soapy feel, • May also burn the skin • Common examples are soaps & detergents. • Commonly found bases in laboratories and in our daily life are: Caustic soda, NaOH; Caustic potash, KOH; Milk of magnesia, Mg(OH)₂; Liquor ammonia, NH₃; Washing powder, Tooth paste.

12.

What are the General properties of Bases ?

Answer»

General properties of Bases:

• Have a soapy feel,

• May also burn the skin

• Common examples are soaps & detergents.

• Commonly found bases in laboratories and in our daily life are: Caustic soda, NaOH; Caustic potash, KOH; Milk of magnesia, Mg(OH)₂; Liquor ammonia, NH₃; Washing powder, Tooth paste.

Discussion

13.	Heroin or smack is chemically ………………… (a) diclofenac (b) diacetyl morphine (c) benzodiazepine (d) amphetamines
Answer» Correct answer is (b) diacetyl morphine

Discussion

14.	From which plant is charas obtained? (a) Cannabis sativa (b) Erythroxylum coca(c) Papaver somniferum (d) Atropa belladonna
Answer» Correct answer is (a) Cannabis sativa

Discussion

15.	Opium is obtained from the latex of the unripe fruits of ………………… (a) Cannabis sativa (b) Thea siensis (c) Papaver somniferum (d) Erythroxylon coca
Answer» Correct answer is (c) Papaver somniferum

Discussion

16.	Ecstasy is a drug that is used in most of the Rev parties which is chemically a derivative of ………………… (a) Barbiturates (b) Amphetamines (c) Catecholamine (d) Morphine
Answer» Correct answer is (b) Amphetamines

Discussion

17.	Opium derivative is ………………… (a) Codeine (b) Caffeine (c) Heroin(d) Psilocybin
Answer» Correct option is (c) Heroin

Discussion

18.

Distinguish between the following :FSH and LH

Answer»

FSH	LH
1. FSH is follicle stimulating hormone essential for the development of ovary.	1. LH is luteinizing hormone responsible for ovulation in females.
2. FSH stimulates ovary (follicular cells) to produce estrogen.	2. LH stimulates ovary (corpus luteum) to produce progesterone.
3. FSH in males is responsible for the spermatogenesis.	3. LH in females is responsible for the development of corpus luteum.
4. Negative feedback mechanism exists between amounts of FSH and estrogen in females.	4. Negative feedback mechanism exists between amounts of LH and progesterone in females.
5. FSH is indirectly responsible for the development of secondary sexual characters in females.	5. LH is indirectly responsible for maintenance of pregnancy in females.

Discussion

19.	What is Embryogenesis?
Answer» Embryogenesis: The development of embryo from the zygote.

Discussion

20.	What do you mean by Zygote?
Answer» Zygote: The product of fusion of male and female gametes

Discussion

21.	What is the Internal Fertilization?
Answer» Internal Fertilization: When fertilization takes place inside the body of female organisms. E.g Female human.

21.

What is the Internal Fertilization?

Answer»

Internal Fertilization: When fertilization takes place inside the body of female organisms.

E.g Female human.

Discussion

22.	What is the External fertilization?
Answer» External fertilization: When fertilization takes place outside the body of organisms. E.g Frog and Bony Fishes.

22.

What is the External fertilization?

Answer»

External fertilization: When fertilization takes place outside the body of organisms.

E.g Frog and Bony Fishes.

Discussion

23.	What is Parthenogenesis ?
Answer» Parthenogenesis: The development of egg to new form without fertilization. E.g Rotifers, Honey bees, Turkey birds etc.

23.

What is Parthenogenesis ?

Answer»

Parthenogenesis: The development of egg to new form without fertilization.

E.g Rotifers, Honey bees, Turkey birds etc.

Discussion

24.	Syngamy means:(a) Fusion of similar spores(b) Fusion of dissimilar spores(c) Fusion of cytoplasm(d) Fusion of gametes
Answer» (d) Fusion of gametes

Discussion

25.	What is Fertilization?
Answer» Fertilization: The process of fusion of male and female gametes

Discussion

26.	Explain the term Syngamy.
Answer» Syngamy: The fusion of male and female gametes.

Discussion

27.	What is meant by pistillate?
Answer» The female flower bearing pistil is called pistillate.

Discussion

28.	Explain the term Staminate.
Answer» Staminate: When a flower has only male sex organ i.e stamens

Discussion

29.	Explain the term Pistillate.
Answer» Pistillate: When a flower has only female sex organ (carpel or pistil)

Discussion

30.	Explain the Pistillate.
Answer» Pistillate: When a flower has only female sex organ (carpel or pistil)

Discussion

31.

Distinguish between the following :Adenohypophysis and neurohypophysis.

Answer»

Adenohypophysis	Neurohypophysis
1. Adenohypophysis is the anterior lobe of pituitary.	1. Neurohypophysis is the posterior lobe of pituitary.
2. There is portal system between adenohypophysis and hypothalamus which has blood sinusoids.	2. There is axonal knobs and blood vessels that connect neurohypophysis and hypothalamus.
3. Adenohypophysis forms 75% of pituitary.	3. Neurohypophysis forms 25% of pituitary.
4. Adenohypophysis has three parts, pars tuberalis, pars distalis and pars intermedia.	4. Neurohypophysis has three parts, median eminence, infundibulum and pars nervosa
5. Adenohypophysis has chromophil (acidophil and basophil) and chromophobe cells.	5. Neurohypophysis has axonic fibres and pituicytes.
6. Adenohypophysis secretes seven different hormones after receiving an appropriate message from hypothalamus through releasing factors.	6. Neurohypophysis does not produce hormones on its own. It is a neurohaemal organ as it receives and stores two hormones from hypothalamus.

Discussion

32.	An element A reacts with water to form a compound B which is used in white washing. The compound B on heating forms an oxide C which on treatment with water gives back B. Identify A, B, and C and give the reactions involved.
Answer» A is calcium, B is calcium Hydroxide and C is Calcium Oxide. Ca + 2H₂O → Ca(OH)₂+ H₂ Ca(OH)₂→ CaO + H₂O CaO + H₂O → Ca(OH)₂

32.

An element A reacts with water to form a compound B which is used in white washing. The compound B on heating forms an oxide C which on treatment with water gives back B. Identify A, B, and C and give the reactions involved.

Answer»

A is calcium, B is calcium Hydroxide and C is Calcium Oxide.

Ca + 2H₂O → Ca(OH)₂+ H₂

Ca(OH)₂→ CaO + H₂O

CaO + H₂O → Ca(OH)₂

Discussion

33.	What is adenohypophysis ? Name the hormones secreted by it.
Answer» 1. Adenohypophysis is the large anterior lobe of pituitary gland. 2. It is derived from embryonic ectoderm in the form of Rathke’s pouch which is a small outgrowth from the roof of embryonic stomodaeum. 3. It is made up of epitheloid secretory cells. It secretes following hormones: 1. GH : [Growth Hormone/STH : Somatotropic Hormone] 2. TSH/TTH – [Thyroid Stimulating Hormone/ Thyrotropic Hormone] 3. ACTH – [adrenocorticotropic hormone] 4. PRL – [prolactin] Gonadotropins 1. FSH [follicle stimulating hormone] 2. LH/ICSH – [leutinizing hormone/ interstitial cells stimulating hormone]

33.

What is adenohypophysis ? Name the hormones secreted by it.

Answer»

1. Adenohypophysis is the large anterior lobe of pituitary gland.

2. It is derived from embryonic ectoderm in the form of Rathke’s pouch which is a small outgrowth from the roof of embryonic stomodaeum.

3. It is made up of epitheloid secretory cells.

It secretes following hormones:

1. GH : [Growth Hormone/STH : Somatotropic Hormone]

2. TSH/TTH – [Thyroid Stimulating Hormone/ Thyrotropic Hormone]

3. ACTH – [adrenocorticotropic hormone]

4. PRL – [prolactin]

Gonadotropins

1. FSH [follicle stimulating hormone]

2. LH/ICSH – [leutinizing hormone/ interstitial cells stimulating hormone]

Discussion

34.	Which of the following is NOT caused by unsterilized needles? (a) Elephantiasis (b) AIDS (e) Malaria (d) Hepatitis
Answer» Correct option is (a) Elephantiasis

Discussion

35.	Describe, in brief, an account of disorders of adrenal gland.
Answer» (1) Disorders of adrenal cortical secretions are caused due to hyposecretion and hypersecretion of adrenal corcoid hormones. (2) Hyposecretion of corticosteroids causes Addison’s disease. (3) The symptoms of Addison’s disease are low blood sugar, low body temperature, feeble heart action, low BR acidosis, low Na⁺ and K⁺ concentration in plasma, excessive loss of Na⁺and water in urine, impaired kidney functioning and kidney failure, etc. it leads to weight loss, general weakness, nausea, vomiting and diarrhoea. (4) Hypersecretion of corticoids causes Cushing’s disease. (5) The symptoms of Cushing’s disease are high blood sugar level, glucosuria, alkalosis, enhancement of total quantity of electrolytes in extracellular fluid, polydipsia, increased BR muscle paralysis, obesity, wasting of limb muscles, etc.

35.

Describe, in brief, an account of disorders of adrenal gland.

Answer»

(1) Disorders of adrenal cortical secretions are caused due to hyposecretion and hypersecretion of adrenal corcoid hormones.

(2) Hyposecretion of corticosteroids causes Addison’s disease.

(3) The symptoms of Addison’s disease are low blood sugar, low body temperature, feeble heart action, low BR acidosis, low Na⁺ and K⁺ concentration in plasma, excessive loss of Na⁺and water in urine, impaired kidney functioning and kidney failure, etc. it leads to weight loss, general weakness, nausea, vomiting and diarrhoea.

(4) Hypersecretion of corticoids causes Cushing’s disease.

(5) The symptoms of Cushing’s disease are high blood sugar level, glucosuria, alkalosis, enhancement of total quantity of electrolytes in extracellular fluid, polydipsia, increased BR muscle paralysis, obesity, wasting of limb muscles, etc.

Discussion

36.	Describe in brief an account of disorders of the thyroid. OR What are the functional disorders of thyroid gland? Describe in brief.
Answer» Disorders of thyroid gland are of three types, viz. hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism and simple goitre. (1) Hypothyroidism : Hypothyroidism is deficient secretion of thyroxine. This hyposecretion causes two types of disorders, viz. cretinism in children and myoxedema in adults. (i) Cretinism : Hyposecretion of thyroxine in childhood causes cretinism. The symptoms of cretinism are retardation of physical and mental growth. (ii) Myxoedema : Deficiency of thyroxine in adults causes this disorder. It is also referred to as Gull’s disease. Symptoms are thickening and puffiness of the skin and subcutaneous tissue particularly of face and extremities. Patients with low BMR. It also causes mental dullness, loss of memory, slow action. (2) Hyperthyroidism : Excessive secretion of thyroxine causes exophthalmic goitre or Grave’s disease. There is slight enlargement of thyroid gland. It increases BMR, heart rate, pulse rate and BE Reduction in body weight due to rapid oxidation, nervousness, irritability. Peculiar symptom is exophthalmos, i.e. bulging of eyeballs with staring look and less blinking. This is caused by deposition of fats behind the eye balls in eye sockets. There is muscular weakness and loss of weight. (3) Simple goitre (Iodine deficiency goitre) : Simple goitre occurs due to deficiency of iodine in diet or drinking water. Simple goitre causes enlargement of thyroid gland. Thyroid gland in an attempt to get more iodine from the blood, swells due to increased blood supply. Prevention of goitre can be done by administering iodized table salt. It is also called endemic goitre as it is common in hilly areas.

36.

Describe in brief an account of disorders of the thyroid. OR What are the functional disorders of thyroid gland? Describe in brief.

Answer»

Disorders of thyroid gland are of three types, viz. hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism and simple goitre.

(1) Hypothyroidism : Hypothyroidism is deficient secretion of thyroxine. This hyposecretion causes two types of disorders, viz. cretinism in children and myoxedema in adults.

(i) Cretinism : Hyposecretion of thyroxine in childhood causes cretinism. The symptoms of cretinism are retardation of physical and mental growth.

(ii) Myxoedema : Deficiency of thyroxine in adults causes this disorder. It is also referred to as Gull’s disease. Symptoms are thickening and puffiness of the skin and subcutaneous tissue particularly of face and extremities. Patients with low BMR. It also causes mental dullness, loss of memory, slow action.

(2) Hyperthyroidism : Excessive secretion of thyroxine causes exophthalmic goitre or Grave’s disease. There is slight enlargement of thyroid gland. It increases BMR, heart rate, pulse rate and BE Reduction in body weight due to rapid oxidation, nervousness, irritability. Peculiar symptom is exophthalmos, i.e. bulging of eyeballs with staring look and less blinking. This is caused by deposition of fats behind the eye balls in eye sockets. There is muscular weakness and loss of weight.

(3) Simple goitre (Iodine deficiency goitre) : Simple goitre occurs due to deficiency of iodine in diet or drinking water. Simple goitre causes enlargement of thyroid gland. Thyroid gland in an attempt to get more iodine from the blood, swells due to increased blood supply. Prevention of goitre can be done by administering iodized table salt. It is also called endemic goitre as it is common in hilly areas.

Discussion

37.	Explain action of steroid hormones and proteinous hormones. ORExplain the mode of action of steroid hormones.
Answer» The hormones always act on their target organs or tissues to induce their effects. The target tissues have specific binding sites or receptor sites which contain hormone receptors. I. Steroid hormones: 1. The steroid hormones are lipid soluble and can easily cross the lipoproteinous plasma membrane. 2. The hormone receptors for steroid hormones are present in cytoplasm or in nucleus. 3. Hormone-receptor complex formed in cytoplasm enters the nucleus and regulate the gene expression or chromosome function. 4. In some cases the receptors are present inside the nucleus where hormone receptor complex is formed. 5. These complexes interact with the genome to evoke biochemical changes that result in physiological and developmental functions. II. Protein hormones: 1. The hormone receptors for protein hormones are present on the cell membrane (i.e. membrane bound receptors). 2. When the hormone binds to its receptor, it forms hormone-receptor complex. Each receptor is specific to a specific hormone. 3. The hormones which interact with membrane bound receptors normally do not enter the target cell but generate second messengers. Such as cyclic AMP Ca⁺⁺ or IP (Inositol triphosphate), etc. 4. This leads to certain biochemical changes : in the target tissue. 5. Thus, the tissue metabolism and consequently the physiological functions are regulated by hormones.

37.

Explain action of steroid hormones and proteinous hormones. ORExplain the mode of action of steroid hormones.

Answer»

The hormones always act on their target organs or tissues to induce their effects. The target tissues have specific binding sites or receptor sites which contain hormone receptors.

I. Steroid hormones:

1. The steroid hormones are lipid soluble and can easily cross the lipoproteinous plasma membrane.

2. The hormone receptors for steroid hormones are present in cytoplasm or in nucleus.

3. Hormone-receptor complex formed in cytoplasm enters the nucleus and regulate the gene expression or chromosome function.

4. In some cases the receptors are present inside the nucleus where hormone receptor complex is formed.

5. These complexes interact with the genome to evoke biochemical changes that result in physiological and developmental functions.

II. Protein hormones:

1. The hormone receptors for protein hormones are present on the cell membrane (i.e. membrane bound receptors).

2. When the hormone binds to its receptor, it forms hormone-receptor complex. Each receptor is specific to a specific hormone.

3. The hormones which interact with membrane bound receptors normally do not enter the target cell but generate second messengers. Such as cyclic AMP Ca⁺⁺ or IP (Inositol triphosphate), etc.

4. This leads to certain biochemical changes : in the target tissue.

5. Thus, the tissue metabolism and consequently the physiological functions are regulated by hormones.

Discussion

38.	Explain the fees back mechanism to regulate the action of the hormones with the help of one suitable example.
Answer» Hormones should be secreted in precise quantities. The timing and amount of hormone released are regulated by a feedback mechanism. For example, if the sugar level in the blood rises, they respond by producing more insulin. As the blood sugar level, falls, insulin secretion is reduced.

Discussion

39.	a) Locate and name the water reservoirs in the given Figures (a) and (b). (b) Which has an advantage over the other and why?
Answer» a) Figure (a) is a pond ecosystem and Figure (b) is an underground waterbody b) Ground water body has more advantages than pond ecosystem for the following reasons Water will not evaporate Water will not spread out to recharge wells. Provides moisture for a wide area. Water will get contaminated from animal and human waste. They will no breeding of insects.

39.

a) Locate and name the water reservoirs in the given Figures (a) and (b). (b) Which has an advantage over the other and why?

Answer»

a) Figure (a) is a pond ecosystem and Figure (b) is an underground waterbody

b) Ground water body has more advantages than pond ecosystem for the following reasons

Water will not evaporate Water will not spread out to recharge wells.
Provides moisture for a wide area.
Water will get contaminated from animal and human waste.
They will no breeding of insects.

Discussion

40.	Write three main function of the nervous system.
Answer» (i) Collects information from the surrounding. (ii) Controls and coordinates the movement of muscles. (iii) Helps to recognise smell, taste, vision, hearing etc. with the help of sense organs.

40.

Write three main function of the nervous system.

Answer»

(i) Collects information from the surrounding.

(ii) Controls and coordinates the movement of muscles.

(iii) Helps to recognise smell, taste, vision, hearing etc. with the help of sense organs.

Discussion

41.	Define reflex action. give one example. Show with the help of a flow diagram the path of the reflex action.
Answer» Reflex action is a sudden action in response to something in the environment. e.g., pulling out a hand from the flame if accidentally touched. The path of the reflex action is as follows: Receptors→ sensory neuron → spinal cord → motor neuron → effector.

41.

Define reflex action. give one example. Show with the help of a flow diagram the path of the reflex action.

Answer»

Reflex action is a sudden action in response to something in the environment.

e.g., pulling out a hand from the flame if accidentally touched.

The path of the reflex action is as follows:

Receptors→ sensory neuron → spinal cord → motor neuron → effector.

Discussion

42.	Which of the following statements is not correct.(i) Some antiseptics can be added to soaps.(ii) Dilute solutions of some disinfectants can be used as antiseptic.(iii) Disinfectants are antimicrobial drugs.(iv) Antiseptic medicines can be ingested.
Answer» (iv) Antiseptic medicines can be ingested.

Discussion

43.	Which is the correct statement about birth control pills?(i) Contain estrogen only.(ii) Contain progesterone only.(iii) Contain a mixture of estrogen and progesterone derivatives.(iv) Progesterone enhances ovulation.
Answer» (iii) Contain a mixture of estrogen and progesterone derivatives.

Discussion

44.	State why the temperature of the reaction mixture of HNO3 is not allowed to rise above 200°C.
Answer» The reaction mixture is not heated beyond 200 °C because at higher temperature: The nitric acid would decompose: 4 HNO₃ →4NO₂ ↑+ 2H₂O + O₂ ↑ The residue, sodium sulphate or potassium sulphate, forms a hard crust that sticks to the glass. Hence, its removal becomes difficult.

44.

State why the temperature of the reaction mixture of HNO3 is not allowed to rise above 200°C.

Answer»

The reaction mixture is not heated beyond 200 °C because at higher temperature:

The nitric acid would decompose:

4 HNO₃ →4NO₂ ↑+ 2H₂O + O₂ ↑

The residue, sodium sulphate or potassium sulphate, forms a hard crust that sticks to the glass. Hence, its removal becomes difficult.

Discussion

45.	Write a balanced equation for – Ferric hydroxide reacts with nitric acid.
Answer» Fe (OH)₃ + 3HNO₃→ Fe (NO₃ )₃ + 3H₂O

Discussion

46.	Rewrite the correct statement with the missing word/s: Magnesium reacts with nitric acid to liberate hydrogen gas.
Answer» With very dilute nitric acid.

Discussion

47.	Which of the following is an amorphous solid?(i) Graphite (C)(ii) Quartz glass (SiO2)(iii) Chrome alum(iv) Silicon carbide (SiC)
Answer» (ii) Quartz glass (SiO₂)

Discussion

48.	Which of the following is not a characteristic of a crystalline solid? (i) Definite and characteristic heat of fusion. (ii) Isotropic nature. (iii) A regular periodically repeated pattern of arrangement of constituent particles in the entire crystal. (iv) A true solid
Answer» (ii) Isotropic nature.

Discussion

49.

Write a displacement reaction for non-metal.

Answer»

The best example of a displacement reaction for a non-metal is the reaction in which the more reactive halogen replaces the less reactive ones.

The reaction is as follows:

Cl2 + 2NaBr → 2NaCl + Br₂

Discussion

50.	A student performed the following displacement reaction:Fe(s) + CUSO4(aq) → FeSO4(aq) + Cu(s)Zn(s) + FeSO4(aq) →ZnSO4(ag) + Fe(s)2Al(s) + 3ZnSO4(aq) → Al2(SO4)3(aq)+ 3Zn(s)Arrange Fe, Zn, Al and Cu in the decreasing order of reactivity on the basis of above reaction.
Answer» According to reactivity series, N > Zn > Fe > Cu.

Discussion

Explore topic-wise InterviewSolutions in Current Affairs.

मानवता को सूचित करनेवाले तीन प्रसंग बताइए।

देवेन्द्र समय पर स्कूल न पहुंचा तो किसे चिन्ता हुई?

सबसे बड़ा कर्तव्य और कर्म क्या है?

बूट पालिशवाले ने राहगीर से क्या कहा?

स्कूल की परीक्षा से पहले देवेन्द्र किस परीक्षा में पास हो गया था?

What do you mean by Concentrated &amp; Dilute acids ?

The nature of aqueous solution of borax is :(a) Acidic(b) Neutral(c) Amphoteric(d) Basic

What are the General properties of Bases ?

Heroin or smack is chemically ………………… (a) diclofenac (b) diacetyl morphine (c) benzodiazepine (d) amphetamines

From which plant is charas obtained? (a) Cannabis sativa (b) Erythroxylum coca(c) Papaver somniferum (d) Atropa belladonna

Opium is obtained from the latex of the unripe fruits of ………………… (a) Cannabis sativa (b) Thea siensis (c) Papaver somniferum (d) Erythroxylon coca

Ecstasy is a drug that is used in most of the Rev parties which is chemically a derivative of ………………… (a) Barbiturates (b) Amphetamines (c) Catecholamine (d) Morphine

Opium derivative is ………………… (a) Codeine (b) Caffeine (c) Heroin(d) Psilocybin

Distinguish between the following :FSH and LH

What is Embryogenesis?

What do you mean by Zygote?

What is the Internal Fertilization?

What is the External fertilization?

What is Parthenogenesis ?

Syngamy means:(a) Fusion of similar spores(b) Fusion of dissimilar spores(c) Fusion of cytoplasm(d) Fusion of gametes

What is Fertilization?

Explain the term Syngamy.

What is meant by pistillate?

Explain the term Staminate.

Explain the term Pistillate.

Explain the Pistillate.

Distinguish between the following :Adenohypophysis and neurohypophysis.

An element A reacts with water to form a compound B which is used in white washing. The compound B on heating forms an oxide C which on treatment with water gives back B. Identify A, B, and C and give the reactions involved.

What is adenohypophysis ? Name the hormones secreted by it.

Which of the following is NOT caused by unsterilized needles? (a) Elephantiasis (b) AIDS (e) Malaria (d) Hepatitis

Describe, in brief, an account of disorders of adrenal gland.

Describe in brief an account of disorders of the thyroid. OR What are the functional disorders of thyroid gland? Describe in brief.

Explain action of steroid hormones and proteinous hormones. ORExplain the mode of action of steroid hormones.

Explain the fees back mechanism to regulate the action of the hormones with the help of one suitable example.

a) Locate and name the water reservoirs in the given Figures (a) and (b). (b) Which has an advantage over the other and why?

Write three main function of the nervous system.

Define reflex action. give one example. Show with the help of a flow diagram the path of the reflex action.

Which of the following statements is not correct.(i) Some antiseptics can be added to soaps.(ii) Dilute solutions of some disinfectants can be used as antiseptic.(iii) Disinfectants are antimicrobial drugs.(iv) Antiseptic medicines can be ingested.

Which is the correct statement about birth control pills?(i) Contain estrogen only.(ii) Contain progesterone only.(iii) Contain a mixture of estrogen and progesterone derivatives.(iv) Progesterone enhances ovulation.

State why the temperature of the reaction mixture of HNO3 is not allowed to rise above 200°C.

Write a balanced equation for – Ferric hydroxide reacts with nitric acid.

Rewrite the correct statement with the missing word/s: Magnesium reacts with nitric acid to liberate hydrogen gas.

Which of the following is an amorphous solid?(i) Graphite (C)(ii) Quartz glass (SiO2)(iii) Chrome alum(iv) Silicon carbide (SiC)

Which of the following is not a characteristic of a crystalline solid? (i) Definite and characteristic heat of fusion. (ii) Isotropic nature. (iii) A regular periodically repeated pattern of arrangement of constituent particles in the entire crystal. (iv) A true solid

Write a displacement reaction for non-metal.

A student performed the following displacement reaction:Fe(s) + CUSO4(aq) → FeSO4(aq) + Cu(s)Zn(s) + FeSO4(aq) →ZnSO4(ag) + Fe(s)2Al(s) + 3ZnSO4(aq) → Al2(SO4)3(aq)+ 3Zn(s)Arrange Fe, Zn, Al and Cu in the decreasing order of reactivity on the basis of above reaction.

What do you mean by Concentrated & Dilute acids ?