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Sulphuric acid acts as a catalyst and a dehydrating agent in the formation of ethene at 443 K.

\(CH_3CH_2OH\overset{Conc.H_2SO_4} \rightarrow CH_2=CH_2 +H_2O\)

True

Heating ethanol at 443 K with excess concentrated sulphuric acid results in the dehydration of ethanol to give ethene.

(i) Alkyne

(ii) Alkene

(i) Ketone 

(ii) Aldehyde

Water containing calcium and magnesium salts is known as hard water. Among the given salts, calcium sulphate, magnesium chloride and calcium chloride can be dissolved in water to obtain hard water.

(i) Alcohol group 

(ii) Carboxylic acid group

Correct option is: D) All the test tubes

Scum is formed by reaction of soap with calcium and magnesium salts in water. Test-tubes R and S contain calcium chloride and magnesium chloride, respectively. Therefore, scum will be formed in these two test-tubes.

Allotropy: The property of an element to exist in two or more physical forms having more or less similar chemical properties but different physical properties is called allotropy.

—CH₂— is the difference in the molecular formula of any two consecutive members of a homologous series of organic compounds.

Functional group: An atom or a group of atoms in an organic molecule, which is responsible for the compound’s characteristic reactions and determines its properties is known as a functional group.

Diamond: A transparent form of carbon that is the hardest known material

1. (ii) 3

2. (iv) 4

3. (iii) Both (i) and (ii)

4. (ii) FALSE

5. (ii) FALSE

(B) Propanal, propanone

Correct option is  C) 3.35 A°

Unsaturated hydrocarbons: The hydrocarbons containing at least one double bond (C = C) or containing at least one triple bond (C C) between the two carbon atoms are called unsaturated hydrocarbons.

Saturated hydrocarbons on combustion give carbon dioxide and water with the liberation of heat.

Saturated hydrocarbons: The hydrocarbons containing C – C single bonds are known as saturated hydrocarbons.

There are two types of hydrocarbons –

saturated and unsaturated.

Graphite: A soft dark grey or black form of carbon that occurs naturally as a mineral.

Correct option is  B) tetrahedral

Correct option is  B) sp²

Hydrocarbons – A compound of carbon and hydrogen

A) trigonal planar

B) two dimensional

1. In graphite, each ‘C’ is surrounded by three other ‘C’ atoms. 

2. The ‘C’ atoms are arranged in layers. 

3. In the layer structure, the carbon atoms are in trigonal planar environment. 

4. Each layer consists of a 2- dimensional hexagonal network.

(i) Due to catenation – Self linking property 

(ii) Tetravalency of carbon – Forms compounds with other elements.

No, Zinc is plated on iron to prevent it from corrosion and formation of rust.

A. carbonic acid 

Carbonic acid is a weak electrolyte because it does not completely dissociate into the aqueous solution.

Copper wire, acidified copper sulphate solution

Fine machine parts can be repaired by electroplating them.

Sugar does not contain ions. So, it is non-electrolyte.

(d) Both A and R are correct but R is not the correct explanation of A.

Crystals have long range repeated pattern of arrangement of constitutent particles but in the process of crystallisation some deviations from the ideal arrangement (i.e. defects) may be introduced, therefore, crystals are usually not perfect.

Correct option is D. All of the above

The liquids and gases have a property to flow i.e. the molecules can move past and tumble over one another freely. Hence, they have been categorised as fluids.

H₂Te <H₂Se < H₂S <H₂O

Electrons enter into different atomic orbitals in the increasing order of their energies.

The German word Aufbau means building up.

Isobars are atoms having the same mass number but different atomic number

e.g. ⁴⁰₂₀Ca , ⁴⁰₁₈Ar

धन एवं ऋण आयनों के बीच मजबूत आकर्षण बल के कारण आयनिक यौगिक ठोस एवं कठोर होत है।

A boundary surface is drawn in space for an orbital such that the value of probability density (ψ²) is constant and encloses a region where the probability of finding electron is typically more than 90%. 

Such a boundary surface diagram is a good representation of shape of an orbital.

e.g.,

Boundary surface diagram of Is and 2s orbitals are spherical in shape.

अयस्क से धातुओं का निष्कर्षण करने तथा धातुओं को प्राप्त करने की प्रक्रिया को धात्विक या धातु क्रम कहते है ।