Explore topic-wise InterviewSolutions in Current Affairs.

Lyophilic and Lyophonic Colloids:- The classification of colloids is based on the attraction or the affinity of the affinity of the dispersed phase and the dispersion medium for each other. According to it the colloidal system and be divided into two main classes.

(i) Lyophilic colloids (solvent loving colloids) i.e., which directly pass into colloidal state when brought in contact with solvent. For example gelatin, starch and albumins are water loving colloids (Hydrophilic).

(ii) Lyophobic colloids (solven heating colloids) i.e., which are brought in colloidal state not so easily. For example metal, their hydroxides and sulphides are water heating colloids (Hydrophobic).

The death of the little girl.

The boy was so filled with grief at the loss of his little sister that he could not gather enough courage to see the same field without her.

Roasting:- It is the process of converting an ore into its metallic oxide by heating strongly at temperature insufficient to melt in excess of air.

4FeS₂ + 11O₂ → 2Fe₂O₃ + 8SO₂

2Cu₂S + 3O₂ → 2Cu₂O + 2SO₂

2ZnS + 3O₂ → 2ZnO + 2SO₂

S + O2 → SO₂ ↑

Calcination:- It is the process of converting an ore into its oxide by heating it strongly below its melting point either in absence or limited supply of air.

Example:- CaCO₃ → CaO + CO₂

Al₂O₃.2H₂O → Al₂O₃ + 2H₂O

2Al(OH)₃ → Al₂O₃ + 3H₂O

Answer is Peshwa

(c) I, II and IV are correct

The mind of the boy was quietly changed because he had lost his father earlier. He also lost his mother a week ago. But he never forgot his mother. He always thought in his mind that his mother was alive. He loved to play marbles. Being a fatherless child his mother took care of him; so he remembered the moments which he had passed with his mother. So he was a strange and sensitive boy.

लड़के का मस्तिष्क पूरी तरह बदल गया था क्योंकि उसके पिता का देहान्त हो चुका था। एक सप्ताह पूर्व उसकी माँ भी मर चुकी थी। लेकिन वह अपनी माँ को कभी नहीं भूला। वह अपने मस्तिष्क में माँ को जीवित ही मानता था। उसे कंचे खेलने का शौक था। उसके पिता नहीं थे इसलिए उसकी माँ उसका अत्यन्त ध्यान रखती थी। अतः वह अपनी माँ के साथ बिताए गये क्षणों को हर समय याद करता था। इसीलिए वह विचित्र और संवेदनशील लड़का था।

The most touching aspect of the story is the last scene when the boy approaches his home after school but does not find his mother at home. It makes to the readers emotional and develops the sense of sorrow and pity for the boy who loves his mother very much and is unaware about death in this world. The boy is too small to understand secret of death and the rule of nature. He is immature and cannot make himself broad minded to bear the separation of his mother.

Here the speaker clears that the relation between mother and child is very close and great which cannot be explained in words. The mental condition of the boy cannot be explained or understand by others and it makes the readers too much sad and insist them to realise the same incident.

कहानी का अन्तिम भाग आत्मा को बहुत अधिक छू लेने वाला है। जब लड़का स्कूल के बाद घर पहुँचता है तो उसे उसकी माँ घर पर नहीं मिलती है। यह पाठकों को भावुक बना देता है तथा दु:ख के भाव। उत्पन्न कर देता है तथा दिलों में लड़के के प्रति दया का भाव उत्पन्न होता है जो कि अपनी माँ को बहुत अधिक प्रेम करता है तथा इस संसार में मृत्यु से अनभिज्ञ है तथा प्रकृति के नियम को नहीं जानता है। वह अपरिपक्व है तथा स्वयं को इतना अधिक बड़े मस्तिष्क वाला नहीं बना सकता है। वह अपनी माँ की जुदाई को सहन नहीं कर सकता है।

वक्ता स्पष्ट करता है कि माँ और बच्चे के बीच का सम्बन्ध बहुत गहरा होता है जिसे शब्दों में व्यक्त नहीं किया जा सकता है। बच्चे की मनोदशा को समझना व शब्दों में व्यक्त करना सम्भव नहीं है। इससे पाठक भी बहुत दु:खी हो जाते हैं तथा स्वयं को सोचने पर बाध्य कर लेते हैं कि काश यह घटना उनके साथ घटित होती तो वे कैसा महसूस करते।

The narrator does not use the name of the boy in the story because he is not telling the particular story of a particular boy and he wants to show the importance of the mother in the life of a child. He says that the mother plays an important role in the life of a boy or girl. She leads him the right way and always looks after him and stands by him at every stage as a protector.

The narrator says that there is no home without a mother so the boy finds his old house charmless without the presence of his mother. The mother is the first mentor of an issue. She plays various role in the life of a child. She plays with him like a friend and loves the child and always fulfils his requirements. The author wants to teach an important lesson to the readers on behalf of the story that we must always regard and obey our mother.

लेखक कहानी में लड़के का नाम नहीं बताता है क्योंकि वह किसी लड़के विशेष की कहानी नहीं बता रहा है तथा एक बच्चे के जीवन में माँ के महत्त्व को बताता है। लेखक कहता है कि माँ एक लड़के अथवा लड़की के जीवन में महत्त्वपूर्ण भूमिका निभाती है। वह उसे सही मार्गदर्शन करती है तथा उसकी देखभाल करती है तथा जीवन की हर दहलीज पर उसके साथ खड़ी रहती है तथा उसकी रक्षा करती है। लेखक कहता है कि बिना माँ के कोई घर नहीं होता है। जैसे कि लड़का अपने मकान को आकर्षणहीन महसूस करता है। बिना माँ के।

माँ एक बच्चे की प्रथम गुरु होती है। वह बच्चे के जीवन में विभिन्न भूमिकाएँ निभाती है। वह उसके साथ एक दोस्त की तरह खेलती है तथा बच्चे को प्रेम करती है तथा हमेशा उसकी आवश्यकताओं की पूर्ति करती है। इस कहानी के माध्यम से लेखक पाठकों को महत्त्वपूर्ण शिक्षा देता है कि हमें सदैव माँ का सम्मान और उसकी आज्ञा का पालन करना चाहिए।

The hobby of the boy was to play marbles. The idea of this game and any kind of discussion about marbles would make him happy and he would forget everything at the time of playing marbles. It shows his great charm for his hobby and the main source of his happiness. It would always make him cheerful. We can say that the marbles were his fast friends so he played with them.

लड़के को कंचे खेलने का शौक था। इस खेल को खेलने का विचार और इसके विषय में विचारविमर्श उसे प्रसन्न कर देता था और इसे खेलते हुए वह सब कुछ भूल जाता था। यह सब उसका कंचों के प्रति आकर्षण और उसके शौक को दर्शाता है जिससे वह आनन्द के स्रोत को प्राप्त करता था। कंचे ही उसके घनिष्ठ मित्र थे इसलिये वह उनके साथ खेलता था।

At the end of the story the boy recollected and realized everything. He remembered that his mother had died and he was not living at his old house. He became too much hopeless and worried.

कहानी के अन्त में लड़के की सारी याददाश्त वापस आ गई। उसे सब कुछ याद आ गया कि उसकी माँ मर चुकी थी और वह अब अपने पुराने मकान में नहीं रह रहा था। वह बहुत अधिक निराश और चिन्तित हो गया।

According to lord rayleigh, intensity of scattering of light ray (I) is inversely proportional to the fourth power of wavelength (λ) of ray.

i.e., I ∝ 1/λ⁴

As red light has got largest wavelength so its scattering will be much lesser so it moves to a greatest distance than any other ray. So it is used in signal.

The boy told about his mother on the way of his home that she would prepare lemon pie for him and serve him a large slice of it. He would tell his mother the tale which he had read at school.

उसने अपनी माँ के बारे में रास्ते में बताया कि वह उसके लिए लेमन पाई बनाएगी और उसे उसका एक बड़ा टुकड़ा परोसेगी। वह उसे स्कूल में पढ़ी हुई कहानी के बारे में बताएगा।

Flow of charge in a conductor is called electric current. It is defined as the charge flowing per second it rate of flow of charge.

If a amount of charge flows through a conductor in t seconds.

Electric current = Q/t

The value of current remind unattered even if the conductor be twitted.

As the name suggests the heating effect of current is used for measuring an a.c. by a hot wire ammeter. The unknown current is allowed to pass through the metallic wire (of the ammeter) that gets expanded due to heating effect and this expansion is converted into certain deflection of a pointer on a scale-both being inside the hot wire ammeter. If Q be the quantity of heat produced and be the value of the (unknown) current then,

Q  ∝ I²

The expansion in the wire is also proportional to the square of the current. It is clear that direction of the flow of the current immertial. In a.c. the heat produced in wire through which the current flows depends only on the magnitude and not on the direction of the current flowing. This is the reason that a hot wire ammeter measured are a.c.

(i) D.C. flows in one direction and its value is constant where as the value of A.C., changes periodically with time and hence it has positive and negative values.

(ii) A.C. can be transferred from one place to other with less loss of energy but D.C. cannot transferred.

(iii) A.C. can be controlled by choke coil with least loss of energy where as D.C. is controlled only by ohmic resistance in which there is maximum loss of energy.

(iv) The machines depend on A.C. have longer life in comparision to the machine which depend on D.C.

(v) A.C. is more dangerous than D.C. because the people feel more shock with A.C. 

The correct option is (A) 0.

The resistance of an ideal ammeter is zero. Although, practically it is not possible to have zero resistance of an ammeter. 

If ammeter has zero resistance there will be no voltage drop across the ammeter and that time it will measure the most accurate value of current in circuit.

The boy and his mother both would spend Sundays with great fun. They would see movie and talked to each other. They both would be free. The boy did not have any home work to do.

लड़का और उसकी माँ रविवार का दिन बहुत आनंद से गुजारते थे। वे रविवार को फिल्म देखते थे। वे दोनों बिल्कुल स्वतन्त्र रहते थे। लड़के के पास रविवार को कोई गृहकार्य करने को नहीं होता था।

The oxidation number of P in H₃PO₃ is +3 so its oxidation number can be increased. In otherwords H₃PO₃ act as reducing agent while the oxidation number of P is +5 in H₃PO₄. Hence H₃PO₃ acts as reducing agent but H₃PO₄ does not as act reducing agent.

The main reason of joy among the students and the teachers was Saturday and the next day would be Sunday. There were something different at school on Saturday and there would be great entertainment on Sunday. Everyone had his individual plans of spending the holiday so that they were all happy and in a different mood of rejoicing.

छात्रों तथा अध्यापकों के बीच में खुशी का मुख्य कारण शनिवार का दिन था तथा अगला दिन रविवार था। शनिवार के दिन स्कूल में कुछ अलग होता था तथा रविवार के दिन बहुत अधिक मनोरंजन होता था। प्रत्येक की व्यक्तिगत योजनाएँ थीं छुट्टी गुजारने के लिए इसलिये वे सभी खुशी तथा आनंद की अवस्था में थे।

(B) dibasic acid

The teachers would treat the boy politely. They helped him in his work and always encouraged him for his study and loved him very much. They would give him something to eat such as puddings at the last of their dinner and tried to make him easy and happy during school time because they knew that he was an orphan boy.

अध्यापक लड़के के साथ विनम्रतापूर्वक व्यवहार करते थे। वे उसकी उसके कार्य में मदद करते थे और उसे पढ़ाई के लिए हमेशा प्रोत्साहित करते थे तथा उसे बहुत प्यार करते थे। वे उसे अपने भोजन के अन्त में कुछ खाने को देते थे जैसे कि पुडिंग’ (मीठा पकवान) और वे उसे स्कूल समय में खुश रखते थे क्योंकि वे जानते थे कि वह एक अनाथ लड़का था।

The correct option is (B) 6.25 x 10¹⁸.

Given that

Charge (Q) = 1 C

Electron (e) = 1.6 x 10^-19

Number of electron (n) = ?

Q = ne

1C = n x 1.6 x 10^-19 C

n = 1/(1.6 x 10^-19)

n = 6.25 x 10¹⁸ electron

On behalf of this story the author desires to convey an important message to the society. There must be good mentality and soft corner in our hearts towards orphans because they lead a very miserable life. They must be regarded equally like others. They should be inspired to lead a normal life in the society. They deserve sympathy from all human beings. The author presents a prominent role of a mother in a being’s upbringing.

इस कहानी के माध्यम से लेखक समाज को एक महत्त्वपूर्ण सन्देश देता है। हमें अपने दिलों में अनाथों के लिये कोमल भाव और श्रेष्ठ मानसिकता रखनी चाहिए क्योंकि ये समाज में बहुत ही दयनीय जीवन जीते। हैं। उन्हें भी अन्यों की तरह बराबर समझा जाना चाहिए। उन्हें भी समाज में सामान्य जीवन जीने के लिये प्रेरित करना चाहिए। वे मानव समाज में करुणा के पात्र हैं। लेखक प्राणी के पालन-पोषण में माँ की प्रमुख भूमिका को प्रस्तुत करता है।

He did not take the bus with the rest of the boys because he was so happy because of the holiday of Sunday the next day and it would be the way of great pleasure for him. He was in a hurry to go to home and liked to enjoy the beauty of the nature and play together with the plants and flowers on the way.

उसने अन्य बच्चों के साथ स्कूल बस नहीं ली क्योंकि वह बहुत खुश था क्योंकि रविवार की छुट्टी थी। और यह उसके लिए बहुत बड़ी खुशी का कारण था। वह घर जाने की जल्दी में था तथा रास्ते में प्रकृति की सुन्दरता तथा पेड़-पौधों एवं फूलों का आनन्द लेना चाहता था।

The students would go to the library for the last hour on every Saturday.

छात्र प्रत्येक शनिवार को अन्तिम कालांश में पुस्तकालय में जाते थे।

The boy thought about his mother, lemon pie and the plants in the garden while returning to home from school.

कहानी के लड़के ने स्कूल से घर लौटते समय अपनी माँ, लेमन पाई तथा बगीचे में पौधों के बारे में सोचा?

(D) All of these

Atomic volume of a mole of hydrogen 

= (4/3)πr³ x N_A 

= (4/3) × 3.14 × (1 × 10^-10)³ × 6.022 × 10²³

= 2.52 × 10^-6 m³

Required ratio

= (22.4L/(2.52 x 10^-6 m³))

= ((22.4 x 10^-3)/(2.52 x 10^-6))

= 9 × 10³

This ratio is large because the intermolecular separation in a gas is much larger than the size of a molecule.

C. Formation of thymine dimer

Objects nearer to the eye subtend a greater angle in the eye than the distant objects. When we move, the change in this angle is less for distant objects than for near objects. So the distant objects seem stationary but nearer objects seem to move in the opposite direction.

Due to motion of the train, the line of sight (line joining the object to the eye of the observe) of a nearby tree changes its direction rapidly and accordingly they appear to run in opposite directions. On the other hand, the line of sight of a distant star of a cliff does not change its direction owing to its extremely large distance from the eye. Due to this, the distant cliff or the star appears stationary.

Line of sight is defined as an imaginary line joining an object and an observer’s eye. When we observe nearby stationary objects such as trees, houses, etc. while sitting in a moving train, they appear to move rapidly in the opposite direction because the line of sight changes very rapidly.
On the other hand, distant objects such as trees, stars, etc. appear stationary because of the large distance. As a result, the line of sight does not change its direction rapidly.

1. Because of its heat producing capacity (calorific value), it is considered to be a good fuel.

2. It bums without producing smoke. Hence, it does not cause any pollution. 

3.It is a dean fuel and can be conveniently handled.

1. Solutions in ethanol are often prepared in pharmaceutical industry, these solutions are known as tinctures. 

2. For example, a solution of Iodine and potassium iodide in ethanol is called tincture of iodine.

3. It is also used as an important raw material for the synthesis of many organic compounds, for example, ethanol, ethanoic acid, ethanoie anhydride, esters, chloroform, etc.

1. Conglomerate: Here, two totally unrelated business activities mearge. Pure conglomerate mergers is between the firms with nothing in common. Mixed conglomerate mergers involve firms which are going for product extensions or market extensions. Example: Walt Disney Company and the American Broadcasting Company. Here the new company formed had to face tough competition in both the products. 

2. Horizontal merger: This merger is between companies in the same industry. It is a type of business consolidation that occurs between firms which are competitors and offering the same goods or service. It is in the condition where competition tends to be higher and the potential gains in market share are much greater for merging firms in such an industry. Example: A merger between Coca-Cola and the Pepsi beverage division, would create a new, larger organisation with more market share. 

3. Market extension mergers: It takes place between two companies that deal in the same products but in different markets. This merger is to make sure that the merging results in a bigger market and a bigger client base. Example: The acquisition of Eagle Bancshares Inc. by the RBC gave RBC a chance to deal in the financial market of Atlanta, which is among the leading upcoming financial markets in the USA. RBC has thus diversified due to this move.

4. Product extension mergers: A product extension merger takes place between two business organizations that deal in products that are related to each other and operate in the same market. The product extension merger allows the merging companies to group together their products ‘ and get access to a bigger set of consumers. This ensures that they earn higher profits. Example: The acquisition of Mobilink Telecom Inc. by Broadcom Broadcom deals in the’ manufacturing of Bluetooth personal area network hardware systems and chips for IEEE 802.11b wireless LAN. Mobilink Telecom Inc. deals in the manufacturing of product designs meant for handsets that are equipped with the Global System for Mobile Communications technology. It is expected that the products of Mobilink Telecom Inc. would be complementing the wireless products of Broadcom. 

5. Vertical merger: A merger between two companies producing different goods or services for one specific finished product. A vertical merger occurs when two or more firms, operating at different levels within an industry’s supply chain, merge operations. Most often the logic behind the merger is to increase synergies created by merging firms that would be more efficient operating as one. Example: A vertical merger joins two companies that may not compete with each other, but exist in the same supply chain. An automobile company joining with a parts supplier would be an example of a vertical merger. Such a deal would allow the automobile division to obtain better pricing on parts and have better control over the manufacturing process. The parts division, in turn, would be guaranteed a steady stream of business.

The advantages a franchisor gains through franchising are related to expansion risk, capital requirements and cost advantages that result from extensive buying power. It is clear from the Subway example that Fred De Luca would not have been able to achieve the size and scope of his business without franchising it. In order to use franchising as an expansion method, the franchisor must have established value and credibility that someone else is willing to buy. 

Quick expansion: 

(a) Franchising for allows an entrepreneur an easy way to start the business the venture and to expand quickly using little capital. 

(b) It helps to reflect on the problems and issues that an entrepreneur faces in trying to manage and grow a new venture. 

Cost advantages: Many franchise businesses produce parts, accessories, packaging and raw materials in large quantities, then in turn sell these to the franchisees. The franchisee are usually required to purchase these items as part of the franchise agreement and they usually benefit from lower prices. One of the biggest cost advantages of franchising a business is the ability to commit larger sums of money to advertising.Each franchisee contributes a percentage of sales (1 to 2 %) to an advertising pool.

According to the American Heritage Dictionary, the term ‘synergy’ is derived ; from the Greek word sunergos, meaning “working together.” When two or more people or organizations combine their efforts, they can accomplish more together than if you added their accomplishments achieved separately…” Positive synergy is sometimes called the 2A + 2B = 5AB effect. Individually each subsystem can produce two units of output. And if we combine their efforts and work together effectively, the two subsystems can produce five units of output. Mergers and acquisitions are corporate- level strategies designed to achieve positive synergy. The 2004 acquisition of AT&T Wireless by Cingular was an effort to create customer benefits and growth prospects that neither company could have achieved on its own— Values: 

1. offering better coverage, 

2. improved quality and reliability, 

3. a wide array of innovative services for consumers, 

4. broadening the firm’s product or market mix will result in a higher level of performance. When two or more people or organizations combine their efforts, and if they can produce less than. If added their accomplishments achieved separately. Negative synergy can be called the 2A + 2B = 3 AB effect. When an individuals operating alone can each produce two units of output. However, with negative synergy, the combination of their efforts results in less output than what they would have achieved if they had each worked alone

Negative synergy can result from: 

1. inefficient committees, business units that lack strategic planning, 

2. poor functioning of joint efforts, 

3. inefficient workers, 

4. if one of the individual dominate and control the group decision or less effective group decisions.

1. Adaptability: It is the ability to adjust to new situations-and find creative solutions to problems. 

2. Opportunity: It means a chance to do something new. When his problem is solved by him in a challenging way, he find opportunities. 

3. Competitiveness: It also implies that competition is perceived as a challenge which motivates the entrepreneur to strive harder. The advertisements that we see in newspapers, journals and on TV will indicate the continuous competition among entrepreneurs and how they constantly strive to maintain their competitive edge. For a successful entrepreneur competition is a tonic for further growth. 

4. Confidence: Self-belief is a very important trait of all successful entrepreneurs. They strongly believe that they can do what they set out to do. 

5. Dedication: All successful entrepreneurs are consumed by a goal or purpose. As project champions they are dedicated to fulfillment of their vision. 

6. Vision and Drive: The ability to see the end results of one’s goals while working to achieve them and the desire to work hard to accomplish one’s goals are other important traits of successful entrepreneurs.

7. Honesty: A successful entrepreneur is invariably honest. Contrary to popular beliefs all great entrepreneurs have always had the commitment to tell the truth and deal with people fairly. It is one trait that guarantees sustainable growth.

The balanced scale symbolizes that everyone is treated equally in the eyes of law.

Lady Justice (Goddess of Justice)

1. Main exports : Salt, pepper, Ivory, Silk, Spices, Diamonds, Saffron, Precious stones, Muslin, Sandal wood.

2. Main imports : Topaz, tin, wine, glass, horses.

Omainental gateway (Pailou) built during Han dynasty (202 BCE – 220 CE) across street lined with small shobs, Hanzhong, Shaanxi Province China in 1875.

1. There were two kinds of markets or bazaars in the leading cities like Puhar and Madurai.

2. In Madurai, they were Nalangadi (the morning bazaar) and Allanga (the evening bazaar).

3. In these markets, large varieties as well as large quantities of goods were sold and purchased

1. The kingship was hereditary.

2. The eldest son of the reigning king generally succeeded to the throne.

3. The coronation ceremony was known as Arasukattilerudhal or Mudisoottuvila.

4. The crown prince was known as Komahan.

5. King held a daily durbar (naalavai) at which he heard and resolved all the disputes. 

6. The income to the state was through taxation.

7. The kings and soldiers wore the heroic anklet (Veera kazhal).

8. Spies were used.

9. A wound in the back was considered a disgrace.

Arts:

1. There are many references to variety of musical instruments such as drum, flute and yazh.

2. Karikalan was master of seven notes of music.

3. Singing bards were called panar and vraliyar.

4. Dancing was performed by kanigaiyar. Koothu was the most important cultural practice of the people of Sangam Age.

5. They developed the concept of Muthamizh (Iyal, Isai, Naatakam).

Occupation : 

1. The major occupations of the people were : agriculture, cattle rearing, fishing and hunting. 

2. Other craftsmen like carpenter, blacksmith, goldsmith, and potters were also part of the population.

3. Weaving was the most common part-time occupation of the farmers and a regular full time job for many others.

1. The prominent weapons used during this period were sword, kedayam (shield), tomaram (lance) spears, bows and arrows.

2. Tomaram is mentioned as a missile to be thrown at the enemy from a distance.

3. The place where the weapons were kept was known as Paddaikottil.

1. False 

2. False 

3. True 

4. False 

5. False