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The vast northern plains like Uttar Pradesh, Bihar and West Bengal and coastal plains are thickly populated areas in India.

The river plains are thickly populated as it is easier to make buildings, construct roads and have all kinds of transportation facilities. The land is also very fertile, rich in minerals. Thus, making it easier for people to grow crops for their living.

A lot of flat lands are available in plains. Also, the available land is generally fertile. Hence, plains are the most useful areas for human habitation as well as for cultivation. Transport network can also be easily constructed in plains. Thus, plains are very thickly populated regions of the world.

The answer is  (B) Terai

The factors that affect the distribution of population in our country are physical features, climate, availability of natural resources and the level of industrialization.

Northern plains have fertile land which is best suited for agriculture. Transport and communication facilities are well developed and employment opportunities are also good.

Sex ratio is defined as the number of females per thousand males. In India, on an average, there are more males than females- 940 females for every 1000 males. In some states, the sex ratio is low like only 877 females to every 1000 males in Haryana and 893 females to every 1000 males in Punjab. There are a number of reasons. Greater mortality rates of female babies and the girl child being killed at birth are two important reasons for poor sex ratio in these states. 

Kerala and Puducherry have the highest sex ratio with 1084 females to 1000 males in Kerala and 1038 females to every 1000 males in Puducherry. High literacy rate is the reason for this. The fewer number of females per 1000 males in India is a major concern. Which can raise many social issue.

The different realms of the earth are lithosphere, hydrosphere and atmosphere.

The factors which have made life possible on earth and on no other planet are as follows : 

1. Earth is the only planet in the Solar System which is neither too hot nor too cold. 

2. The atmospheric blanket around the earth protects it from ultra-violet and other deadly sun rays. 

3. The mixture of gases in the atmosphere is suited to growth and survival of life. 

4. Plants, through the process of photosynthesis take away carbon dioxide from atmosphere and make oxygen available for animals to breathe. 

5. Oceans play a great supportive role. They cover three-fourths of earths surface and are responsible for operation of hydrological cycle which makes water on land surface available. 

6. Circulation of many life cycles not make energy and food available but also process the wastes which otherwise would harm life.

Sun’s light is reflected from the surface of the moon.

(a) Presence of atmosphere 

(b) Presence of water

27 days 7 hours 43 minutes.

Earth is known as ‘blue planet’ .

Third position of the Earth from the Sun .

Sun is the centre of the Solar System-Sun or Earth.

Inner Planets : 

1. The Planets similar to the Earth are known as inner planet (small, in size) 

2. Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars are inner planets and are known as terrestrial planets. 

Outer Planets : 

1. The planets which are not similar to Earth are known as outer planets, (large in size) 

2. Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune and Pluto are outer planets and as known as major planets.

15.8 light year

Mercury and Venus.

The unit used for measuring distances in the Universe is light year. One light year is defined as the distance traveled by light in vacuum in one year. One light year = 95 × 1012 km

The earth possesses all the essential features necessary for maintaining the life-system. It is provided with atmosphere and hydrosphere along with the lithosphere. Moreover the average temperature of 17°C is ideal for survival. 

Three points of comparison with respect to other planets are as follows. 

1. Other planets are either too hot or too cold that are unfavourable for life.

2. Other planets are devoid of atmosphere and hydrosphere and some are surrounded by poisonous gases. 

3. Other planets are devoid of fresh water bodies, like rivers and lakes.

Our earth is also called a Tonely-planet’ because of its one important aspect having extensive life system.

(a) Mercury is not inhabitable due to the following reasons: 

1. A part of it turned towards the Sun is always in sunlight. There it is a continuous long day. The temperature reaches 450°C in this hottest part. It experiences a perpetual summer. 

2. Its other side is always turned away from the Sun. There is a continuous night on this side. It is like perpetual winter, the temperature going 150°C below freezing point. Therefore, the diurnal range of temperature is very high. 

3. There’is very little atmosphere and no .water on this planet. The atmospheric envelope is so thin that Mercury’s world is airless. 

(b) Venus is not inhabitable because its atmosphere contains 96% of carbon dioxide and the temperature reaches the maximum of 480°C. It is the hottest planet in the solar-system. 

(c) Jupiter is not inhabitable due to the following reason : 

1. Its surface temperature is very low (-148°C) 

2. It has no water and there are tremendous storms on the surface of the Jupiter. 

3. The atmosphere of the Jupiter is unbreathable, because of absence of oxygen and presence of poisonous gases like ammonia, methane and ethane etc. 

(d) Neptune is not inhabitable because of very low surface temperature (-216°C) and mgthane clouds surrounding it. 

(e) Saturn : Saturn is the second largest planet in solar system. The planet itself is mostly made up of light gases and it is less dense than water. If Saturn were placed in a large ocean, it will float on water Scientists, however believe that the planet may have a solid core.

A Planet : 

1. A planet revolves around a star 

2. A planet has not got its own light. 

3. A planet is a solid body.

A Star : 

1. A star remains still on its position.

 2. A star has got its own light. 

3. A star is a burning gaseous body.

The unit adopted for measuring the distances in the universe is light year. The reason for the choice of this unit is that a kilometer is too short a unit to measure the distances between one heavenly body and another in space.

(a) Mercury and Venus 

(b) Jupiter and Saturn 

(c) Pluto 

(d) Mercury

The poem is about the praise to mother for her selfless love and devotion.

The poem is about the praise to mother for her selfless love and devotion.

Mother never lets any trouble come to her child. She takes care of her child and teaches him or her what is right and what is wrong. As a friend, she is always there to listen and to advice her child.

The child realises that his mother is his friend and protective shield. He knows that he has got many important life-lessons from her therefore he feels blessed that God sent his mother from heaven.

Mother never lets any trouble come to her child. She takes care of her child and teaches him or her what is right and what is wrong. As a friend, she is always there to listen and to advice her child.

1. A few guests were visiting the master’s house.

2. Ibrahim took the mangoes to his master’s house.

3. C) sweet mangoes

4. B) sweet

5. C) Ibrahim was poor but very honest

1. A house was built (by them). 

2. Two laddus were eaten by Hari. 

3. The door was opened by James. 

4. A match was played by Mithali Raj. 

5. We were given some chocolates by Janaki. / Some chocolates were given to us by Janaki. 

6. The kabaddi match was won by Rahul’s team. 

7. Three kites were made (by them). 8. Sobhan mother’s birthday was celebrated by him. 

9. That song was sung by Basha. 

10. An interesting question was asked by Veena.

D) Vedic Sanskrit

Correct option is  A) lines

Correct option is  B) 1

B) All right angles

Correct option is  B) 13

Correct option is  C) 2/3 AB 

Let the required angle be θ

∴ supplementary angle =180^∘− θ

∴ θ = 4 × (180^∘ − θ)

⇒ 5θ = 720^∘

⇒ θ = 720^∘/5

∴ θ = 144^∘

The throned kings had the power to rule. They carry their scepter which indicates their royal power. The scepter is also a symbol of their majesty. They can create a threat and fear in the hearts of their people by using their worldly power. But Mercy is the divine quality if the monarchs had imbibed mercy in their heart, they become like God. Mercy can overrule the temporal power and kings are changed like God. So the speaker compares both and says that Mercy is the mightiest of the mightiest.

Sceptre shows the force of temporal power, In contrast, mercy is divine quality and it stands for Divine power.

(c) heart of kings

If mercy is shown to somebody, the giver is blessed; simultaneously the person who takes (receives) mercy is also blessed. So according to speaker, it is twice blessed. 

The interpretation is as follows: – 

In nature, if the cloud is blessed, it showers the rain on the earth. On the other hand, the earth also gives trees and fruits if it is blessed. That means both the cloud (giver) and the earth (receiver) were blessed twice. It is vice-versa.

(c) fear of kings

When mercy is (given) shown to somebody it is blessed and it comes back from the others. So mercy is twice blessed according to the speaker. Her Portia’s view is correct.

(c)  twice blest

“Quality of Mercy” is the extract taken from the play “The Merchant of Venice” In the play, Portia, the main character argues why mercy is the greatest virtue of all? The well-known poet William Shakespeare describes the quality of mercy through Portia in the play. This is not the poem or a sonnet only argument of Portia. Here Portia conveys and the greatness of Mercy.

The quality of mercy is not showered by force or compulsion. It showered like a gentle rain directly from Heaven or paradise to Earth. Whenever mercy is given, it comes back i.e., gives and take. So it is blessed by two times. It becomes strongest of strongest, never ceased. The kings and emperors of the earth had their power. They had all the worldly powers, they can J do, what they were thinking. They can rule as they like.

Their quality or character makes the threat in the hearts of the people. The people had fear about their king’s power, though they had majesty (dignity). But if the kings had mercy in their heart, it ruled over their power. Mercy should be seated in the hearts of the kings, they become like that of God. Then their royal power changes to God’s power. They are good to their people and loved by subjects (people). So mercy is my quality of God those who cultivate mercy in their character, they become like God. Accord ’g to the author, mercy is the divine quality and greatest virtue of all.