Explore topic-wise InterviewSolutions in Current Affairs.

(c) Sister Nivedita

(b) Bombay Times

(d) On 26th January 1930

(i) A : Mobile phone has made our lives comfortable.

B : How?

A : Well, for any project related queries, I just google. I get a variety of solved projects, I get an opportunity to refer to any information in Science.

B : Well deosn’t it have its abuses too?

A : Of course yes, any technology has its own advantages or disadvantages.

B : Most of the elders are really worried about facebook and what’s app addiction and squandering of time in social websites.

A : I agree with you absolutely. Moderation is necessary in the use of mobile phones,

(ii) A : A country without trees has a hopeless future

B : What a strong statement? Who said it?

A : Theodore Roosevelt said it.

B : Can you tell me about living legends who plant trees and protect them?

A : Have you heard of Jamuna Tudu? What has she done? Where is she?

B : She is in Jharkhand. She has fought against timber mafia and saved fifty hectare of forests with the help of women volunteers.

A : How did she achieve such a feat?

B : In 1998, she formed “Vana Suraksha Smitit” (i.e) Forest safety committee.

A : Didn’t she get opposition from villagers and Timber mafia?

B : Yes of course the villagers protested because they needed fire wood. She persuaded them to use small twigs and leave the main tree. The timber mafia looted their home and pelted stones at her husband who was critically wounded.

A : How strong is her committee now?

B : She has created 300 groups of women volunteers who roam the forest with bow and, arrows to protect the trees.

(iii) A : Do we need newspapers? We have different sources of news. Even an android phone gives one access different kinds of news.

B : Well, the question is how important is reading of news papers?

A : My contention was that one can read the e.version. 

B : Read any version, brother. Newspapers must be read.

A : Why do you advise it so strongly?

B : I advocate reading of newspaper strongly because, most of the students focus only on their Board exam or class tests. If they cultivate the habit of reading newspapers, , their knowledge of the world will expand. In future, they will be in a comfortable position to prepare for any competitive examination including IAS examination.

A : We will tell all our friends about this. 

B : That’s nice.

(iv) A : Where are you going?

B : To Sakthi Browsing Centre

A : Why?

B : To browse internet for my school project. 

A : Why don’t you visit the district library? 

B : Well, the internet section in the library is always crowded.

A : Well, I meant why don’t you refer to books? How is internet useful? 

B : Everyday knowledge is being added on. Continuous updation of data is done in internet. I have an easy access to e.profiles and projects of children. Besides, I can select video lectures of eminent personalities. When I feel low, I listen to the inspirational lectures of Suki Sivam and Jayantha Sree Balakrishnan. All subject references are available at a click of a button. Last week, I read prize winning essays on various topics. If you don’t wander into toxic Face book or What’s app, you could always use internet to your own maximum advantage. Through skype, we can talk to people around the world, share ideas and strengthen cultural bondages too.

(v) Father : Why don’t you take up B.E Information Technology.

Son ; Dad I am interested in music.

Father : It is good for entertainment. Will it give you a steady income?

Sun : Dad, let me master music. I passionately love people. I may become a good musician.

Father : All can’t become like A.R. Rehman or Ilayara Raja.

Son : Dad, let me be myself.

Father : You are my only son. Will I suggest something bad for you.

Sun : Dad, please suggest the dress in which I will look better. Suggest the food item which would suit me better. But, career option, please leave it to me.

Father : Do you really believe you can shine in the field of music?

Son : Dad, faith is life. Music is just not an entertainment.

Father : OK. It is your life. Go to music college. 

Son : Thanks Dad.

a. p(x) = (x² – 5x + 6) (x – 1) + 7 

b. p(2) = 4 – 10 + 6 + 7 = 7

The correct answer is 8000 Bits.

• The kilobyte is a multiple of the unit byte for digital information.

• The IEC 80000-13 standard uses the term 'byte' to mean eight bits (1 B = 8 bit).
• Therefore, 1 kB = 8000 bit. One thousand kilobytes (1000 kB) is equal to one megabyte (1 MB), where 1 MB is one million bytes.
• The International System of Units defines the prefix kilo as 1000.
• A kilobyte file is 1024 bytes in size.
• One kilobyte is equal to 8000 bits.

• One byte is equal to 8 bits.
• One kilobit is equal to 1000 bits.
• One kibibit is equal to 1024 bits.
• One kibibyte is equal to 8192 bits.
• One Megabit is equal to 1000000 bits.
• One Megabyte is equal to 8000000 bits.

The correct answer is Half Byte.

• Nibble is also known as half-byte or tetrade and has sixteen possible values represented by a hex digit.
• It is used to state the memory consumption to store a digit in packed decimal format within an IBM mainframe to enhance the computation and the process of debugging.

Unit Conversion Table:

• 4 bit = 1 Nibble
• 8 bit = 1 byte
• 1 KB (kilobyte) = 1024 byte
• 1 MB (megabyte) = 1024 KB
• 1 GB (gigabyte) = 1024 MB
• 1 TB (terabyte) = 1024 GB
• 1 PB (petabyte) = 1024 TB
• 1 XB (Exabyte) = 1024 PB
• 1 ZB (zettabyte) = 1024 XB
• 1 YB (yottabyte) = 1024 ZB

• Decimal value of 10 in 8-bit byte system = 00001010 = 0 × 2⁰ + 1 × 2¹ + 0 × 2² + 1 × 2³ + 0 × 2⁴ + 0 × 2⁵ + 0 × 2⁶ + 0 × 2⁷ = 2 + 8 = 10
• Decimal value of 10 in 4-bit nibble system = 1010

• In data communication, Nibble is known as Quadbits.
• The smallest unit of information which can be stored is called as Bit.
• A single bit can only hold 1 or 0.

The correct answer is Artificial Intelligence.

• Artificial Intelligence refers to intelligent behavior by machines.
• Colloquially, the term Artificial Intelligence is applied when a machine mimics cognitive functions that humans associate with other human minds, such as learning and problem-solving.
• John McCarthy is considered the father of Artificial Intelligence.
  • He was an American computer scientist.
  • The term "Artificial Intelligence" was coined by him.
  • He is one of the founders of artificial intelligence, together with Alan Turing, Marvin Minsky, Allen Newell, and Herbert A. Simon.

Sensitivity: 

• It is defined as the ratio of the changes in the output of an instrument to a change in the value of the quantity being measured.
• It denotes the smallest change in the measured variable to which the instrument responds.

\(\rm(Sensitivity\left( S \right) = \frac{{change{\rm{ }}in{\rm{ }}output}}{{unit{\rm{ }}change{\rm{ }}in{\rm{ }}input}} = \frac{{{\rm{\Delta }}output}}{{{\rm{\Delta input}}}})\)

• The sensitivity of an instrument is determined by dividing the sum of the resistance of the meter (Rm) and the series resistance (Rs), by the full-scale reading in volts.

Mathematically, sensitivity is expressed as:

\(\rm Sensitivity=\frac{R_m+R_s}{E}\)

Expressing the above expression in units, we get:

\(\rm Sensitivity=\frac{Ohms}{Volt}\)

Unit of instrument sensitivity is expressed in Ohm/Volt

Sensitivity is also expressed as:

\(\rm Sensitivity=\frac{1}{ampere}\)

So, sensitivity is said to be equal to the reciprocal of the full-scale deflection current.

Explanation:

A standard is physical representation of a unit of measurement. A known accurate measure of physical quantity is termed as a standard. These standards are used to determine the values of other physical quantities by the comparison method.

The four levels of measurement standards are:

1. International standards are defined by International agreement. They are periodically evaluated and checked by absolute measurements in terms of fundamental units of Physics. They represent certain units of measurement to the closest possible accuracy attainable by the science and technology of measurement. These International standards are not available to ordinary users for measurements and calibrations.

2. Primary Standards: The principle function of primary standards is the calibration and verification of secondary standards. Primary standards are maintained at the National Standards Laboratories in different countries.

The primary standards are not available for use outside the National Laboratory. These primary standards are absolute standards of high accuracy that can be used as ultimate reference standards.

3. Secondary standards are basic reference standards used by measurement and calibration laboratories in industries. These secondary standards are maintained by the particular industry to which they belong. Each industry has its own secondary standard. Each laboratory periodically sends its secondary standard to the National standards laboratory for calibration and comparison against the primary standard.

4. Working standards are the principal tools of a measurement laboratory. These standards are used to check and calibrate laboratory instrument for accuracy and performance. For example, manufacturers of electronic components such as capacitors, resistors, etc. use a standard called a working standard for checking the component values being manufactured, e.g. a standard resistor for checking of resistance value manufactured.

(b) Government of India Act, 1858

Social interaction is the foundation of society. It is the very essential of social life.

1. It is economical and covers large number of people spread over a large area. 

2. It is time saving because a large extent of respondents can be reached through mailed questionnaire.

Questionnaire is a document containing questions related to the specific requirement of a statistical investigation for collection of information which is filled by the informants personally. 

Requirements of a good questionnaire :- 

• Questions should be simple, clear and short. 
• Simple alternative or multiple choice questions. 
• Unambiguous and precise. 
• Questions should be in sequence. 
• Directly relative questions. 
• Test of accuracy. 
• No restricted questions affecting personal whims. 
• Assurance of secrecy to the informants. 
• Probability of a perfect answer.

Merits of Questionnaires :

1. Questionnaires are inexpensive First of all, questionnaires are one of the most affordable ways to gather quantitative data.

Especially self-administered questionnaires, where you don’t have to hire surveyors to perform face-to-face interviews, are a cost efficient way to quickly collect massive amounts of information from a large number of people in a relatively short period of time.

A questionnaire can be placed on your website or emailed to your customers. These methods have little to no cost, though strong targeting is necessary if you want to have the highest possible response rate receive the most accurate results.

Still, no matter what type of questionnaires you pick, it will be more affordable than outsourcing to a market research company.

2. Questionnaires are practical Apart from being inexpensive, questionnaires are also a practical way to gather data. They can be targeted to groups of your choosing and managed in various ways. You can pick and choose the questions asked as well as the format (open-ended or multiple choice). They offer a way to gather vast amounts of data on any subject. They can be used in a wide variety of ways.

For example, KBC Group learned just how practical surveys are. They were able to spread their quizzes, polls, and questionnaires during a three-day event. This made collecting real-time feedback almost effortlessly.

3. Questionnaires offer a quick way to get results questionnaire speedy results It’s quick and easy to collect results with online and mobile tools. This means that you can gain insights in as little as 24 hours (or less!), depending on the scale and reach of your questionnaire.

You don’t need to wait for another company to deliver the answers you need.

Dajo Associates needed quality feedback fast. The South African consulting firm needed a way to make informed decisions quickly. An online questionnaire allowed them to collect the data they needed in the shortest time frame possible.

4. Scalability Questionnaires and surveys allow you to gather information from a large audience.

Online, you can literally distribute your questions to anyone, anywhere in the world (provided they have an internet connection). All you have to do is send them a link to your survey page. And you don’t even need to do this manually. This could be done through an automated email in your customer onboarding or lead nurturing campaigns.

This means that for a relatively low cost, you can target a city or a country You can use multiple data collection points, for example via multiple tablets in kiosk mode.

You can use multiple data collection points, for example via multiple tablets in kiosk mode.

Demerits of Questionnaires :

1. Dishonest answers While there are many positives to questionnaires, dishonesty can be an issue.

Respondents may not be 100% truthful with their answers.

This can happen for a variety of reasons, including social desirability bias and attempting to protect privacy. Stop dishonesty in its tracks by assuring respondents that their privacy is valued and that the process prevents personal identification.

2. Unanswered questions When using questionnaires, there is a chance that some questions will be ignored or left unanswered.

If questions are not required, there is always that risk they won’t be answered. Online questionnaires offer a simple solution to this issue: make answering the question required.

Otherwise, make your survey short and your questions uncomplicated and you will avoid question skipping and get better completion rates.

3. Differences in understanding and interpretation The trouble with not presenting questions to users face-to-face is that each may have different interpretations of your questions.

Without someone to explain the questionnaire fully and ensure each individual has the same understanding, results can be subjective.

Respondents may have trouble grasping the meaning of some questions that may seem clear to the creator.

This miscommunication can lead to skewed results. The best way to combat this situation is to create simple questions that are easy to answer.

4. Hard to convey feelings and emotions vantagens e desvantagens dos question is 7 A survey or questionnaire cannot fully capture emotional responses or feelings of respondents. Without administering the questionnaire face-to-face, there is no way to observe facial expression, reactions or body language.

Without these subtleties, useful data can go unnoticed.

Don’t get stuck trying to interpret emotion in data, instead go for a Likert scale, the response scale that often uses a rating scale from “slightly agree” to “strongly disagree.” This allows for strength and assertion in responses rather than multiple choice.

5. Some questions are difficult to analyze Questionnaires produce a lot of data. Multiple choice questions can be tabulated and graphed, but open-ended questions are different.

Open-ended questions allow for individualized answers which cannot be quantified and must be reviewed by a human.

Too many open-ended questions can produce a flood of data, that can take forever to analyze. Fix this pitfall but choosing your question types carefully. If you have ten questions, you probably don’t want more than one to be open-ended since these have no way to be quantified.

That’s why it’s important to select the right type of question as a questionnaire is only as effective as its questions.

The survey questions need to be evaluated quickly and they need to produce data that can be acted upon.

If you make questions too difficult or confusing to answer, you may end up with meaningless data.

Choosing the wrong type of question can also lead to incomplete results or data that is hard to interpret. 

The main question types are open-ended, closed-ended and semi-closed ended questions. Within these types, there is an abundance of ways to present your query from ratings to yes/no question.

Learn how to select the right types of survey questions for your needs in our essential guide.

Answer 1:
Primarily, there are two types of root systems found in plants, namely the tap root system and fibrous root system. The main function of the roots is to absorb water and minerals from the soil. However, roots are also modified to perform various other functions. The roots of some plants act as storage sites for food, some provide support to massive plant structures, while others absorb oxygen from the atmosphere.
Roots and its modifications in various plants:
(a) Banyan tree
The banyan tree (Ficus benghalensis) has massive pillar-like adventitious roots arising from the aerial part of the stem. These roots grow towards the ground and provide support to the tree. Such roots are called prop roots.
(b) Turnip
The roots of turnip (Brassica rape) help in the storage of food. Similar food-storing roots are found in radishes, carrots, and sweet potatoes.
(c) Mangrove tree
The roots of mangrove plants grow vertically upwards from the soil for the absorption of oxygen from the atmosphere as the soil is poorly aerated. These types of roots are called pneumatophores.

1. Parasitic Plalyhelminthes and Aschelminthes lives in anaerobic condition. So respiratory and circulatory systems are absent in these parasitic forms. 

2. Arthropods are most successful, because of the presence of unique chitinous cuticle.

3. In these parasites, the cuticle helps in escaping from the action of digestive enzymes.

1. A – polyp 

B – medusa

2. Polyp: Asexual, sessile, mouth upwards

 Medusa: Sexual, Free swimming, Mouth downwards

Correct option is  E) people

Correct option is  E) good

c) Loperamide

Cholosas of bile production of vegetable origin.

b) Verapamil 

b) Increasing motility and secretion

d) Sodium phosphate

(b) Cisapride

d) Apomorphine hydrochloride

a) Ipecacuanha derivatives

d) Prochlorperazine 

Metoclopramide is a potent dopamine antagonist.It’s True.

c) D₂-dopamine and 5-HT₃-serotonin receptor blocking effect

Ethyl alcohol is an agent decreasing appetite. It’s False.

a) Papaverine

a) Fenfluramine 

c) Fepranone

Zafirlucast prevents aspirin-sensitive asthma. This consideration is True.

c) Serotonin 

b) Aluminium hydroxide

Antacids are weak bases that react with gastric hydrochloric acid to form salt and water. It’s True.

c) Famotidine

c) Omeprazole

Answer (a) liquid nitrogen

(c) storeroom