This section includes 7 InterviewSolutions, each offering curated multiple-choice questions to sharpen your Current Affairs knowledge and support exam preparation. Choose a topic below to get started.
| 1. |
अस्थियों के खोखले भाग को क्या कहते हैं? उसमें क्या भरा रहता है? |
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Answer» अस्थियों के खोखले भाग को अस्थि-गुहा कहते हैं। उसमें अस्थिमज्जा नामक गूदेदार पदार्थ भरा रहता है। |
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| 2. |
सिर के मुख्य भाग कौन-से हैं? |
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Answer» सिर के दो मुख्य भाग हैं (1) कपाल |
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| 3. |
बाल्यावस्था में मेरुदण्ड में कशेरुकाओं की संख्या बताइए। |
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Answer» बच्चों के मेरुदण्ड में 33 कशेरुकाएँ होती हैं। |
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| 4. |
The term super multiplier was first used by – (a) J.R.Hicks (b) R.G.D. Allen (c) Kahn (d) Keynes |
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Answer» Correct Answer is: (a) J.R.Hicks |
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| 5. |
वयस्क व्यक्ति के मेरुदण्ड में कितनी कशेरुकाएँ पाई जाती हैं? |
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Answer» वयस्क व्यक्ति के मेरुदण्ड में 26 कशेरुकाएँ पाई जाती हैं। |
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| 6. |
मानव शरीर में पाई जाने वाली अस्थियों के विभिन्न प्रकारों का उल्लेख कीजिए। |
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Answer» यह सत्य है कि प्रायः सभी अस्थियों की आन्तरिक रचना एक समान ही होती है, परन्तु उनके बाहरी आकार में पर्याप्त भिन्नता पाई जाती है। आकार की भिन्नता के आधार पर मानव शरीर की समस्त अस्थियों को निम्नलिखित छ: प्रकारों में वर्गीकृत किया जा सकता है ⦁ चपटी अस्थियाँ: कपाल की अस्थियाँ। |
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| 7. |
शरीर में सन्धियों से क्या लाभ हैं?याशरीर में कंकाल सन्धियों का क्या महत्त्व है? |
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Answer» शरीर की गतिशीलता में सन्धियों का महत्त्वपूर्ण योगदान रहता है। इन्हीं के कारण हम अपने हाथ, पैर तथा गर्दन आदि को हिला-डुला पाते हैं। |
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| 8. |
शरीर में मूल रूप से कितने प्रकार की सन्धियाँ पाई जाती हैं? |
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Answer» हमारे शरीर में मूल रूप से दो प्रकार की सन्धि पाई जाती हैं। जिन्हें क्रमश: अचल सन्धि तथा चल सन्धि कहा जाता है। |
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| 9. |
मानव खोपड़ी में प्रायः किस प्रकार की सन्धियाँ पाई जाती हैं? |
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Answer» मानव खोपड़ी में प्राय: अचल सन्धियाँ होती हैं। |
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| 10. |
अस्थि-संस्थान से क्या आशय है? |
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Answer» शरीर की समस्त अस्थियों की व्यवस्था को अस्थि-संस्थान या कंकाल-तन्त्र के नाम से जाना जाता है। |
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| 11. |
मानव अस्थि-संस्थान को कितने भागों में विभक्त किया जा सकता है? |
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Answer» मानव अस्थि-संस्थान को तीन मुख्य भागों में बाँटा जा सकता है (1) खोपड़ी |
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| 12. |
अस्थि-संस्थान या अस्थि-तन्त्र से आप क्या समझती हैं? अस्थि-संस्थान (कंकाल) का क्या कार्य है?यामनुष्य के शरीर में अस्थि-संस्थान (कंकाल-तन्त्र) की क्या उपयोगिता है?याकंकाल-तन्त्र (अस्थि-संस्थान) या अस्थि-पंजर की हमारे शरीर में क्या उपयोगिता है? मानव शरीर में कुल कितनी अस्थियाँ होती हैं?यायदि शरीर में हड्डियाँ न होतीं तो क्या हानि होती? |
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Answer» अस्थि-संस्थान का अर्थ एवं कार्य कंकाल अथवा अस्थि-संस्थान की उपयोगिता (1) निश्चित आकार प्रदान करना: (2) दृढता प्रदान करना: (3) कोमल अंगों को सुरक्षा प्रदान करना: (4) पेशियों को संयुक्त होने का स्थान प्रदान करना: (5) शरीर को गतिशीलता प्रदान करना: (6) लाल एवं श्वेत रक्त कणिकाओं का निर्माण: (7) श्वसन में सहयोग देना: (8) श्रवण में सहयोग देना: (9) नेत्रों को सहयोग देना: (10) उत्तोलक का कार्य करना: अस्थियाँ मानव शरीर का सबसे कठोर भाग होती हैं। मुख्य अस्थियों से भिन्न कुछ उपास्थियाँ मुलायम भी होती हैं जिन्हें कार्टिलेज कहते हैं। अस्थियों का निर्माण जीवित कोशिकाओं से होता है। अस्थियाँ सफेद रंग की तथा छूने में कठोर होती हैं। अस्थियाँ भीतर से खोखली होने के कारण कठोर होते हुए भी हल्की होती हैं। अस्थियों में एक नली होती है जिसके अन्दर एक गूदेदार पदार्थ भरा होता है, जिसे अस्थिमज्जा (Bone marrow) कहते हैं। जिस खोखले स्थान पर यह अस्थि-मज्जा होती है, उसे अस्थि-गुहा कहते हैं। अस्थि-मज्जा में लाल और श्वेत रक्त कण बनते हैं। नली के चारों ओर असंख्य अस्थि-कोशिकाएँ होती हैं। ये कोशिकाएँ टूटी हुई अस्थि को जोड़ने में भी सहायक होती हैं। अस्थि-नली में रक्तवाहिनी और नाड़ी सूत्र होते हैं। इसी कारण जीवित मनुष्य की अस्थि का रंग कुछ गुलाबीपन लिए होता है और मृत अवस्था में उसका रंग श्वेत हो जाता है। अस्थियां एक आवरण से ढकी रहती हैं, जिसे अस्थिच्छद कहते हैं। यह आवरण बहुत बड़ा होता है तथा मांसपेशियों से जुड़ा रहता है। अस्थियों का निर्माण विभिन्न खनिजों से होता है। इनमें मुख्य हैं-कैल्सियम फॉस्फेट, कैल्सियम कार्बोनेट तथा मैग्नीशियम फॉस्फेट। इनमें सर्वाधिक मात्रा कैल्सियम फॉस्फेट की ही होती है। अस्थियों का विकास जीवन के आरम्भ से ही होना शुरू हो जाता है। भ्रूणावस्था में पूरा-का-पूरा कंकाल उपास्थि का ही होता है, परन्तु जन्म के उपरान्त इसका अधिकांश भाग हड्डी में परिवर्तित हो जाता है। यह परिवर्तन उपास्थि के मैट्रिक्स (Matrix) में चूने तथा फॉस्फोरस के लवणों के जमने या निक्षेपण (Deposition) से होता है और इस क्रिया को अस्थि-भवन कहते हैं। अस्थि-संस्थान के भाग (1) सिर अथवा खोपड़ी: (2) धड़: (3) शाखाएँ: |
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| 13. |
अचल सन्धि का क्या अर्थ है? यह शरीर में कहाँ पायी जाती हैं? |
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Answer» हमारे शरीर की उन अस्थि-सन्धियों को अचल सन्धि कहा जाता है, जिनमें किसी प्रकार की गति नहीं होती तथा सम्बन्धितं अस्थियाँ स्थिर होती हैं। अचल सन्धियाँ कपाल की अस्थियों में पाई : जाती हैं। |
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| 14. |
पूर्ण चल सन्धियाँ कितने प्रकार की होती हैं? |
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Answer» पूर्ण चल सन्धियाँ पाँच प्रकार की होती हैं ⦁ कब्जा सन्धि |
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| 15. |
कब्जा सन्धि तथा बँटीदार सन्धि का सामान्य परिचय दीजिए। |
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Answer» (1) कब्जा सन्धि: इस प्रकार की सन्धियों में दोनों अस्थियों अथवा एक अस्थि कब्जे की तरह एक ही दिशा में खुल या बन्द हो सकती है; जैसे–कुहनी या उँगली। (2) ख़ुटीदार सन्धि: इसमें एक अस्थि या उसके प्रवर्ध धुरे की भाँति अथवा बँटे की तरह सीधी होती हैं। इन पर दूसरी अस्थि को किसी भी तरफ घुमाया जा सकता है; जैसे–कशेरुका के एक प्रवर्ध पर रखी खोपड़ी। इस प्रकार खोपड़ी दाएँ या बाएँ, किधर भी घूम सकती है। |
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| 16. |
चल तथा अचल सन्धि में क्या अन्तर है? |
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Answer» चल सन्धियों में विभिन्न प्रकार की निर्धारित गतियाँ होती हैं, जबकि अचल सन्धियों में किसी प्रकार की गति नहीं होती। |
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| 17. |
गेंद-गड्ढा (कन्दुक-खल्लिका) सन्धि के दो उदाहरण बताइए। |
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Answer» गेंद-गड्ढा या कन्दुक-खल्लिका सन्धि के उदाहरण हैं-कन्धे की अस्थि सन्धि तथा कूल्हे की अस्थि सन्धि। |
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| 18. |
What do you mean by trade structure? |
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Answer» Trade structure refers to foreign commodity structure. It refers to the proportion of a country’s import and export commodities in the total import and export trade in particular time period. |
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| 19. |
Describe the origin of the first organism according to the hypothesis of Oparin? |
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Answer» Oparin was a Russian Scientist of biochemistry, who suggested a theory of the origin of life in his published book ‘Origin of life’, in 1963. According to this theory, the primitive oceans contained a large quantity of organic compounds, these would react with one another to form structures of increasing complexity. This theory can be divided into five stages. 1. First stage: The origin of the earth and its primitive atmosphere- The earth has been presumed to have originated about five billion years ago. It was as hot as the Sun. Initially, there existed a hot rapidly rotating ball of gases, made up of free molecules of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen, along with other free molecules of elements. Gradual cooling led to the formation of the water molecule, which provided a suitable medium for chemical reactions, due to which several compounds such as methane (CH4), ammonia (NH3) and water were formed. They were dissolved in water, that was collected in the form of oceans, lakes, rivers etc. According to oparin, it is in this water that life originated first. 2. Second Stage: Synthesis of simple compounds- The formation of water, ammonia and methane- the large bodies of water having minerals and salts was the key event in the origin of life. Methane being reactive, having fused with other compounds to form simple organic compounds such as Ethane, Butane, Propane, Ethyl Alcohol (C2H5OH), Methyl alcohol (CH3OH), Glycerol, Fats, Sugars, etc. The dissolved ammonia forms the nitrogenous organics like amino acids, purines, pyramidines and finally, nucleic acid. Hence, in this phase all the chemical compounds are formed in the oceanic water, required for the origin of life. 3. Third Stage: Formation of macro-molecules or complex organic molecules- Pyramidine and purines, combined with phosphorus and sugars of oceanic water and formed nucleotides ultimately from DNA and RNA. This sort of chemical reactions went on. Nucleic acids, proteins and fats on synthesis form nucleoproteins. In short, in this step, the formation of nucleoproteins takes place by polymerisation of nucleotides. These molecules were like naked genes. Their formation indicates the step for differentiating between life and no-life. Hundreds and thousands of these nucleotides were linked together in different combinations, producing the complete nucleic acids. 4. Fourth Stage: Formation of Nucleoproteins- Due to the aggregation tendency of molecules, giant molecules of nucleoproteins were formed, by the union of nucleic acid and protein molecules. It is presumed that such giant nucleoproteins had certain characteristics of a free-living gene. A number of such genes might have aggregated to form a single large unit. Thus, by aggregation tendency of molecules, large or macromolecules of nucleoproteins are formed, around which a coat of the macromolecules of carbohydrates(like cellulose), fats and minerals were formed, in the form of a membranous structure. The central core around which these membranes developed is referred to as organic soup, which has free entry and consists of molecules. In this way, the membrane-bound ‘soup’ acquired the properties of incorporating the absorbed molecules and to split a part of a portion of itself. This represents the primitive cell, which is still without a distinct and definite nucleus. Such cells are still found, in certain algal forms. This could be compared with the present day, virus and was named as proto-virus. This shows that the nucleus developed later than the cell. Thus, the virus is regarded as a connecting link between the living and non-living forms. 5. Fifth Stage: Formation of the primary organism called coacervates- The big organic macro-molecules has a tendency to aggregate in various combinations to form huge, colloidal particles called “Coacervates”. These coacervates with nucleoprotein molecules surrounded by nutrient shells and limiting membrane were supposed to be the first living cell. Natural selection must be operated at this level, and the coacervates with more favourable internal arrangements became more abundant. Those with nutritive shells proved to be more successful and became abundant and finally, led to the development of cells. |
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| 20. |
Who advocated the cosmozoic theory? |
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Answer» The cosmozoic theory was advocated by Ritcher. |
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| 21. |
Why raw materials, minerals, and agricultural products are only exported by developing countries? |
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Answer» Due to backwardness and inferior manufacturing structure, raw materials, minerals, and agricultural products are only exported by developing countries. |
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| 22. |
Into how many divisions are business partner countries divided? |
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Answer» Into four divisions : 1. OECD- Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development 2. OPEC- Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries 3. Eastern European Countries 4. Developing Countries. |
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| 23. |
Explain the difference between living and non-living with an example? |
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Answer» Living things need food, air and water they respire, they grow and show movement while non-living things do not show any of these characteristics. |
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| 24. |
Who gave the theory of Biogenesis?(A) Oparin (B) Francescoredi (C) Van Helmont (D) Leabig |
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Answer» The answer is (B) Francescoredi |
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| 25. |
Which one of the following elements were not present in the free state in the atmosphere at the time of origin of life- (A) Hydrogen (B) Oxygen (C) Nitrogen (D) Ammonia |
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Answer» The answer is (B) Oxygen |
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| 26. |
What were the views of Louis Pasteur? |
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Answer» According to Louis Pasteur, life originated only from pre-existing life. |
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| 27. |
What were the products exported in India at the time of independence? |
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Answer» At the time of independence, the products exported included-machinery, oil, food grains, pulses, cotton, transportation, goods made of iron, equipments, medicines, colours, cotton and cotton cloth, paper, machines etc. |
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| 28. |
Write the names of present five top import items (from India) in order of their value. |
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Answer» The names of present five top import items (from India) in order of their value are: 1. Petroleum and lubricants. 2. Non-ferrous metals Gold and silver. 3. Electrical machinery, non-electrical machinery. 4. Pearls and precious jewels. 5. Food stuff and allied products (such as pulses, food grain, edible oil). |
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| 29. |
Why was jute imported at the time of independence? |
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Answer» Due to the partition and country’s requirement of food grains, jute was imported at the time of independence. |
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| 30. |
Which factors are responsible for rusting? |
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Answer» Two factors are responsible for rusting: 1. Moisture 2. Air |
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| 31. |
What is crystallisation? |
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Answer» Crystallisation is a process that separates a pure solid in the form of its crystals from a solution. The crystallisation method is used to purify solids. Crystallisation is an example of physical change |
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| 32. |
Explain the statement with reasons:People of ‘Malwa’ culture were the first farmers of Maharashtra. |
Answer»
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| 33. |
Match the ColumnsColumn – 1Column – 21. Lightening of bulb(a) chemical change2. Rusting(b) physical change3. Getting crystals from alum(c) crystallisation |
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Answer» 1. (b) 2. (a) 3. (c) |
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| 34. |
Write the reaction of oxygen with magnesium. |
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Answer» Magnesium burns in oxygen to give magnesium oxide. 2Mg +O2→ 2MgO Magnesium oxygen magnesium oxide |
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| 35. |
Crystallisation is a (a) Chemical change (b) Physical change (c) Irreversible change (d) All the above |
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Answer» (b) Physical change |
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| 36. |
Write short note: Malwa Culture |
Answer»
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| 37. |
Write the name of new substance formed when magnesium is burnt in air. |
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Answer» Magnesium oxide. |
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| 38. |
Fill in the Blanks: 1. Conversion of liquid to vapour is a ………….. change.2. Those changes in which physical properties of substances changes are called ……………… changes. 3. The changes taking place around us are generally of ……….. types.4. The substances cannot get back into their original form in a …………… change. |
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Answer» 1. Physical 2. Physical 3. two 4. Chemical |
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| 39. |
Write short note: Kayatha Culture |
Answer»
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| 40. |
Write the formula of rust. |
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Answer» The formula for rust is Fe2O3. |
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| 41. |
Fill in the blanks: 1. To make solution of sugar is a ………… change. 2. Generally physical changes are ……… . 3. Conversion of wheat grains into wheat flour is a ……….. change. 4. When carbon dioxide is passed in lime water, it turns milky. This is a …… |
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Answer» 1. Physical 2. Temporary 3. Chemical 4. Chemical |
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| 42. |
Write about the chalcolithic cultures in Gujarat with the given points.(a) Period (b) Means of livelihood (c) Geographical spread (d) Evidence of cultural contact with other people. |
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Answer» (a) Period: The chalcolithic settlements in Gujarat coincide with the following phases of the Harappan culture:
(b) Means of livelihood: There are ample sources of semi-precious stones in Gujarat. Making beads of these stones was a big industry during Harappan times. The Neolithic settlements in Gujarat played a major role in procuring these stones. People residing in the neolithic settlements of Gujarat were mainly pastoral, that is people whose primary occupation was animal husbandry. Thus, making beads, animal husbandry, pottery making were some of the means of livelihood. (c) Geographical spread: There are regional variations in the characteristics of the chalcolithic cultures of Gujarat. The chalcolithic pottery of Kutch – Saurashtra and Northern Gujarat are distinct from each other. The chalcolithic villages in Kutch-Saurashtra were abandoned by 1900 B.C.E. (d) Evidence of cultural contact with other people: In the post-Harappan period there were two chalcolithic cultures in Gujarat. The culture in south Gujarat was known as ‘Prabhas’ culture and the one in northeastern Gujarat was known as ‘Rangpur’ culture. These cultures existed till 1800-1200 B.C.E. |
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| 43. |
Write two equation to represent a chemical change. |
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Answer» 1. Wax + Oxygen → carbon dioxide + water vapour 2. Lime water Ca(OH) + carbon dioxide (CO2) → milky water (CaCO3) new substance |
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| 44. |
The chemical formula of rust is? (a) Fe2O3 (b) Fe (c) FeO (d) FeSO4 |
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Answer» The chemical formula of rust is Fe2O3 |
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| 45. |
Why are doors painted in our house?(a) to protect from sun rays (b) to make it dust proof (c) to prevent from rusting (d) to protect from birds |
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Answer» (c) to prevent from rusting |
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| 46. |
The culture in south Gujarat is known as ___________ culture. (a) Pravhas (b) Nevase (c) Malwa (d) Rangpur |
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Answer» Correct Answer is (a) Pravhas |
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| 47. |
Write short note: Ochre coloured pottery |
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| 48. |
Discuss the Megalithic period in India. |
Answer»
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| 49. |
The age when huge stone slabs were used is known as ___________ age. (a) Palaeolithic (b) Mesolithic (c) Neolithic (d) Megalithic |
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Answer» Correct Answer is (d) Megalithic |
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| 50. |
What does she do to help him? Is she wise in this? |
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Answer» She called the doctor to help Tricki. Yes, her decision was wise. The doctor suggested that Tricki should be hospitalised. She swooned and wailed, but let the dog go with the doctor. Ultimately, the doctor was successful in curing Tricki. |
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