Explore topic-wise InterviewSolutions in Current Affairs.

Correct Answer is: (d) Laziasm

i. Electron.

ii. Electric current.

iii. Electric resistance.

iv. Electric potential.

v. Work (and energy).

vi. Power.

vii. Electric energy.

viii. Resistor.

ix. Ammeter

x. Voltmeter.

Generator. It converts mechanical energy into electric energy. All others are related to safety measures to avoid mishap due to electricity.

Uses/applications of an electric motor:

1. In domestic appliances such as a mixer, a blender, a refrigerator and washing machine. 

2. In an electric fan, a hair dryer, a record player, a tape recorder and a blower. 

3. In an electric car, a rolling mill, an electric crane, an electric lift, a pump, a computer and an electric train.

Data: P = 100 W, I = 3 A, R = ?, P = I²R

∴ Resistance, R = \(\frac{P}{I^2}=\frac{100W}{(3A)^2}=\frac{100}{9}\Omega\) = 11.11 Ω

(a) The instrument shown in the figure is generator. 

(b) This machine is used to generate electricity. 

(c) The generator generates electricity through

following transformation:

Mechanical Energy → Electrical Energy

(b) Magnetic field in B is stronger.

[Explanation : The resistance in circuit B is less (parallel combination) than that in A. Hence, the current in B is more than that in A. Therefore, the magnetic field in B is stronger than that in A.]

We use some standard symbols to represent different components of a circuit.

Using symbols in a circuit makes it

• Easy to understand
• Quick to draw
• Clean and clear in appearance.

Chemical effect of electric current is used in electroplating.

(c) generation of a current in a coil due to relative motion between the coil and the magnet.

i. Intensity of magnetic field is expressed in oersted.

ii. Electromagnetic induction was discovered by Michael Faraday and independently by Joseph Henry.

iii. A galvanometer is used for detecting the presence of current in a circuit, as well as for some electrical measurements.

iv. In India, the frequency of alternating current is 50 Hz or 50 cycles per second.

v. Electric motor converts electric energy into mechanical energy.

vi. Electric generator converts mechanical energy into electric energy.

The process by which a changing magnetic field in a conductor induces a current in another conductor is called electromagnetic induction. A current can be induced in a conductor either by moving it in a magnetic field or by changing the magnetic field around the conductor. Electromagnetic induction was discovered by Michael Faraday in 1831 and independently by Joseph Henry in 1830.

[Note Michael Faraday (1792-1867), British chemist and physicist, discovered the laws of electrolysis, electromagnetic induction, and a magneto-optical effect now known as the Faraday effect. His discoveries also include benzene and the liquefaction of chlorine. Joseph Henry (1797-1878), US physicist, in addition to the dicovery of electromagnetic induction, invented and constructed the first practical electric motor.]

i. Intensity of magnetic field is expressed in oersted.

ii. Electromagnetic induction was discovered by Michael Faraday and independently by Joseph Henry.

iii. A galvanometer is used for detecting the presence of current in a circuit, as well as for some electrical measurements.

iv. In India, the frequency of alternating current is 50 Hz or 50 cycles per second.

v. Electric motor converts electric energy into mechanical energy.

vi. Electric generator converts mechanical energy into electric energy.

Correct option is (c) professional help

Correct option is (b) behaviour

Correct option is (a) depression

ALGEE is an action plan to carry out First Aid in Mental Health. 

(a) Approach, Assess and Assist in any crisis – An attempt is made to understand the situation and observe if there are behavioural changes in the person whom we are concerned about.

(b) Listen non-judgmentally – We should listen to the other person without letting our opinions influence us. We should not judge/ criticise but listen with acceptance and empathy. It does not imply that we agree with what the other person is saying but it ensures that the person feels supported.

(c) Give support and information – This helps the person to feel more in control of the situation since they have emotional and informational support.

(d) Encourage the person to get professional help – Persons suffering from mental illness may hesitate to seek help due to lack of knowledge or due to stigma attached. Others may not know how to respond to someone showing ‘red flags’ of mental illness and may do more harm than good. Mental health professionals are trained to help the person to identify the problem and cope with the situation.

(e) Encourage self-help and other support strategies – Self-help strategies are tasks that help to increase our resources to deal with stress and to maintain mental health such as exercise, adequate sleep, having hobbies, etc.

MHFA is an internationally recognized training programme whose objective is to teach people how to identify the signs and symptoms of mental health problems and to provide assistance on a first aid basis. 

(a) Stigma associated with mental health: 

Lack of understanding about mental illness makes us fear it. This lack of awareness leads us to blame the person for behaving inappropriately or showing personal failing.

(b) Shame: 

Often, a person who has been diagnosed with a mental illness is ridiculed or blamed. He/she experiences shame, withdraws from social interaction and does not reach out to others or seek help. Hence, it is beneficial to show understanding and provide support. 

(c) People do not always know how to respond: 

Most people may not respond in an adequate way to a mentally ill person who reaches out to them. Sometimes, their advice/help may do more harm than good. However, MHFA programme can help friends/family to identify early signs of mental illness and help the person to get professional help.

(d) People may not always seek professional help:

The main reasons for this is

1. Culture – Stigma attached to mental illness prevents people from seeking professional help as it may hurt the reputation of the family. 

2. Advice from elders – A mentally ill person may incorrectly believe that advice of elders alone is sufficient to cure his illness. 

3. Superstitions – If the person is convinced that his//her mental illness is caused due to sins/curses etc., they will not want to visit a mental health professional. Hence, they will be deprived of the benefits of early intervention.

Mental Health First Aid (MHFA) is an internationally recognized training programme designed to teach people how to identify the signs and symptoms of mental health problems and to provide assistance on a first aid basis. MHFA was originally developed by Betty Kitchener and Anthony Jorm.

First Aid in Mental Health is a concept based on the idea of ‘prevention is better than cure’. If the early signs of mental illness are recognized, it can help in the following ways.

1. Diagnosis – timely diagnosis at the onset of mental illness helps to prevent it from developing into a more severe form. 

2. Intervention – early intervention helps to get professional help. 

3. Relapse prevention – it prevent reoccurrence of symptom of the mental illness.

One of the major obstacles to getting help from a mental health professional is the stigma that is attached to mental illness. We fear things that we do not understand. In the same way, our lack of understanding of mental illness makes us fear it.

This lack of knowledge and awareness makes us-

1. Blame the individual, i.e., think that mental illness is a personal failing or weakness. 

2. Think that mental illness is caused as punishment for our sins. 

3. Think that the person is intentionally behaving in an inappropriate way.

The self help strategies that can be suggested to help him deal with excessive anxiety are

1. Engage in some activity that he always wanted to pursue for e.g., pottery, writing, sketching or voluntary social service.

2. Indulge in physical activity like exercise, outdoor games or trekking. 

3. Relaxation techniques like laughter therapy, meditation and breathing techniques.

Anxiety that is excessive or persists after the anxiety creating situation has subsided leads to anxiety disorders such as phobias, acute stress disorder, etc. 

Pre-dispositional factors in anxiety are-

1. Genetic factors – if anyone in the family has anxiety issues, then the person will be at a higher risk of exhibiting high levels of anxiety as compared to other persons. 

2. Childhood trauma such as physical or mental neglect or abuse, death of a loved one, parental divorce, etc.

C) Time × Speed

Correct option is  B) Direct

 A) \(\frac{1}{Number \,of \,days}\)

Correct option is  D) Constant

Given function f(x) = |x|

= x, x > 0 = -x, x < 0 = 0, x = 0

Hence f(0) = 0

Now, Left Hand Limit = lim_{x → 0}- f(x) = lim_{x → 0} (-x) = 0 [∵ f(x) = -x, x < 0]

Right Hand Limit = lim_{x → 0}+ f(x) = lim_{x → 0} (x) = 0

So, L.H.L. = R.H.L. = f(0)

Hence, f(x) is continuous at x = 0 

[This can also be verified by graph of |x|]

Work done by a force applied on a body is: 

a) When the direction of motion of the body and the force acting in the same direction, work done is positive. 

b) When the direction of motion of the body and the force acting on the body are in the opposite direction, work done is negative. 

c) When the force is acting at a right angle to the direction of motion of the body, work done is zero.

Total kinetic energy is the sum of translational, vibrational and rotational kinetic energies. The total kinetic energy is equal to the translational kinetic energy for monoatomic gases (He, Ne, etc.,) as they do not possess vibrational and rotational motion but have only translation motion.

Intermolecular attraction.

(i) NH₃ will have larger value of ‘a’ because of hydrogen bonding.

(ii) N₂ should have large value ‘b’ because of larger molecular size.

Vapour pressure increases with rise in temperature.

(i) NH₃ will have larger value of 'a' because of hydrogen bonding.

(ii) N₂ should have large value of 'b' because of larger molecular size.

(p + an²/v²) (V - nb) = nRT is Van der Waal's equation for n moles of gas.

1. As NH₃ is more easily liquefiable (due to hydrogen bonding), intermolecular forces of attraction are stronger then in N₂. Hence, NH₃ will have greater value of ‘a’. 

2. As NH₃ molecule is larger in size than N₂, hence NH₃ will have greater value for ‘b’. 

(For NH₃, a = 4.17 L² atm mol^-2, b = 0.0371 L mol^-1 

For N₂, a = 1.39 L² atm mol^-2, b = 0.0319 L mol^-1)

1. The temperature is found to be comparatively high in the areas at sea level. Due to high temperature, moisture-holding capacity of air near sea level is found to be high. Therefore, the humidity of the air at sea level is comparatively high. 

2. The temperature is found to be comparatively low in the areas at high altitude. Due to low temperature, moisture-holding capacity of air at high altitudes is found to below. Therefore, the humidity of the air at high altitude is comparatively low. In this way, the proportion of relative humidity changes according to the altitude.

The percentage of relative humidity depends on the absolute humidity and vapour-holding capacity of the air at a given temperature.

1. Equatorial region receives perpendicular sunrays throughout the year leading to high temperature. High temperature increases the rate of evaporation and this further leads to high absolute humidity of air in equatorial region. 

2. Polar regions receive extremely slanted sunrays throughout the year leading to very low temperature. Very low temperature decreases the rate of evaporation and this further leads to very low absolute humidity of air in polar region. Thus, the absolute humidity of air in equatorial region is higher than humidity of air in polar region.

Relative humidity (%)

= \(\cfrac{Absolute\,humidity}{Vapour\,holding\,capacity}\times100\) 

= \(\cfrac{18.00}{30.37}\times100\)

= 59.26 %

The capacity of air to hold moisture at a given temperature, is called the moisture-holding capacity of air.

1. The rate of evaporation is found to be high in the coastal region. As its effect, the amount of moisture in air in coastal region is found to be high. 

2. The absolute humidity of the air near coastal region is found to be high. Therefore, damp air is found in the coastal regions.

Incorrect. 

Correct statement: The relative humidity is found to be less in desert region.

Absolute humidity

= \(\cfrac{Mass\,of\,water\,vapour}{Volume\,of\,air}\)

= \(\cfrac{4.08}{1}\)

= 4.08gm/m³

The condition of air at a certain temperature, in which the moisture-holding capacity of air becomes equal to the I proportion of moisture present in it, is called saturation of the air.

1. The rate of evaporation is found to be low in inland region. As its effect, the amount of moisture in air in inland region is found to be low. 

2. The absolute humidity of the air in inland region is found to be low. Therefore, dry air is found in inland regions.

Clouds at an altitude of 7000 m to 14000 m are considered as high clouds. High clouds are mainly made up of ice particles. Cirrus, Cirro-Stratus and Cirro-Cumulus are high clouds. The following are the features of high clouds

1. Cirrus: Cirrus are wispy.

2. Cirro-Stratus: Cirro-Stratus look like bed sheet with wrinkles. A halo is generally seen around these clouds. 

3. Cirro-Cumulus clouds: Cirro- Cumulus look like groups of small waves.

Incorrect. 

Correct statement: Cumulonimbus clouds are the indicators of the thunderstorm.

Positive charge is found on the land below the cumulonimbus clouds.

A breach (failure) defence mechanism allows the pathogen to reach tissues and this causes infection. Invasion and multiplication of an organism in the infected host causes disease due to destruction of normal cell metabolism. In addition toxins produced by microbes may adversely affect the tissues or organs of the host. 

The maximum diameter of the raindrop is 5 mm.