Explore topic-wise InterviewSolutions in Current Affairs.

i.Bactericidal: antibiotics which kill organisms in the body Ex. Penicillin 

ii. Bacteriostatic: antibiotics which inhibit the growth of microorganisms in the body. Ex.Tetracycline

Nimbostratus and cumulonimbus type of clouds give rain.

The condensation of the water vapour in the air occurs around the minute particles of dust or salt in the air.

1. The amount of water vapour in 1 cu.m, of air is called the absolute humidity.

2. Absolute humidity is measured with the help the following formula: 

Absolute humidity

= \(\cfrac{Mass\,of \,water\,vapour}{Volume\,of\,air}\)

3. The amount of water vapour present in air expressed as a percentage of the amount needed for saturation at the same temperature is called relative humidity.

4. Relative humidity is measured with the help of the following formula: Relative humidity (%)

= \(\cfrac{Absolute\,humidity}{Vapour\,holding\,capacity}\) x 100

A. Meaning:

A visible mass of fine particles of ice and water accumulated around the dust particles in the air at high altitude is called a cloud.

B. Types: 

The following are the types of clouds:

1. High clouds: Clouds at an altitude of 7000 m to 14000 m are considered as high clouds. Cirrus, Cirro-Stratus and Cirro Cumulus are high clouds. 

2. Medium clouds: Clouds at an altitude of 2000 m to 7000 m are considered as medium clouds. Alto-Stratus and Alto Cumulus are medium clouds. 

3. Low clouds: Clouds at an altitude of less than 2000m are considered as low clouds. Strato Cumulus, Stratus, Nimbostratus, Cumulus and Cumulonimbus are low clouds

Because wavelength of light is very small.

Interference and polarisation.

The object is  at 2F₁.

(a) continuously decreases in outward direction.

Here, s = 0.072 N/m

r = 0.5 mm = 0.5 × 10^-3 m.

Let R be the radius of big drop formed.

Volume of the big drop = volume of 8 small drops.

\(\frac{4}{3}\)π R³ = 8 × \(\frac{4}{3}\)πr³

or R = 2 r = 2 × 0.5 × 10^-3 = 10^-3 m

Surface area of big drop :

= 4π R² = 4π × (10^-3 )²

= 4π × 10^-6m²

Surface area of 8 small drops:

= 8 × 4π × r²

= 8 × 4π × (0.5 × 10^-3 )²

= 8π × 10^-6m²

Energy evolved = S.T × decrease in area.

= 0.072 × 4π × 10^-6 = 9.05 × 10⁷J.

Strain is the ratio of same physical quantities of same dimension hence it is dimensionless.
∴ Dimension of strain = [M⁰L⁰T⁰]

Rubber, Glass, Copper, Steel.

For solids the modulus of elasticity is very high hence they are less compressible or more rigid. Therefore, to generate small difference in length of these materials more force is required. Steel is more elastic than copper, brass or aluminium.

As the refractive index for red is less than that for blue, parallel beams of light incident on a lens will be bent more towards the axis for blue light compared to red. Thus the focal length for blue light will be smaller than that for red.

When a wire is stretched, the internal reactive force comes in to play which opposes this action. Hence to overcome this opposing force, work is done. This work is stored in the form of elastic energy in the wire.

A substance is in equilibrium position in the original form due to the effect of interatomic force. When external force is applied on any substance then as a result there is change in the shape or size or both of the substance and the internal reactive force is produced in the substance. When external forces are removed then due to internal reactive forces, the substance regains its original configuration. These interrial reactive forces are called restoring or resitution force.

The ratio of stress to strain for any given material is called modulus of elasticity.

The ratio of lateral strain to longitudinal strain is called Poisson’s ratio.

An economic problem is the problem of choice which arises because of limited resources and unlimited wants and the alternative uses of resources. The scarcity of resources is the main cause for this economic problem.

It is one of the methods of study of economics in which the conclusions are drawn from the general to the particular or from the universal to the individual.

The basic functions of any economy are Production, Consumption, Distribution, Exchange, Economic planning and Social welfare.

Income effect is the part of the price effect. When the price of a commodity falls, real income of the individual increases. As a result, more of the goods will be bought and his demand increases. This part of the increase in demand due to increase in real income is income effect of a fall in the price of a good on its demand.

An economy is a mechanism through which the scarce resources are prioritized and organized for the production of goods and services. It also refers to a geographical-area where economic activities take place.

The condition is 

Marginal utility of a product /Marginal utility of a Rupee = its price

A consumer is in a state of equilibrium when he maximises his satisfaction by spending his given income on different goods and services, with a given set of prices.

An economic problem arises because of limited resources and unlimited wants and alternative uses of resources. While trying to allocate limited resources to satisfy unlimited wants, the problem of choice arises.

The study of a Sugar factory is a Micro-Economic study.

A point within the production possibility curve shows the under-utilization of resources.

Making the best utilization of scarce resources.

1. b) ahead of

2. c) along with

3. a) apart from

4. c) by means of

5. c) due to

6. b) In case of

7. a) for the sake of

8. a) in addition to

9. b) in place of

10. c) In spite of

She weaves her nest to hold her clutch.

Yes, it is true. Unless we approach the poet’s view this may be our last bright new world birthing. This may be our waving as we drown because only few species are in the list of endangered species at present. If this degrading of environment continues, many species will become endangered species and the existing endangered species might have been extinct like dinosaurs.

The hazard we are facing nowadays is global warming. Due to this problem, the snow mountains are melting rather than the normal level. The white bear survives in the gleaming snow. But the glaciers are not growing. So the white bear snuffles for its existence. The poet conveys through this line that the white bear is also in the list of endangered species as the environment is degrading and the white bear waits for all the life she’s making for the rehabilitation of the environment.

Wastes from our homes and factories are dumped into rivers, lakes, and seas causing water pollution. This affects the plants and animals living in the water. In this way deep in Ocean South, the whale became one of the endangered species. Their present status is near to extinction. So the poet said that the child could sing the final whale song.

1. (a) (✓)

2. (a) (✓)

Medora Chevalier focussed on the present endangered species like tiger, polar bear, thrush bird and whale. She expressed how animals would become extinct if they are not protected. In her approach it is very clear that we know the above mentioned species but for the next generations that species will be dreamer wake species as they are a few in number at present. If we do not protect the endangered species, it will be like our waving as we drown. It will be our last true moment.

The tip of the nib of a pen is split in order to provide a capillary which helps the ink to rise to the end of the nib and enables it to write continuously.

Humans are the dreamers here. They are apathetic and don’t bother about the extinction of endangered species.

(i) Both assertion and reason are correct statements, and reason is the correct explanation of the assertion. 

(i) Nitrogen

(i) Propanal and propanone 

CH₃ CH₂CHO + Ag₂O ────→ CH₃ CH₂COOH + Ag (silver mirror) Propanal

CH3 COCH₃ + Ag₂O ────→ no reaction Propanone

(ii) Phenol and benzoic acid

i. Phenol does not give sodium carbonate test whereas benzoic acid give this test. 

ii. Phenol give azo dye test , benzoic acid does not.

(a) Add ammonicaI solution of silver nitrate/Tollen's reagent to both the compounds, propanal will give silver mirror while propanone does not.

(b) Add NaHCO₃ solution to both the compounds, benzoic acid will give effervescence and liberate CO₂ while benzaldehyde will not.

(i) 5 moles of water. 

Mass of 1 mole of water (H₂O) = 18 g (2 + 16) 

Mass of 5 moles of H₂O = 18 × 5 = 90 g. 

(ii) 2 moles of ammonia. 

Mass of 1 mole of ammonia (NH₃) = 17 g (14 + 3) 

Mass of 2 moles of ammonia = 17 × 2 = 34 g.

(iii) 2 moles of glucose. 

Mass of 1 mole of glucose (C₆H₁₂O₆) = 180 g (72 + 12 + 96)

Mass of 2 moles of glucose = 180 × 2 = 360 g.

Molar volume = 22.4 dm³ = 2.24 × 10^-2 m³ 

2.24 × 10^-2 m³ of NH₃ at STP contains 6.023 × 10 ²³ NH₃ molecules.

:. 7 × 10^-3 m³ of NH₃ will contain

= \(\frac{6.023\times10^{23}}{2.24\times10^{-2}}\) x 7 x 10^-3

18.82 × 10²² NH₃ molecule

(i) 2 moles of a hydrogen molecule, H₂

Mass of 1 mole of hydrogen molecule = 2 g

Mass of 2 moles of hydrogen molecule = 2 × 2 = 4 g.

(ii) 3 moles of chlorine molecule, Cl₂ 

Mass of 1 mole of chlorine molecule = 71 g

Mass of 3 moles of chlorine molecules = 71 × 3 = 213 g.

(iii) 5 moles of sulphur molecule, S₈ 

Mass of 1 mole of sulphur molecule = 32 g 

Mass of 5 moles of sulphur molecules = 32 × 5 = 160 g. 

(iv) 4 moles of the phosphorous molecule, P 

Mass of 1 mole of phosphorous molecule = 30.97 g 

Mass of 4 moles of phosphorous molecules = 30.97 × 4 = 123.88 g.

H₂ is a homo diatomic molecule

(b) 4 g of H₂

HI, HCl, CO, HBr, HF.

The percentage of nitrogen in urea is about 46.6

(i) 12.046 × 10²³ atoms of copper 

6.023 × 10²³ atoms of copper = 1 mole 

12.046 × 10²³ atoms of copper = \(\frac{1\times12.046\times10^{23}}{6.023\times10^{23}}\)= 2 moles of copper 

(ii) 27.95 g of iron 

55.9 g of iron = 1 mole 

27.95 g of iron =  \(\frac{1}{55.9}\) x 27.95 = 0.5 mole of iron. 

(iii) 1.51 × 10²³ molecules of CO₂

No of mole = \(\frac{No.\,of\,molecules}{A\,vogadro\,number}\)

= \(\frac{1.51\times10^{23}}{6.023\times10^{23}}\)

= 0.25 mole of CO₂