Explore topic-wise InterviewSolutions in Current Affairs.

This section includes 7 InterviewSolutions, each offering curated multiple-choice questions to sharpen your Current Affairs knowledge and support exam preparation. Choose a topic below to get started.

1.

Explain the term Gametogenesis .

Answer»

Gametogenesis: The process of formation of gametes.

2.

वायुकोषों के समूह का नाम है(क) कण्ठ(ख) फेफड़े(ग) श्वासनली(घ) श्वसन तन्त्र

Answer»

सही विकल्प है (ख) फेफड़े

3.

श्वास क्रिया की दर से क्या अभिप्राय है?

Answer»

श्वसन-क्रिया सामान्यतः एक अनैच्छिक क्रिया है। एक सामान्य रूप से स्वस्थ व्यक्ति में यह क्रिया 15-18 बार प्रति मिनट की दर से होती है। शिशु अवस्था में इसकी दर काफी अधिक (25-40 बार प्रति मिनट तक) होती है। यदि समय का आकलन किया जाए तो प्रत्येक वयस्क व्यक्ति प्रति 4 सेकण्ड में यह क्रिया एक बार करता है। इसमें 1.5 सेकण्ड प्र:श्वसन के लिए तथा 2.5 सेकण्ड नि:श्वसन के लिए होता है। श्वसन क्रिया की इस दर को आवश्यकतानुसार नियमित तथा संचालित करने का दायित्व मस्तिष्क में स्थित एक जोड़े श्वास केन्द्र का होता है। ये केन्द्र श्वसन-क्रिया से सम्बन्धित विभिन्न प्रकार की पेशियों, पसलियों तथा तन्तुपट आदि के संकुचन एवं शिथिलन पर नियन्त्रण बनाए रखते हैं।

दौड़ने, भागने, व्यायाम करने, खेलने-कूदने अथवा अन्य शारीरिक कार्य करने पर श्वास-दर बढ़ जाती है। ज्वर आदि की स्थिति में भी श्वास-दर में वृद्धि हो जाती है। इसका कारण है-उपर्युक्त दशाओं में अधिक ऊर्जा की खपत होने के कारण अधिक एवं अतिरिक्त ऊर्जा की आवश्यकता। श्वसन-क्रिया पूर्णरूप से अनैच्छिक क्रिया है, परन्तु उसे व्यायाम, योगाभ्यास आदि के द्वारा आंशिक रूप से ऐच्छिक बनाया जा सकता है।

4.

स्वस्थ श्वसन के लिए हमें क्या करना चाहिए?

Answer»

स्वस्थ श्वसन के लिए निम्नलिखित बातें आवश्यक हैं

⦁    हमें सदैव नाक से श्वास लेना चाहिए। इससे शुद्ध एवं गर्म वायु फेफड़ों को उपलब्ध होती है।
⦁    अधिक शुद्ध वायु को अन्दर लेने के लिए हमें अधिकतम प्र:श्वसन करना चाहिए तथा अधिक गैसीय-विनिमय के लिए फेफड़ों में थोड़ा प्र:श्वसन वायु को रोकना चाहिए।
⦁    प्रत्येक दिन अनेक बार कुछ देर तक लम्बी-लम्बी श्वासे लेनी चाहिए। ये फेफड़ों के लिए स्वास्थ्यप्रद रहती हैं।
⦁    आवासीय व्यवस्था के आस-पास हरे-भरे पेड़-पौधे लगाने चाहिए। इससे हमें अधिक ऑक्सीजनयुक्त शुद्ध वायु प्राप्त होती है।

5.

मुँह से साँस लेना क्यों हानिकारक है ?

Answer»

मुँह से साँस लेने से दूषित एवं ठण्डी वायु श्वसन-तन्त्र में पहुंच जाती है। इससे गले एवं श्वसन-तन्त्र के संक्रमण की आशंका रहती है।

6.

व्यायाम से श्वसन-क्रिया पर पड़ने वाले दो प्रभाव लिखिए।

Answer»

व्यायाम से श्वसन की दर बढ़ जाती है तथा व्यक्ति अधिक मात्रा में बाहरी वायु को ग्रहण करती है। इसमें अधिक मात्रा में ऑक्सीजन भी प्राप्त होती है।

7.

पार्क या उद्यान में साँस को लाभ बताएँ।

Answer»

पार्क या उद्यान में साँस लेने से व्यक्ति को पर्याप्त मात्रा में शुद्ध तथा ऑक्सीजन युक्त वायु मिल जाती है। इसका व्यक्ति के स्वास्थ्य पर अच्छा प्रभाव पड़ता है।

8.

वक्षीय गुहा के फूलने व पिचकने से क्या लाभ हैं?

Answer»

वक्षीय गुहा के फूलने व पिचकने से फेफड़ों को फूलने व पिचकने के लिए स्थान मिलता है।

9.

वायुकोष पाये जाते हैं(क) श्वास नली में(ख) हृदय में(ग) फेफड़ों में(घ) वृक्क में

Answer»

सही विकल्प है (ग) फेफड़ों में

10.

कौन-सा अंग श्वसन-तन्त्र का भाग नहीं होता है?(क) नाक(ख) फेफड़े(ग) यकृत/हाथ(घ) श्वास-नली

Answer»

सही विकल्प है (ग) यकृत/हाथ

11.

श्वसन तन्त्र के किन्हीं तीन मुख्य अंगों के नाम लिखिए।

Answer»

श्वसन तन्त्र के तीन मुख्य अंग हैं नासिका, श्वासनली तथा फेफड़े।

12.

श्वसन तन्त्र से क्या आशय है?

Answer»

श्वसन-क्रिया में भाग लेने वाले विभिन्न अंगों की व्यवस्था को श्वसन-तन्त्र कहा जाता है।

13.

खेल भावना से आप क्या समझते हैं?

Answer»

जब हम कोई भी खेल खेलते हैं, तो उसमें हारते हैं या जीतते हैं। हमारा पूरा प्रयास होता है कि हम जीतें। पर सदैव ऐसा नहीं हो पाता। अगर हम जीतते हैं तो हमें हारने वाले खिलाड़ी के प्रयास की सराहना करनी चाहिए। इसी प्रकार हारने पर हमें जीतने वाले खिलाड़ी को बधाई देनी चाहिए। हार को विनम्रतापूर्वक स्वीकार कर पुन: तैयारी में जुट जाना चाहिए। जीतने पर अहंकार नहीं होना चाहिए। हमें प्रतिद्वन्दी खिलाड़ियों के प्रति मन में ईर्ष्या-द्वेष का भाव नहीं रखना चाहिए, बल्कि उनसे सीखने का प्रयास करना चाहिए। यही खेल भावना है।

14.

राष्ट्रगान की रचना किसने की थी ? राष्ट्रगान गाते समय किन-किन बातों को । ध्यान में रखना चाहिए ?

Answer»

राष्ट्रगान की रचना गुरु रवीन्द्रनाथ टैगोर ने की थी। राष्ट्रगाने गाते समय निम्न बातों को ध्यान रखना चाहिए

1. राष्ट्रगान के समय सावधान की मुद्रा में खड़ा होना चाहिए।

2. राष्ट्रगान गाते समय हिलना-डुलना व बातें करना मना है।

3. राष्ट्रगान सही-सही गाना चाहिए।

4. राष्ट्रगान 52 सेकण्ड में पूरा होना चाहिए।

15.

खेल के मैदान में राष्ट्र ध्वज को देखकर आपको क्या प्रेरणा मिलती है?

Answer»

खेल के मैदान में राष्ट्र ध्वज को देखकर हमें देशभक्ति, त्याग व बलिदान, ध्वज के प्रति सम्मान करने की प्रेरणा मिलती है।

16.

खेल में अनुशासन होना क्यों आवश्यक है?

Answer»

खेल भावना तथा अनुशासन एक-दूसरे के पूरक हैं। प्रत्येक खेल के कुछ नियम होते हैं। इन नियमों का पालन करते हुए ही हम खेलकर जीतने का प्रयास करते हैं। अनुशासन हमारे जीवन को व्यवस्थित बनाता है। अतः खेल में अनुशासन होना अत्यन्त आवश्यक है। हमें खेल, शिक्षा, समाज आदि सभी क्षेत्रों में अनुशासन का परिचय देना चाहिए।

17.

Midbrain connects the forebrain and hindbrain. Write its role in CNS.

Answer»

Midbrain connects forebrain to the hindbrain. It controls the movement of the head, neck and trunk to locate sounds and visual reflexes that are involved in focusing on the objects.

It controls reflex that are involved in movement of eye muscles, pupil size etc

18.

Given reason :A sudden drop in active absorption of minerals is noticed if roots are deprived of oxygen supply.

Answer»

1. Absorption of mineral ions from soil against concentration gradient is known as active absorption. 

2. It requires energy (ATP) for absorption by absorbing root cell. 

3. The source of energy is respiration of cells for supply of ATE 

4. When the roots are deprived of oxygen, their respiration process is affected and thus energy is not supplied in required amount. Hence, a sudden drop in absorption of minerals is noticed.

19.

Given reason :In Donnan equilibrium of passive absorption of minerals concentration of cations increases inside the cell.

Answer»

1. Minerals exist in soil in the form of charged particles. 

2. Certain negatively charged (anions) get accumulated on the inner side of cell membrane after their entry inside cell. 

3. These anions cannot diffuse out through semipermeable cell membrane. 

4. Thus additional mobile cautions are needed inside the cell to balance these fixed anions. 

5. Hence, the concentration of cations increases inside the cell.

20.

Distinguish between the following :Passive absorption of Minerals and Active absorption of minerals.

Answer»
Passive absorption of mineralsActive absorption of minerals
1. The movement of mineral ions into root cells due to diffusion, without expenditure of energy is called passive absorption.1. The uptake of mineral ions by root cells that requires expenditure of ATP energy is known as active absorption.
2. The movement is according to concentration gradient.2. The movement of mineral ions is against concentration gradient.
3. It takes place by direct ion exchange, diffusion, indirect ion exchange – mass flow and Donnan equilibrium.3. It takes place by mineral ion accumulation in root hair and carrier concept.
21.

What is growth? What are its characteristics ?

Answer»

Growth : Growth is a vital process which brings about an irreversible increase in an organism or its part with respect to its size, weight, form and volume.

Characteristics of growth:

1. Growth is a permanent increase in size, weight, shape, volume and dry weight of a plant. 

2. The change occurring due to growth is permanent and irreversible. 

3. Growth is an intrinsic process caused due to internal activities. 

4. Growth occurs by cell division and cell elongation followed by cell maturation which lead to the formation of different types of tissues. 

5. Growth in plants is mostly localized, i.e. restricted to some regions of plants possessing meristematic tissues or meris terns. 

6. Growth has a qualitative aspect where development takes place in an orderly manner and differentiation leads to higher and more complex state.

22.

What are Probiotics?

Answer»
  • Probiotics are live microorganisms that when administered in adequate amounts confer health benefit on the host. 
  • Eg: Yoghurt is a probiotic food. It contains Lactobacillus species.
  • It maintains gut flora in humans and maintains good health.
23.

Given reason :2, 4-D is used as herbicide.

Answer»

1. 2, 4-D is a synthetic auxin which kills dicot weeds. 

2. Our most of the food crops are cereals, i.e. monocot plants. 

3. Weeds are unwanted plants which otherwise lower the productivity hence to kill them. Selective herbicide is used.

24.

Explain the various conditions of growth that are essential.

Answer»

1. For a proper growth of plant various environmental and physiological conditions are necessary. 

2. Carbon/Nitrogen ratio in soil is having effect on growth as both carbon and nitrogen are structural elements in carbohydrates, proteins and other biomolecules. 

3. Water is essential component of protoplasm and required for turgidity of cells during cell enlargement phase. It is a medium in which various biochemical reactions ocfcur. 

4. Nutrients are necessary for proper growth. Macronutrients and micronutrients have their specific role. 

5. Temperature of 25 – 35 °C is optimum for growth. 

6. Light is essential for seed germination and photosynthesis. 

7. Oxygen is necessary for respiration and supply of energy. 

8. Gravitational force decides direction of growth for root system and shoot system. 

9. Growth hormones are organic compounds that are involved in various physiological aspects and control of growth.

25.

Given reason :Water is essential for growth in plants.

Answer»

1. Meristematic cells divide and form new cells. 

2. Absorption of water is necessary for maintaining turgidity in the newly formed cells. 

3. Turgidity results in enlargement of cells in phase of cell elongation.

4. Water is essential component of protoplasm of cells. 

5. biochemical reactions. Therefore it is essential for growth in plants.

26.

Which bacteria is called a super bug?

Answer»
  • A bacterium named Pseudomonas putida is a superbug genetically engineered which breakdown hydrocarbons.
27.

Which of the following is not an essential element for plant? (a) Sulphur (b) Boron (c) Iron (d) Cadmium

Answer»

Correct answer is (d) Cadmium

28.

How does Agrobacterium help in genetic Engineering?

Answer»
  • Agrobacterium tumefaciens causes crown gall disease in plants but its inherent tumour inducing principle helps to carry the desired gene into the plant through Genetic engineering.
29.

New phages are not formed in lysogenic cycle. Explain.

Answer»
  • The integrated phage DNA (Prophage) activity is supressed by repressor proteins which checks the synthesis of new phage.
30.

Give definitions of the following :Photomorphogenesis

Answer»

The control of morphogenesis of plants by light and phytochrome is photomorphogenesis.

31.

Give definition of the following :Symptom or hunger sign

Answer»

Any visible deviation from the normal structure and function of the plant is called symptom or hunger sign.

32.

Give definition of the following :Critical photoperiod

Answer»

That length of photoperiod above or below which the plant shows flowering is critical photoperiod.

33.

Name the following :Nitrogen fixing prokaryotic organisms.

Answer»

Diazotrophs or Nitrogen fixers.

34.

Name the following :Common amides present in plants.

Answer»

Asparagine and Glutamine.

35.

Arithmetic growth and Geometric growth.

Answer»
Arithmetic growthGeometric growth
1. In arithmetic growth only one daughter cell continues to divide, while the other undergoes differentiation and maturation.1. In geometric growth both the daughter cells continue to divide and redivide again and again.
2. Rate of growth is constant.2 Rate growth is initially slow but later on rapid rate.
3. Linear curve is obtained.3. Exponential curve is obtained.
4. Mathematical expression is Lt = Lo + rt where Lt = length of time ‘t’ Lo = Length at time zero rt = growth rate, t = time of growth4. Mathematical expression is Wt = Woert where, Wt = final size, Wo = initial size, r = growth rate, t = time of growth E = base of natural logarithm
5. e.g. Elongation of root5. e.g. Divisions of zygote during embryo development.
36.

Arithmetic growth in plants shows ……………….. graph. (a) Sigmoid (b) J-shaped (c) linear (d) elliptical

Answer»

Correct answer is (c) linear

37.

Give full form of IAA.

Answer»

Full form is Indole Acetic Acid.

38.

Give the equations of amino acid synthesis.

Answer»

1. Macromolecule proteins are made up of building blocks of amino acids. 2. Amino acids are synthesized by two methods – Reductive animation and transamination.

3. Reductive amination – Ammonia reacts with alpha keto glutaric acid to form glutamic acid.

\(\alpha\) ketoglutric acid + NH4 + NaDPH2 \(\overset{Glutamate\,dehydrogenase}\longrightarrow\) + Glutamate +H2O + NADP

4. Transamination – Amino group of one amino acid is transferred to other carboxylic acid at keto position.

Glutamate acid + Oxaloacetic acid \(\underset{Aminobansferease}{\stackrel{Glutamate\,Aspartate}{\longrightarrow}}\) Asportic + \(\infty\) Ketoglutaric acid

39.

Name the following :Methods of synthesis of amino acids.

Answer»

Reductive animation and Transamination.

40.

In vascular plants, growth takes place due to ………………..(a) conducting tissues (b) embryo (c) meristems (d) stem cell

Answer»

Correct answer is (c) meristems

41.

Which plant organ does show both arithmetic and geometric growth?

Answer»

Embryo that develops from zygote inside the seed shows initially the growth which is geometric and later on arithmetic.

42.

What is the role of growth hormones in plants?

Answer»

Growth hormones inhibit, promote or modify the growth in plants.

43.

Explain lag phase, log phase and steady phase of growth.

Answer»

1. In plants, growth curve is always sigmoid, i.e. S-shaped. This is because growth starts slowly during formative phase, becomes rapid during elongation phase and finally slows down to a steady state during the maturation phase.

2. The standard growth curve shows three phases, viz. lag phase, log phase and stationary phase. 

(i) Lag phase or initial growth phase : This is the initial phase of growth. During this phase of growth, the rate of growth is slow. It corresponds to formative phase of growth where new cells are formed due to cell division.

(ii) Log phase or exponential phase : This is the second phase of growth. During this phase, the growth is rapid and maximum. It corresponds to the phase of cell elongation. 

(iii) Stationary phase or steady phase : The stationary phase is the third and last phase of growth. In this phase, growth slows down and becomes steady. The cells undergo differentiation during stationary phase.

44.

A newspaper report read like this.“Conventional agricultural products like cereals, pulses and other seeds may not be able to meet the demand of food according to the increase in population. So focus has to be shifted to alternate food sources like SCP’s.a) What are SCP’s?b) Give one example of SCP’s.c) What are the advantages of SCP’s?

Answer»

(a) Single cell protein. It is alternative food source human consumption

(b) Spirulina

(c) They are protein rich food besides carbohydrate, fat and minerals.

45.

Raju went to a Rice Research station on his study tour. There he noticed a scientist working on rice plants using scissors and forceps. To his surprise he saw the scientist covering the inflorescences with paper bags.(a) Name the techniques the scientist was doing.(b) Give the purpose of these techniques.

Answer»

(a) Emasculation & Bagging

(b) It helps to prevent the contamination of unwanted pollen

46.

Several South Indian states raise 2-3 crops of rice annually. The agronomic feature that makes this possible is because ofa. shorter rice plantb. better irrigation facilitiesc. early yielding rice varietyd. disease resistant rice variety

Answer» c. early yielding rice variety
47.

Which one of the following is not a fungal disease?a. Rust of wheatb. Smut of Bajrac. Black rot of crucifersd. Red rot of sugarcane

Answer» c. Black rot of crucifers
48.

Based on location, plants have these three types of meristems. (a) Basal, Intercalary and Lateral (b) Apical, Basal and Lateral (c) Apical, Interfascicular and Lateral (d) Apical, Intercalary, Lateral

Answer»

Correct answer is (d) Apical, Intercalary, Lateral

49.

In virus-infected plants the meristematic tissues in both apical and axillary buds are free of virus because:a. the dividing cells are virus resistantb. meristems have anti viral compoundsc. the cell division of meristems are faster than the rate of viral multiplicationd. Viruses cannot multiply within meristem cell (s).

Answer»

c. the cell division of meristems are faster than the rate of viral multiplication

50.

Define live stock.

Answer»

Domesticated animals which are raised for use or profit are collectively called livestock.