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We can say that the attitude of the society is changed. Widows are treated equally with other women. Their elders are only arranging remarriages for them.

We can say that the attitude of the society is changed. Widows are treated equally with other women. Their elders are only arranging remarriages for them. Men are also taking a step forward to marry them. They are treated equally except in some religious traditions like marriages etc.

1. Girls are not encouraged for higher education. 

2. Girls are not permitted to far off places for education. 

3. Some courses are only meant for boys.

The relative measure of skewness is called the coefficient of skewness. It is the ratio of skewness to the dispersion. It is denoted by ‘j’. Usually the range of its value is -1 to 1. But when mode is undefined then its range is -3 to 3.

If the frequency curve of a frequency distribution is not bell-shaped, then we say that a frequency distribution is skewed.

If the right tail of the frequency curve of a frequency distribution is more enlongated, we say that the frequency distribution is positively skewed and if the left tail of the frequency curve is more enlongated, we say that the frequency distribution is negatively skewed.

S_k = – 2.8, M₀ = 48.8, x̄ =?
Now, S_k = x̄ – M₀
∴ -2.8 = x̄ – 48.8
∴ 48.8 – 2.8 = x̄
∴ x̄ = 46

In a skewed frequency distribution the position of median is always between the mean and mode.

Population A:

x̄ = 56, M₀ = 60, s = 24

Coefficient of skewness:

j = \(\frac{3\bar x−M_0}{s}\)

= \(\frac{56−60}{24}\)

= \(\frac{−4}{24}\) = -0.17

Population B:

x̄ = 56, M = 60, s = 30

Coefficient of skewness:

j = \(\frac{3\bar x−M_0}{s}\)

= \(\frac{3\{56-60\}}{30}\)

= \(\frac{3(−4)}{30}\) = -0.17

For population A, j = -0.17 and for population B, j = – 0.4. Therefore population A is more nearer to symmetry.

Note: For comparison signs of j are ignored.

Correct option is (b) Less than mode

The frequency distribution In which the observations are evenly distributed on both the sides of mode Is called symmetric frequency distribution.

Characteristics of symmetric frequency distribution:

• The values of mean, median and mode are same, i.e., x = M = M₀
• Quartiles Q₁ and Q₃ are equidistant from median M. i.e., (Q₃ – M) = (M – Q₁).
• The frequency curve is bell-shaped.
• The frequency of observation at equal distance on both the sides of mode is evenly distributed.

Here, j = 0.85; x̄ = M₀ + 3.4; s² =?

Now, j = \(\frac{\bar x−M_0}{s}\)

∴ 0.85 = \(\frac{M_o+3.4−M_o}{s}\)

∴ 0.85s = 3.4

∴ s = \(\frac{3.4}{0.85}\)

∴ s = 4

Now, variance = s²

∴ variance = (4)² = 16

Two characteristics of skewed distribution are :

1. The values of mean, median are not equal in it and
2. both quartiles Q₁ and Q₃ are not equidistant form the median i.e., (Q₃ – M) ≠ (M – Q₁).

Two characteristics of symmetric distribution are :

(1) Its frequency curve is bell-shaped.

(2) The values of mean, median and mode are equal in it.

The types of skewness are two ;

(1) Positive skewness ; The right tail of the frequency curve is more enlongated. and

(2) Negative skewness ; The left tail of the frequency curve is more enlongated.

OCR is used to translate scanned images of handwritten, type written or special type of font printed on a conventional paper.

Animation is a sequential series of images that create an illusion of motion.

If I go to a village, I will find Water-thirsty lands and their owners longing for rains. I will also . find some farmers trying to coax their borewell owners to provide necessaiy water for their little vegetable garden to help them eke out a living. I will also find young children getting ready to go to school. There would be hens busy searching for their breakfast or chanticleers announcing their supremacy on the rooftops.

Yes, I do go for morning walks with my classmate Ragu. I live in Chennai. We go to the beach for the walk. We come across policemen, doctors, aged people and some small children too briskly engaged in long walks. They enjoy the morning sun at the back drop of the golden sea. Also I find a host of vendors selling vegetable soups, bittergourd soup and nourishing drinks on the seashore. There are points where pure water is sold in glasses. The spring dug out a few hundred metres near the sea is really sweet. I find one ‘Green volunteer group’ collecting all plastic garbage and cleaning the beach.

(C) James Rennel

Answer is (C) 1902

Answer is (C) British

(B) Cartography

Answer is (B) Atlas

(C) Isolines

(C) Light blue

Relief features mean the high and low places on the surface of a Planet

Answer is (A) thematic

Satellite imageries are the photographs of the earth taken by the artificial satellites launched into the space. These are used in many ways: map making, planning, meteorology, forestry, warfare etc

Maps: 

A map is used by geographers to show features that we consider important. 

(Or) 

A map actually is a model of a place giving those features that the map maker considers to be of importance. 

Photographs: 

A photograph may not be able to show you the features of a place like a map.

1. Relief feature means the high and low places on the surface of the earth. 

2. The main relief features are: 

hills, valleys, plateaus, plains, river basins, rocky and sandy places.

1. A map which focuses on only one aspect is called “Thematic Map”, 

e.g :

 Political Maps, Physical Maps etc. 

2. We should have the knowledge of different kinds of symbols, colours and patterns which are used on thematic maps. 

e.g : 

Dark Grey – Mountain Black – Boundary. 

3. Then only we can read Thematic maps.

(C) Aerial photography

Chief Minister is the leader of the ruling party. He/She is elected out of the total members of the party gaining majority in the general election. He/she is the executive head of the government. He/She is responsible for every action of the government. He/she also coordinates between the government at the centre and the state

(A) Geographical maps

(A) contour lines

From the question it is given that,

Total coins the advisor get at the end = 1 + 3 + 5 +…..

The coins order is in the series of odd natural number,

So, the number of terms (n) = 30

Then,

Sum of odd natural numbers = n²

= 30²

= 900

∴ Total coins the advisor get at the end is 900.

(c) (i) and (ii) are correct

The society wants rapid industrialization of the economy as the main key to economic development, improving living standards and economic sovereignty.

1. Infernos 

2. Aditya Birla Company 

3. Tata Group of Companies

1. National Thermal Power Corporation (NTPC)

2. Oil and Natural Gas Commission (ONGC)

3. Steel Authority of India Limited (SAIL)

1. The sector, which is engaged in the activities of providing government goods and services to the general public is known as Public Sector.

2. The enterprises, agencies, and bodies are fully owned, controlled and run by the government whether it is central government, state government or a local government.

The objectives of Public Sector:

1. To promote rapid economic development through creation and expansion of infrastructure

2. To generate financial resources for development 

3. To promote redistribution of income and wealth

4. To create employment opportunities

1. Administration by a Government Department:

• It is very common almost in all countries.
• Example: Post and Telegraph, Railways, Port Trust, Irrigation Projects on India etc.,

2. The Joint sector companies:

• It is governed by a company law and controlled by the Government as principal major share holders.
• Example – Indian Oil Personas pvt ltd, Indian Oil Sky tanking Limited. Ratting Gas and Power Private Limited Indian Synthetic Rubber Limited.

3. Public Corporation:

• This type of organization is the establishment of public corporation by the state of the parliament of legislature.
• Example – LIC, Air India, The Reserve bank of India, Electricity Board.

Public Sector:

1. Ownership of industries is with government 

2. Public Revenue Depends upon levy of taxes, on income and commodities and services

3. Public sector ensures the proper wage

4. It does not allow to concentrate huge wealth in few hands or rich people

Eg – NLC, SAIL, BSNL. 

5. No tax evasion 

6. It is service oriented 

7. Reservations are implemented. Priority is given to the socially backward people

Private Sector: 

1. Ownership of industries is with private individuals 

2. Issuing shares and debentures or by taking loan 

3. Private sector exploits the workers. 

4. It allows concentrate of huge wealth in few hands or rich people

Eg-TVS Motors, Ashok Leyland, TATA Steel. 

5. Tax evasion is possible 

6. It is purely profit oriented

7. It does not care the socially backward class, Reservation is not followed.

1. The segment of a national economy that is owned, controlled and managed by private individuals or enterprises is known as Private sector. 

2. The private sector companies are divided on the basis of sizes.

3. They can be created in two ways, i.e. either by the formation of a new enterprise or by the privatization of any public sector enterprise.

The three organs of public sector are:

1. Administration by a Government Department

2. The Joint sector companies

3. Public Corporation

History of Public Sector: 

1. When India achieved independence in 1947, it was primarily an agricultural country with a weak industrial base. It is established for their own economic interest and rule the subcontinent with brute force. 

2. The first Industrial Policy Resolution announced in 1948 laid down broad contours of the strategy of industrial development.

3. The Planning Commission was formed in March 1950 and the Industrial Act was enacted in 1951.

4. Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru believed that the establishment of basic and heavy industry was fundamental to the development and modernisation of the Indian economy.

5. His vision was carried forward by Dr. V. Krishnamurthy and the Indian statistician Mahalanobis.

6. The 1991 industrial policy allowed greater freedom to the private sector and foreign direct investment was invited from business houses outside india.

7. Thus, multinational corporations gained entry into the Indian economy.

8. Thus, we have public sector units, private sector enterprises and multinational Coexisting in Indian economy.

Public sector plays a major role in the development of any economy.

It has following importance:

1. Public Sector and Capital Formation: 

• The role of public sector in collecting, saving and investing them during the planning period has been very important.

2. Economic Development:

• Economic development mainly depends upon industrial development.
• Heavy and basic industries like Iron and steel, shipping, mining, etc. are required for supplying raw materials to small industries.

3. Balanced Regional Development:

• Public enterprises have developed the backward areas thereby bringing about complete transformation in the socioeconomic life of the people in these regions.

4. Employment generation:

• Public sector has created millions of jobs to tackle the unemployment problem in the country.
• The number of persons employed during the year 2011 was 150 lake.

5. Export Promotion and Foreign Exchange Earnings:

• Some public enterprises have done much to promote India’s export.
• The State Trading Corporation (STC). The Minerals and Metals Trading Corporation (MMTC) have done very well in export promotion.

6. Protection to Sick Industries:

• Public sector takes over the sick industries and prevent many people from getting unemployed.
• It also prevents unnecessary locking of capital, land, building, machinery,etc.

7. Import Substitution:

• Some public sector enterprises were started specifically to save foreign exchange.
• The ONGC, the Indian Oil Corporation Ltd., the Bharat Electronics Ltd., etc., have saved foreign exchange by way of import substitution.