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Acceleration =  v - u / t = 80 – 0 / 8 = 10 ms^-2

Force = m a×= 50 /1000 x 10 = 0.5 N

Hint— This is practiced to check soil erosion through water currents on the slopes.

Density of the sealed packet = m / v = 500/350 = 1.4 g cm^-3

As the density of the packet is greater than that of the saturated salt solution, the packet will sink.

Mass of the solution displaced = Volume of the packet × Density of the solution.

= 350 × 1.2 = 420 g.

Concept:

• The ways of arranging n different things = n!
• The ways of arranging n things, having r same things and rest all are different = \(\rm n!\over r!\)
• The no. of ways of arranging the n arranged thing and m arranged things together = n! × m!
• The number of ways for selecting r from a group of n (n > r) = nCr 

Calculation:

There are 3 vowels O, I, E

Required number of ways N = 1 vowel and 3 consonants + 2 vowel and 2 consonants + 3 vowel and 1 consonants

⇒ N = [\(\rm\left(^3C_1×{^3C_3}\right) + \left({^3C_2}×{^3C_2}\right) + \left({^3C_3}×{^3C_1}\right)\)] × 4!

⇒ N =  (3 + 9 + 3) × 4!

⇒ N = 15 × 4! words

Formula Used:

Number of ways of selection of  r items out of  n items: ⁿC_r   = n!/((n-r)! × r!)

Concept:

Probable combinations of selection could be as follows:

Calculation:

Number of ways: ⁷C₃  × ⁶C₂ + ⁷C₄ × ⁶C₁ + ⁷C₅ × ⁶C₀

⇒ 35× 15 + 35× 6 + 21× 1

⇒ 756

Number of ways in which the following activities can be done = 756

GIVEN:

Team members = 11

Male = 8

Female = 5

CALCULATION:

Case: A

Males = At Least 6 (6, 7, 8)

Females = (3, 4, 5)

Possible ways = ⁸C₈ x ⁵C₃ + ⁸C₇ x ⁵C₄ + ⁸C₆ x ⁵C₅

Possible ways = A = 78

Case: B

Females = At Least 3 (3, 4, 5)

Males = (6, 7, 8)

Possible ways = ⁸C₈ x ⁵C₃ + ⁸C₇ x ⁵C₄ + ⁸C₆ x ⁵C₅

Possible ways = B = 78

A = B

The action of facilitator proteins in facilitated diffusion makes this type of diffusion faster than simple diffusion under equal concentration gradients of the moved substance.

The three main types of passive transport are simple diffusion, osmosis and facilitated diffusion.

Like simple diffusion facilitated diffusion is more intense when the concentration a gradient of the substance increases and less intense when the gradient lessens. In facilitated diffusion, however, there is a limiting factor: the quantity of the permeases that facilitate the transport through the membrane. Even in a situation in which the concentration a gradient of the diffusing substance increases, if there are not enough permeases to perform the transport there will be no increase in the intensity of the diffusion. This situation is called saturation of the transport proteins and it represents the point at which the maximum transport capacity of the substance across the membrane is achieved.

The higher the concentration gradient of a substance the more intense its simple diffusion will be. If the concentration gradient diminishes the intensity of simple diffusion diminishes too.

The energy necessary for active transport (against the concentration gradient of the transported substance) to occur comes from ATP molecules. The active transportation uses chemical energy from ATP. 

Simple diffusion is the direct passage of substances across the membrane in favour of their concentration gradient. In facilitated diffusion the movement of substances are also in favour of their concentration gradient but the substances move bound to specific molecules that act as “permeabilizers”, i.e., facilitators of their passage through the membrane.

Hemolysis (destruction of red blood cells) by the entrance of water, the hydric regulation in plants and the entrance of water in the xylem of vascular plants are all examples of biological phenomena caused by osmosis.

Excessive dilution of the blood plasma causes, by osmosis, the entrance of too much water into red blood cells and then the destruction of these cells (hemolysis). Osmosis is also the main process for maintenance of the flaccid, turgid or plasmolytic states of plant cells. Osmosis is one of the forces responsible for the entrance of water into plant roots since root cells are hypertonic in comparison to the soil.

Osmosis is the phenomenon of movement of solvent particles (in general, water) from a region of lower solute concentration to a region of higher solute concentration. Diffusion, on the other hand, is the movement of solutes from a region of higher solute concentration to a region of lower solute concentration.

One can consider osmosis as movement of water (solvent) and diffusion as movement of solutes, both concentration gradient-driven.

Substances that maintain a highly hypertonic environment, like sugar and salt, are used in the production of dried meat, fruits or fish (for example, cod) because the material to be conserved is then dehydrated and the resulting dryness prevents the growth of populations of decomposer beings (since these beings also lose water and die).

The organs of the body of the organisms which are non-functional but were functional in their early ancestors are called as the vestigial organs. eg. Coccyx, third eyelid, vermiform appendix in man. 

Atavistic organs are those vestigial organs which have become functional eg. Birth of human baby with a small tail, development of power of moving pinna in same persons and presence of additional mammae in some human beings.

Three layered embryo is called Gastrula.

The athlete’s fitness index score is calculated with the help of following formula. Fitness index score = (100 × test duration in seconds) divided by (2 × sums of heartbeats in recovery period). 

(100 × 180 Sec)/ 2 × 54 = 500/3 = 166.66

(2) Gibberellin

(4) Phytochrome

Correct Answer is :(d) Frontal

Correct Answer is : (b) Gout

d) Paracetamol 

c) Butorphanol  

b) Paracetamol

Paracetamol non-narcotic agents inhibits mainly cyclooxygenase (COX) in CNS.

1. Vitamin C is important because it is required for the synthesis of intercellular cement “collagen”, which is responsible for keeping various cells of the human body together.

2. Amla, lemon, orange, pineapple, cabbage, cauliflower, green peas and tomato, etc. are the sources of vitamin C.

3. The disease scurvy is caused due to deficiency of vitamin C.

4. The disease scurvy can be prevented by taking a balanced diet enriched with vitamin C.

5. The side effects of taking vitamin C tablets on a long term basis are – the reformation of oxalates, kidney stones, diarrhoea, abnormal heart rhythm, etc.

6. Amla was one of the main ingredients to save fighting forces from scurvy disease during World War II.

7. Deficiency

8. Abruptly

9. Lactating

Answer (a) 25% sons colour blind and all daughters with phenotypically normal vision

Correct option is (1) NF₃

NF₃ is stable while NCl₃, NBr₃, Nl₃ are explosive.

 NI₃ is least basic

Correct option is (A) NF₃

Order of stability:-

NF₃ > NCl₃ > NBr₃ > NI₃

When SnCl₂ solution is added to HgCl₂ solution, initially white ppt, of Hg₂Cl₂ is formed which further reacts with SnCl₂ forming metallic grey Hg

2HgCl₂ + SnCl₂ → SnCl₄ + Hg₂Cl₂ (white)

Hg₂Cl₂ + SnCl₂ → SnCl₄ + 2Hg (grey)

 (b) XeF₄ is planar 

Considering the above data, the standard electrode potential (E°) for Fe³⁺ + e → Fe²⁺   is 0.771 V .