Explore topic-wise InterviewSolutions in Current Affairs.

The pelvic girdle is a heavy structure specialized for weight bearing. This feature enables it to connect the trunk and the legs, support and balance the trunk, and contain and supports the intestines, the urinary bladder, and the internal sex organs.

1. Changed course of river 

2. Destruction of forest 

3. Probably inundation by floods 

4. People migrated to other areas 

5. Drought

The people of ancient times lived in shallow pits in order to provide protection from the cold weather and wild animals

(I) Fibrous joints or Synarthroses: They are immovable fixed joints in which no movement between the bones is possible. Sutures of the flat skull bones are fibrous joints.

(II) Cartilaginous joints or Amphiarthroses: They are slightly movable joints in which the joint surfaces are separated by a cartilage and slight movement is only possible, e.g., Joints of adjacent vertebrae of the vertebral column.

(III) Synovial joints or Diarthroses joints: They are freely movable joints, the articulating bones are separated by a cavity which is filled with synovial fluid e.g., Pivot joint – between atlas and axis plane/gliding joint – between the carpals

• Saddle j oint – between the carpal and metacarpal
• Ball and socket joint – between humerus and pectoral girdle
• Hinge joint – knee joint 
• Condyloid or angular or ellipsoid-joint between radius and carpal.

Disorders of bones: Arthritis and osteoporosis are two diseases of bones in humans. 

(i) Arthritis Inflammation of the joints is the main cause of it. It is of many types like rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis and gouty arthritis. 

(a) The rheumatoid arthritis is diagnosed by the presence of rheumatoid factor. The joints becomes immovable. It is cured by heat treatment and physiotheraphy. 

(b) The osteoarthritis is a degenerative joint disorder. It is characterized by the degeneration of the articular cartilage and proliferation of new bones. 

(c) The gouty arthritis is called gout. This is caused due to excessive formation of uric acid which gets deposited at the joints. 

(ii) Osteoporosis: 

(a) It is age-dependent systemic disorder. 

(b) It is characterized by low bone mass, microarchitectural deterioration of the bone. 

(c) It is also characterized to fracture. 

(d) It can occur in the pregnant women. 

(e) Thyrocalcitonin, parathyroid and sex-hormones imbalance is the main cause of this disease. 

(f) Major causative factors are the deficiency of vitamin D and calcium deficiency in the body.

(i) The muscles fails to get sufficient oxygen during strenuous exercise to fulfil their energy requirements and contracts anaerobically. It accumulates lactic acid produced by glycolysis. The oxygen consumption of muscles exceed during recovery, known as oxygen debt of the muscle. 

(ii) This oxygen is used in oxidising the accumulated lactic acid aerobically and restoring ATP in muscle fibre.

In Vallisneria, the female ower reach the surface of water by the long stalk and the male owers or pollen grains are released on to the surface of water. The anthers eventually reach the female owers and the stigma.

Governor General Dalhousie did not allow childless kings to adopt a son.

Wheel’d around here implies a flock of birds flying round in circles, which looks like a wheel.

Ralph the Rover also felt the effects of the season of spring. He felt very cheerful; he whistled and sang as he walked about on the deck. He was in an extremely happy state of mind but his joy was evil in intentions.

(c) Jealousy

Exonucleases digest DNA from the flank (beginning/end) of the DNA strands. Whereas endonucleases catalyses the hydrolytic cleavage of DNA in the middle. 

Specific nucleotide sequence of DNA at which a particular restriction enzyme cuts the DNA. Some sites occur frequently in DNA (e.g., every several hundred base pairs); others much less frequently (rare-cutter; e.g., every 10,000 base pairs). 

Though he was a feared criminal Ralph was the captain of his ship. The crew may have addressed him ‘Sir’ which explains it attached to his name. A rover is a person, animal, or thing that roves, or wanders, Ralph the pirate roamed around on the seas looking for ships to attack and loot. Maybe that is why he was called Ralph the Rover.

The second stanza of this extract tells about what the pirate did after removing the Bell. He roamed the seas and carried on his evil activities, killing and looting.

The last line is the hint of what is to happen later. ‘He steers his course for Scotland’s shore.’ The rover set the course ‘for Scotland’s shores’. This is significant because the treacherous Inchcape Rock was on the Scottish shores. So we get an idea that something may happen there.

(a)  icy hand

(d)  we succeeded

(c)  anchored

We spake in better cheer.

Isn’t God upon the ocean, just the same as on the land.

(d) whispered

Then we kissed the little maiden.

(a) Burning of white phosphorus in air at room temperature is a spontaneous combustion. The type of combustion in which a material suddenly bursts into flames, without the application of any apparent cause is called spontaneous combustion.

(b) Burning of LPG is combustion in which a substance burns rapidly and produces heat and light with the help of external heat.

(c) Ignition of a cracker is a combustion in which a substance burns suddenly and produces heat, light and sound with the help of heat or pressure.

(d) Burning of coal dust in a coalmine is a spontaneous combustion. The type of combustion in which a material suddenly bursts into flames, without the application of any apparent cause is called spontaneous combustion.

Sterilisation refers to the complete killing of microorganisms so that a normal, pathogen free condition is created. Sterilisation is essential in tissue culture because it requires regeneration of plant from explants, in a test tube, under sterile conditions. So, sterilisation is prerequisite as growth of unwanted microorganisms would contaminate the nutrient media and further procedure would be difficult to carry out.

During gamete formation a pair of autosomes segregate from each other.

The poem is a moving account of a noble teacher being a kind friend of a student with no one to depend on. The boy was sad. He had not a soul to share his sorrow with. He had nowhere to go. Then he saw this teacher. He trusted the teacher. He poured out his feelings. The teacher extended his healing hand. The boy felt relieved. Whenever the boy felt unhappy, he would go to his teacher and found comfort in his company.

When the boy moved to a higher grade, he was worried that he would miss his favourite teacher. But he was wrong. The relationship only grew strong. The teacher would find time to greet the boy. The boy would smile and feel happy. Hence the boy feels that the teacher is also his friend.

The poet lays bare the boy’s heart. That brings out the dizzy heights of the teacher’s personality. The boy is sad. The teacher makes him glad. The boy feels lonely. The teacher makes him lively. The relationship between them is that of love and affection. They become a model teacher student pair. The bond between them makes everyone fond of them.

Vulva or external genitalia are the female accessory genital glands. Vulva has small depression in front of the anus called vestibule.

Vestibule contains following structure:

(i) Labia Majora : These are two outer skinny, moist hair covered folds forming the outer boundaries of the vulva. Anteriorly the two folds are joined to form monus pubis. A fleshy elevation above the labia is called mons veneris.

(ii) labia Minora: These are two thin, small, moist folds of connective tissue covered with skin. On stretching over the clitoris to form the prepuce and beneath in form frennulum. The smooth, almond shaped area into which opens the vagina and urethra between the labia minora is called the vestibule. 

(iii) Clitoris : It is capable of enlargement but serves no reproductive function.

(iv) Barthelin's Glands : These secretes clear viscous mucus containing alkaline fluid to lubricate the vulva and vagina during copulation.

(v) Perineum : It lies between the anus and vaginal arifice.

C. Both A and B

Factors affecting the rate of diffusion

• Gradient of concentration
• Permeability of membrane
• Temperature
• Pressure

Nater potential is the potential energy of water relative to pure free water in reference conditions. It quantifies the tendency of water to move from one area to another due to osmosis, gravity, mechanical pressure or matrix effects including surface tension. Water potential is measured in units of pressure and is commonly represented by the Greek letter 141’ (Psi).

Typically, pure water at standard temperature and pressure is defined as having a water potential of 0. The addition of solutes to water lowers its potential just as increase in pressure increases its potential. Seawater typically has negative water potentials relative to the pure water reference. If there is no restriction on flow, water molecules will proceed from the locus of pure water to the more negative water potential of the solution. Water potential of a cell is affected by both solute and pressure potential. The relationship between them is as follows

Ψ_w = Ψ_B + Ψ_p

There are two types of substantes in the world-living and non-living. The body of living things are made of cells. The nucleus of a human cell contain 23 pairs of chromosomes. The process of alteration in the genetic code of the chromosomes is known as genetic engineering. The number of chromosomes in nucleus cell of their living beings are different.

Genetic information are carried over by DNA. The technology of changing the genes of DNA in the body building process is called genetic engineering. This change takes place in two ways:

(i) fragmentation method and

(ii) cloning method

In fact genetic engineering is a modern surgical science.

Its use are:

Uses:

(i) In artificial preghancy,

(ii) in the production of a test tube baby,

(iii) in producing human beings of developed qualities,

(iv) in the production of insulin.

(v) in the production of the cancer medicine, interferon,

(vi) in improving the breed of fruits, crops and animals.

(B) Human being

Correct Answer is: (C) Banana 

The fruit resembles a normally produced fruit but is seedless. Varieties of the pineapple, banana, cucumber, grape, orange, grapefruit, persimmon, and breadfruit exemplify naturally occurring parthenocarpic.

B. Periyar Sanctuary

Radius of rope (r) = 12 m

Area of land grazed by horse = πr²

= 3.14 x (12)² = 3.14 x 144

= 452.16 sq.m

Symptoms of cancer:

1. Presence of lump or tumour. 

2. White patches in the mouth. 

3. Change in a wart or mole on the skin. 

4. Swollen or enlarged lymph nodes. 

5. Vertigo, headaches or seizures if cancer affect the brain. 

6. Coughing and shortness of breath if lungs are affected due to cancer.

B. Agrobacterium tumefaciens

(i) Pollen grains cause severe allergies, bronchial respiratory disorders, asthma, bronchitis, etc. 

(ii) Parthenium (or carrot grass) came into India as contaminant with imported wheat and causes pollen allergy.

Transfer of pollen grains from anther to stigma of another flower of same 1/2 x 4 plant, different palnt /genetically similar , different.

Correct Answer is: A. SO₂ 

Acid rain is caused by a chemical reaction that begins when compounds like sulphur dioxide and nitrogen oxides are released into the air. 

These substances can rise very high into the atmosphere, where they mix and react with water, oxygen, and other chemicals to form more acidic pollutants, known as acid rain.

Cause severe allergies and bronchial afflictions ,tablet and syrups.

Syngamy and triple fusion take place in an embryo sac.

1. Francis Day – Denmark

(c) i and iii are Correct

Let P be taken as origin.

For the first train:

at t = 0, x(0) = 0

at t = 8 hrs. x(t) = 480 km.

For the second train,

at t = 0, x(0) = 480 km.

at t = 10 hrs, x(t) = 0

The coordinates of point R from the graph.

t_R = 4.45 hrs. x_B (t) = 267 km.

Therefore, the train will meet after 4 hrs. 27 minutes after starting, at a distance of 267 km from the station P.

A covalent bond is defined 'as the force of attraction arising due to mutual sharing of electrons between the two atoms.' The combining atoms may share one, two or three pairs of electrons. The covalent bond is formed between two similar or dissimilar atoms by a mutual sharing of electrons, which are counted towards the stability of both the participating atoms. When the two atoms combine by mutual sharing of electrons, each of the atoms does so, in order to acquire stable configuration of the nearest noble gas. A small line (-) between the two atoms is represents a covalent bond. The compounds formed due to covalent bonding are called covalent compounds.