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Linus Torvalds developed LINUX in 1991.

Graphical User Interface: Today, computers have an operating system which is called GUI’s. A GUI (Graphical User Interface) operating system is one which is capable of executing the commands by displaying a menu from which the user can select a command using the mouse. The GUI features of LINUX is known as the X-window system or simply X (this x- window does not mean the Microsoft’s Windows operating system). The GUI is a bitmapped display, while the command line interface is character-based display. The X Free 86 is the Red Hat’s version of the x-window system. This x-window system was created in 1984 at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). In the x-window system, several windows can be opened, each running a different application.

The x-window system works on client-server technology. The x-server is a process that displays information from applications (xclients) using the x-GUI. Any application/program that makes requests of the x-server will become the x-client. Some systems have a graphic login that automatically starts the x-server when the system boots.

Linux is a multi-user operating system. It means multiple users can work on it and to maintain the security among different users we need to login in Linux by giving user name and password. After the computer boot and the operating system has started, the operating system asks for user name and password. On the login window, there are several buttons with various functions; you need to give user name and password to start with the Linux desktop and ignore the other buttons. Linux allows us to work with different desktop environments like KDE, GNOME, etc. By default, Red Hat Linux starts you off with a GNOME desktop.

1. GUI Graphical User Interface WYSIWYG What You See Is What You Get. 

2. GUI contains icons that represent files, folders and other applications.

Icons (or graphical pictures) represent applications, files and other parts of the operating system. These are the main part of GUI which help a user to operate some digital device in an easy way.

Graphical User Interface (GUI) 

It is a visual environment for representing programs, files and options with graphical images such as icons, menus and dialog boxes on the screen. The user could select and activate/deactivate these elements by pointing and clicking with a mouse or often with the keyboard. 

Features of GUI:  

1.  A pointing device allows the user to identify and select the necessary commands by moving the cursor to a certain location on the screen, e.g. Mouse, joystick etc. 

2.  The object being manipulated remains visible on the screen before the manipulation and after the manipulation. 

3.  WYSIWYG (What You See Is What You Get) means that a printed document is exactly a copy of what you see on the screen. 

4.  A GUI provides adequate messages and information from time to time depending upon the application. 

5.  Quality of reversal is the ability to revert the previous state of action.  Icons represent files, folders and other applications. 

6.  Dialog boxes, sliders, buttons, check boxes allow the user to inform computer, what to do and how to do. 

7.  Graphical display of the current actions informs the user regarding the current action and a method to interrupt the same action by using graphical animation.

Windows is a Graphical User Interface (GUI) which is developed, marketed and sold by Microsoft. It has pictures (graphics) that you use to communicate (interface) with the computer. This type of system is popular because it is logical, fun and easy to use.

He can create a text file using Notepad or WordPad. Follow these steps to create a file using Notepad: 

(a)  Step 1:  Click Start. 

(b)  Step 2:  Choose All Programs —> Accessories —> Notepad. 

(c)  Step 3:  Notepad opens. 

(d)  Step 4: Type name and roll number of students.

(e)  Step 5:  To save file, click File button —> Choose Save As option. 

(f)  Step 6:  The Save As dialog box will appear. 

(g)  Step 7:  Give file name with extension. 

(h)  Step 8:  Click Save button.

Windows is an operating system based on graphical user interface. Graphical user interface means that it has pictures (graphics) that you use to communicate (interface) with the computer.

Some important programs of Accessories are as follows: 

1.  Calculator It offers advanced capabilities of a programming, scientific and statistical calculator. 

2.  Text Editor It refers to a simple Word processor application that is used to create and edit text. e.g. WordPad and Notepad. 

3.  Paint It refers to a painting tool that is used to create drawings on a blank drawing area or in an existing pictures.

Taskbar is the long horizontal bar at the bottom of your screen. It includes Start button, Quick Launch toolbar, Open Application toolbar, Notification area and Show Desktop button.

(c) Desktop is the first and main screen area that you see after your Turn ON your computer and Log ON to Windows.

Recycle Bin represent graphical representation of various files and programs of an operating system.

Icons  represent graphical representation of various files and programs of an operating system.

(a) Title bar contains the title of a currently opened page and it is present at the topmost line of a window.

(c) Date and Time are the part of taskbar which is found at the bottom of the screen.

The bottom line of any window is called Status bar in which an application can display various kinds of status information such as current window’s state, background tasks (such as printing, scanning etc) or other contextual information (such as selection, etc).

The taskbar  is the long horizontal bar that you see at the bottom of your desktop.

Drives 

A drive or disk drive is a hardware device in which you can store files and folders. Disk drives are assigned by a letter (e.g. C, D, E etc.) 

Your hard drive (the drive inside your Computer icon) is known as the (C:, D:, E: ) drive. Hard disk drive is the location where all files are stored in any computer. In Windows, the name of hard drive start from C: drive because it is the first available drive letter. The computer assigns A: and B: drives to floppy disks and sometimes other removable media such as tape drives.

(D) Computer

  Files are the collection of various information.

The Start menu is a gateway to the applications that are present on your computer. The left side of the Start menu lists programs, and the right side allows access to common windows folders. It also provides access to Help and Support, Search and Run options.

Correct option is  (A) 8 Bits

True 

Windows allows us to use a Word processing application to write a letter. It also lets you to use different types of applications or softwares.

1. True

2. True

False 

Status bar is not used to switch between open windows and applications but it simply shows the status of currently running applications.

(B) Character (E) Data

 Correct Answer is  8 Bits

(D) Computer

Correct Answer is  Computer

Correct option is  (D) Byte

Correct Answer is  Byte

Start button allows you to open menus, start applications etc.

(D) Operating System

Some common filename extensions are as follows: 

1.  .docx – MS-Word document 

2.  .rtf – WordPad document 

3.  .txt – Notepad text file 

4.  .eml – E-mail file 

5.  .xlsx – MS-Excel file  

6.  .htm – HTML file (Web page) 

7.  .html – HTML file (Web page) 

8.  .pptx – MS-PowerPoint presentation

Correct Answer is  True

True 

When a shortcut is deleted, the original item exists on its original location without any changes.

Correct option is  (D) Byte

Correct Answer is  Byte

1. True

2. True

The menu bar contains various options such as File, Edit, View etc.

1. False

2. True

3. False

True 

The filename and file extension are separated by a period because different, types of files store different types of information and each type of file has a file extension, which identifies the file type.

Local Area Network

(B) Local Area Network

Correct Answer is  Primary Memory

Correct Answer is  Nibble

1. False

2. False

1. False

2. True

False 

The size of Notepad file should not be more than 64 kilobytes that is stored in ASCII format.