Explore topic-wise InterviewSolutions in Current Affairs.

Correct answer is Urvashi

There methods that help in reducing the problem of waste disposal are: 

(i) Use compos table items 

(ii) Reduce the use of plastics 

(iii) Recycle the items 

We can help in reducing the problem of waste disposal by the following methods: 

• By separating biodegradable substances from non-biodegradable substances 

• By reducing, reusing and recycling non- biodegradable substance 

• The biodegradable substances should be used to manufacture the soil- manure by depositing it in under the soil. 

• The non- biodegradable substances can be used as landfills. 

• Reducing the volume of wastes by burning them in incinerators. 

• Production of compost, biogas from bio- degradable wastes.

Music, book, activities, expansive thoughts, living in the present.

CTRL+ C and CTRL + V is shortcut for cut and paste command.

Adaptability, Decisiveness, Initiative, Self-Confidence, Organizational Skills, Critical thinking.

Correct answer is b. Updated 

Construction worker, landscape architect, Green Building expert, Rain water harvesting expert. Building Planner.

Correct answer is c. Ctrl+X 

Correct answer is a. Self motivation 

Recycling is the action or process of converting waste into reusable material.

Advantages of Computer Aided Design:

• Accuracy to landscape designs 
• Cost saving
• Increased Productivity 
• Time saving 
• Uniform Designs 
• Editing 
• Quick learning of software than hand drafting

Press Ctrl + C to copy the file or the folder. 

Self- motivated individuals have an inner urge to do something, achieve their goals without any external pressure. It is a life skill and must be necessarily developed. 

Role of APEDA in promotion of floriculture: APEDA is responsible for export promotion and developing of Floriculture and floriculture products. 

The following assistance and promotional efforts have been made for Export Oriented Floriculture units:

• Scheme for development of infrastructure and services. 
• Scheme for Development of Post-harvest Infrastructure 
• Scheme for Packaging Development. 
• Scheme for Export Promotion and Market Development. 
• Scheme for Survey, Feasibility, Consultancy and Database 
• Scheme for Air Freight Subsidy 
• Scheme for assistance to promote Quality Control and Quality Assurance. 
• Research & Development 
• Establishment of Cold Stores at major International Airports for Perishables 
• Scheme for establishment of Auction Houses for Flowers.

Various biofertilizers used in Indian agriculture and their application methodology.

Various biofertilizers used in Indian agriculture are:

• Nitrogen fixing biofertilizers: Rhizobium, Azospirillium and Azotobacter 
• Phosphorous solubilizing biofertilizers: Bacillus, Pseudomonas and Aspergillus 
• Phosphate mobilizing biofertilizers: Mycorrhiza 
• Plant growth promoting biofertilizers: Pseudomonas sp.

Rhizobium: Rhizobium has ability to fix nitrogen in association with leguminous plants. Rhizobium inoculation ensures adequate N supply for legumes (cowpea, green gram, blackgram, pea, chickpea, groundnut, soybean, berseem, subabul) in place of N fertilizer and observed that Rhizobium can fix 50-300 kg N/ha.

Azotobacter: Azotobacter free-living bacteria that fix atmospheric nitrogen in cereal crops and do not need a specific host plant. Azotobacter helps in saving 10 to 20 kg N/ha and it produces growth promoting substances (vitamins of B groups, indole acetic acid and gibberellic acid) which improve seed germination and growth of extended root system. It is recommended for Rice, wheat, millets, other cereals, cotton, vegetable, sunflower, mustard, flowers, etc.

Azospirillium: The bacteria have been found to live within the root of sorghum, pearl millet and rage plants. They fix atmospheric nitrogen at the rate of 15-30 kg N/ha and secrete growth regulatory substances. It is recommended for paddy, maize, wheat, sorghum, sugarcane, etc.

Phosphate Solubilizing Microorganisms: Phosphorus is one of the most important essential plant nutrients. Large amounts of phosphorus are fixed in the soil. The solubilization effect of phospho-bacteria is generally due to the production of organic acids that lower the soil pH and bring about the dissolution of bound forms of phosphate which increase the availability of phosphate in soil. Phosphate solubilizing micro-organism includes efficient strain of bacteria, fungi, yeast and actinomycetes. It is recommended for all the crops.

Vesicular Arbuscular Mycorrhiza (VAM): VAM symbiosis refers to a mutualistic, symbiotic relationship formed between fungi and living roots of higher plants. The plant roots transmit substances to the fungi, and the fungi aid in transmitting nutrients and water to the plant roots. Further, VAM fungi solubilise inorganic forms of nutrients through release of low molecular weight organic acids.

Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR): Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) are a group of free-living bacteria that colonize the rhizosphere and benefit the root growth. Bacteria of diverse genera were identified as PGPR of which Bacillus and Pseudomonas sp. are dominant.

Application Methodologies of Biofertilizers:

Application method for seed, soil & planting materials Procedure Seed treatment with biofertilizers: Seed inoculation of cereals, oilseeds and pulses with culture one packet (200 g) is sufficient to treat 10-12 kg seed. Use of the respective inoculum properly and instant sowing of the inoculated seeds with minimal waiting period between treatment and sowing are necessary for greater effectiveness. The recommended rates/dosage is to be mixed with sufficient quantity of sticking agent/water to form slurry. Seeds are treated with the slurry of the culture in a manner that all the seeds are coated with culture slurry properly.

The seeds are then shade dried and sown with minimal waiting period.

• Prepare culture suspension by mixing one packet biofertilizer in about 400 ml water in 1:2 ratio 
• Spread culture suspension on the heap of the seeds and mix by hand so coating is uniformly applied to the seeds. 
• Spread the seeds under shade for some time for drying and then sow.

Seedling treatment: Sufficient quantity of water and organic fertilizer or field soil to form slurry and the seedling roots are immersed in this slurry for about 30 minutes before planting so that the roots are well drenched with the slurry.

Sugarcane sett treatment: Biofertilizers is mixed with sufficient quantity of water and organic fertilizer and sugarcane sets are soaked in the mix of biofertilizers + water + organic fertilizer for about an hour and planted in the fields.

Soil application: This method varies crop to crop depending on its duration. Generally, for a short duration (less than 6 months), 10-15 packets (each of 200 g) are mixed with 40- 60 kg of well decomposed cattle manure or with 40-60 kg soil for one acre land. Mixture of bio-fertilizer and cattle manure sprinkled with water is then broadcasted into soil at time of sowing. For long duration crop 20-30 packets of bio-fertilizer (each containing 200 g) are mixed with 80- 120 kg manure/acre.

Material cost:

It refers to the cost of raw materials used in preparing food. It is inclusive of the decorative items or materials used to support the food e.g., silver foil, cake wrapper, etc.

Pulsing: It consists of placing the lower portion of cut flower stems in solution containing high percentage of sugar and germicide for a period of few hours to two days. Specific formulations developed vary with the flower species as sucrose 2-20% for 12-48 hours at 20 -27^◦ C and relative humidity 80-100% under 2000-2500 lux cool light.

Correct answer is a) Paragraph 

A. Rose

Flower crop which is being exported from India in February is Rose.

When stress affects the Brain, rest of the body also feels the impact. 

Correct option (1) ΔH < 0 and ΔS > 0 

Explanation:

At constant P and T and for the process to be spontaneous.

We should have ΔG = –ve

and we know that

ΔG = ΔH – TΔS

If ΔH = –ve and ΔS = + ve then at all the temperature the process will be spontaneous 

Pinching: It refers to removal of the growing point of a shoot along with a few leaves so as to encourage branching or to produce a bushy growth.

Fixed cost: 

Fixed costs are expenses that have to be paid by a company, independent of any business activity Example-Rent, interest, depreciation, insurance, etc. 

Variable cost: 

The variable cost increases or decreases in the same proportion to the volume of production. Example-Food cost

A Paragraph is a series of sentences that are organized and coherent, and are all related to a single topic. 

Asteraceae family of marigold.

Mowing: It is the cutting of lawn grass for maintaining its attractiveness for maximum utility.

Four Indian snacks prepared using gram flour are- 

• Gathiya 
• Bhakarwadi 
• Fafda 
• Pakoda

A. Cyperus rotundus

Most common weed of lawn grass is Cyperus rotundus.

Four factors to make the cookies crisp are-

1. Low proportion of liquid in the mix (stiff dough) 

2. High sugar and fat content( dough with low moisture content) 

3. Baking long enough to evaporate most of the moisture. 

4. Small size or thin shape, so the cookie dries faster during baking. 

5. Proper storage. Crisp cookies can become soft if they absorb moisture 

6. Any other

Four factors to make cookies easy to spread are-

1. High sugar content increases spread. 

2. High baking soda or baking ammonia content encourages spread. 

3. Creaming together of fat and sugar contributes to leavening by incorporating air. Creaming a mixture until light increases spread. 

4. Low oven temperature increases spread.

5. Dough with high liquid content spreads more than a stiff dough. 

6. Any other

Pothos/Money Plant and Dieffenbachia

Four factors to be considered while making soft cookies:

1. High proportion of liquid in the mix. 

2. Low sugar and fat. 

3. Large size or thick shape, so they retain more moisture. 

4. Sugars which are hygroscopic, readily absorb moisture from the air or from their surroundings.

Boiled onion paste:

• Peel and cut onions in about 1” chunks. In a pot cover with water and bring to boil. 
• Simmer till the onions are translucent and tender, cool it and grind it.

Coconut paste:

• Scrape coconut. 
• Mix with little water and grind to a smooth consistency

Four factors which contribute to be considered to make crisp cookies are- 

• Low proportion of liquid in the mix 
• High sugar and fat content 
• Enough baking time 
• Proper storage

A. 15-21°C

Ideal temperature range required by indoor plants during day time is 15-21°C.

D. Marigold

Marigold is a loose flower crop.

Correct option: b) 20- 25

Correct option: c) Marigold

Correct option: b) Lilium

It will not be included because such contribution is made by employees from Compensation of employees only.

Correct option: d) Carnation

Post-harvest technology is an inter-disciplinary "Science and Technique" applied to agricultural produce after harvest for its protection, conservation, processing, packaging, distribution, marketing, and utilization to meet the food and nutritional requirements of the people in relation to their needs.

It is included as it is treated as part of Compensation of employee.

(i) This will not be included in national income as it does not involve any production of goods and services.

(ii) It should not be included in the estimation of national income because it is a transfer payment by the firm. It is paid by out of income and therefore it is not to be separately added in the national income.

(iii) It should be included because expenditure incurred by the government is a part of government’s final consumption expenditure.

Bee species 

1. The rock bee (Apis dorsata) 

2. The Indian hive bee (Apis indica) 

3. The little bee (Apis florae)

4. The European or Italian bee (Apis mellifera)

Correct option: c) Silica gel

A. Florist

A person involved in business of cut flowers, cut foliage and floral arrangements is Florist.

Soil fertility: It refers to the ability of soil to sustain crop plant growth, i.e. to provide plant habitat and result in sustained and consistent yields of high quality.

Externalities are the good and bad impact of an activity without paying the price or penalty for that. Example of a positive externality is when a beautiful garden maintained by Mr. X raises welfare of Mr. Y even when Mr. Y is not paying for it.

Impact of externalities is not accounted in the index of welfare in terms of GDP. To that extent , GDP as an index of welfare is an inappropriate index .It either Underestimates or overestimates the level of welfare.