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 (D) Glutethamide

Substrates are reagent molecules upon which enzymes act.

The enzyme has spatial binding sites for the attachment of its substrate. These sites are called activation centres of the enzyme. Substrates bind to theses centres forming the enzyme-substrate complex.

 The X-axis experimental data are expressed as 1/S.

(B) Co-operative binding

(A) Phosphofructokinase

Correct option is (B) Ratio of serum proteins

A/G ratio is the (B) Ratio of serum proteins.

It is simply the ratio of albumin to globulin.

(B) Constitutive enzyme

The curve of variation of speed of the enzymatic reaction as a function of growing substrate concentration is a growing curve until the point where it stabilizes due to the saturation of the activation centres of the enzymes.

The curve of variation of speed of the enzymatic reaction as a function of growing temperature has a crescent portion and reaches a peak (the optimum temperature) then it decreases and reaches zero in the point of inactivity of the enzymes by denaturation.

The molecular degradation during the decomposition of organs and tissues is catalyzed by enzymes. The cooling to adequate temperatures of some organs and tissues destined for transplantation reduces that enzyme activity and thus lessens the natural decomposition process. By the same rationale, the cooling reduces the metabolic work of cells and prevents the degradation of their own structures to obtain energy. Elevation of temperature later reverts denaturation of enzymes and the organs and tissues also preserved by other specific techniques may be grafted into the receptors.

(A) The substrate concentration that gives one half V_max

(D) Product of the pathway

In Lineweaver-Burk plot, the y-intercept represents K_m.

(A) The amount of an active enzyme

(D) Far above the K_m

Substances that “simulate” substrates can bind to the activation centre of enzymes thus blocking the true substrates to bind to these enzymes and paralyzing the enzymatic reaction. Such “fake substrates” are called enzyme inhibitors.

The binding of enzyme inhibitors to enzymes can be reversible or irreversible.

Many medical drugs, for example, some antibiotics, antivirals, antineoplastics, antihypertensives and even sildenafil (trade name Viagra), are enzyme inhibitors that block enzyme activity.

Initially as substrate concentration increases, the speed of the reaction increases; this happens because free activation centres of the enzyme bind to free substrates. Once all activation centres of the available enzymes become bound to their substrates new increments of the substrate concentration will have no effect on the speed of the reaction.

(C) Activation energy 

(B) Effect of end product on rate reaction

A protein having both structural and enzymatic traits is Myosin.

The enzymatic action is highly specific because only specific substrates of one enzyme bind to the activation centre of that enzyme. Each enzyme generally catalyzes only a specific chemical reaction.

(C) Concentration of the enzyme

(B) Enzymes are highly specific in their action

(D) Restriction endonuclease

(A) ∆²⁴ Reductase

(A) Phosphofructokinase

(B) Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase

Enzyme catalyzed hydrolysis of proteins produces amino acid of the form  L. 

Catalysts are substances that reduce the activation energy of a chemical reaction, facilitating it or making it energetically viable. The catalyst increases the speed of the chemical reaction.

The catalysis does not alter the energetic state of reagents and products of a chemical reaction. Only the energy necessary for the reaction to occur, i.e., the activation energy is altered.

Catalysts are not consumed in the reactions they catalyze.

(B) Tryptophan dioxygenase

The Correct option is (B) Brain

(A) 5–6 mmol/L

(C) Dioxygenase

Mitochondrial membrane is freely preamble to malate.

(B) Acetyl CoA carboxylase

(C) Normal blood glucose level with glycosuria

Isocitrate dehydrogenase can use NAD⁺ or NADP⁺ as a cofactor.

(A) Mitochondrial matrix

(A) 2 ATP equivalents

(A) Pentose phosphate pathway

Lactate dehydrogenase is a Tetramer.

(A) High proportion of carbohydrate in diet

(A) Renal tubular reabsorption of glucose

(C) Both (A) and (B)

(A) 7-Hydroxylase reaction

 (B) Wilson’s disease

The Correct option is (A) ATP

(B) Ceramidase

(A) Ceramide trihexosidase