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The modern darwinist theory that incorporates knowledge from Genetics and Molecular Biology is called neodarwinism, or synthetic theory of evolution.

Today it is known that variation of inherited characteristics is created by alterations in the genetic material of the individuals, more precisely by modifications or recombinations of DNA molecules. Small changes in the genetic material accumulate and new phenotypical characteristics emerge. The carriers of these characteristics then are submitted to natural selection. From modern Biology its recognized that natural selection generates in a given population an increase in the frequency of alleles and genes more favorable to survival and reproduction; less advantageous genes and alleles tend to be eliminated.

The mentioned mechanism is the natural selection.

One of the classic examples of natural selection is regarding the moths of industrial zones of England in the end of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century. As the industrial revolution advanced the bark of the trees that moths landed on became darker due to the soot released from factories. The population of light moths then decreased and was substituted by a population of dark moths since the mimicry of the dark moths in the new environment protected them from predators, i.e., they had an adaptive advantage in that new environment. Light moths in their turn suffered the negative effect of natural selection for becoming more visible to predators and were almost eliminated. In the open forest far from factories however it was experimentally verified that light moths maintained their adaptive advantage and the dark moths continued to be more easily found by predators.

Darwin recognized that in a same species there were individuals with different characteristics. He also realized that those differences could lead to different survival and reproduction chances for each individual. Therefore he discovered the importance of the environment acting upon organisms and preserving those having more advantageous characteristics for survival and more able to generate offspring and so he described the basis of the principle of natural selection.

Charles Darwin was an English naturalist born in 1809 and considered the father of the theory of evolution. At the end of the year 1831, before turning 23 years of age, Darwin embarked as volunteer scientist on the ship the Beagle for a five year expedition to the South American coast and the Pacific. During the voyage, whose most famous passage was the stop in the Galapagos Islands, Darwin collected data that he used to write his masterpiece “The Origin of Species” (1859). In this book the principles of the common ancestry of all living beings and of natural selection as the force that drives the diversity of species were described. Darwin died in 1882.

(The original name of the most famous book written by Darwin was “On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection”.)

Lamarckism is the theory that unites the law of use and disuse with the law of the transmission of acquired characteristics, i.e., that asserted that acquired characteristics, for example, the muscular mass, could be transmitted from a parent to its offspring.

The theory was proposed by the French naturalist Lamarck in the beginning of the 19th century. At that time the idea was not so absurd since nobody knew how the transmission of hereditary characteristics occurred. (Lamarck had great merit in introducing an evolutionary theory based in natural law at a time dominated by fixism.) 

The two main evolutionary theories were lamarckism and darwinism. 

According to the law of use and disuse the characteristics of a body vary as it is more or less used. This rule is valid for example for features like the muscular mass and the size of the bones.

The law of the transmission of acquired characteristics in its turn established that parents could transmit to their offspring characteristics acquired by the law of use and disuse. 

Adaptability refers to the capacity to adjust one’s thoughts and behaviors to effectively respond to uncertainty.

Open office Calc is a software that helps in performing calculations using formulae and in analyzing the data.

Open Office Calc is software that helps in performing calculations using formulae and in analyzing data.

Given below are some factors that affects self-confidence. 

(a) When we think we cannot do a particular work. 

(b) When we keep thinking of our past mistakes and feel bad about it, instead of learning from them. 

(c) When we expect to be successful at the first attempt itself and do not try again. 

(d) When we are surrounded by people who have a negative attitude, which is reflected in their speech.

a. Personality

Personality affects all aspects of an individual’s performance, even how he/she reacts to situations in life.

Correct answer is

a. True

Correct answer is

d. All of the above

A) Specific, Measurable, Attainable, Realistic, Timely

The correct option for the acronym ‘SMART’ is Specific, Measurable, Attainable, Realistic, Timely.

Correct answer is

D) All of these

(i) Who is this? 

(ii) He is now working for Google in USA. 

(iii) Why are you so interested about him?

Correct answer is d. Follow-up

Sustainable Tourism Eco- Certification Program

The Meek Customer will avoid submitting a complaint because he or she doesn't want to be a pain or believes you don't care.

Aksionov was a merchant who was condemned for a murder he had not committed. He waits for God’s justice. Meanwhile in prison he learnt to make boots and earned a little money. Aksionov was meek. Fellow prisoners, having realized that he was innocent, respected him and called him grandfather. The prison authorities also believed that the religious old man must have been unjustly punished. They knew Aksionov never told lies. The prison authorities found out that someone had been digging the prison shelf to escape. They doubted that newcomer Semyonich could be the culprit. But they could not nail him on the grounds of suspicion alone. All the prisoners were summoned and enquired including Semyonich. All denied any knowledge of it. Those who knew kept quiet because they knew Semyonich will get flogged if someone betrayed him. As no one was ready to tell the truth, the Governor, who had enormous trust in the nobility and honesty of Aksionov asked him to tell the truth. But Aksionov preferred to stay quiet.

“Ecotourism is responsible travel to natural areas that conserves the environment and improves the well being of local people.”

1. Hotels have bank type of lockers installed at the front office known as safe deposit locker to keep the guest valuables. 

2. A locker is allotted to guest that can be opened by using two keys. The master key is with the front office cashier and other key is issued to the guest. A contract is also signed in between the guest and the hotel. Whenever a guest wants to open his locker, it has to be entered into the locker operating register. Signatures are always verified with the specimen. Head cashier inserts his key then a guest inserts his own key, and then only a lock can be opened. Guest is left alone to operate his locker. If the key is lost by the guest, then the locker will be drilled open in presence of the guest and can be charged for the replacement of the locker

a) Remove unauthorized software from the computer 

b) Take regular backup of the data 

c) Run antivirus periodically 

d) Do not block the vents

Situation Vacant 

REQUIRED a female Receptionist at Hotel Green Park, Lucknow. The candidate should be smart, expert in communication skills and must have knowledge of computers. Salary negotiable. Contact Ratan, General Manager, Hotel Green Park, Lucknow, 0xx-xxxxxxxxxx

Correct option: c) Anticipation

Empathy is defined as the ability to imagine oneself in another’s place and understand the other’s feelings, desires, ideas and actions.

a) Service-related complaints

The type of complaints do guests make when they feel they have been mistreated by the hotel staff is Service-related complaints.

Correct option is C) break in

Correct answer is (b) Stress 

Correct option: D) Non-credibility

1) Single-user , single-task operating system This type of operating system allows only one user to do a task on the computer and one thing at a time. 

2) Multi-user A multi-user operating system enables multiple users to work on the same computer at different times or simultaneously

1) advertising and word of mouth communication 

2) sales promotion 

3) direct marketing and online marketing 

4) personal selling 

5) public relations and sponsorship

Star Cruises : Star Cruises a member of Genting Hong Kong, is the third largest cruise line in the world behind companies such as Carnival Corporation and Royal Caribbean cruises. Star Cruises is owned by Genting Hong Kong who also owns 50% of the Norwegian Cruise Line.

Star Cruises is credited with almost single handedly developing the cruise industry in the Asia Pacific region. Its services cater to Asian passengers as well as to North Americans, Europeans and Australians interested in Asian destinations. Star Cruises was founded as an associate of the Genting Group of Malaysia, incorporated with Bermuda in 1993.

In 1998 star cruises took delivery of its first new build Superstar Leo Line. In 1999 it took the delivery of Superstar Virgo Line.

GIVEN:

The price of pizza is proportional to the square of the radius of pizza and 3 pizzas of radius 6 cm each costs Rs.486.

CONCEPT:

Basic ratio concept.

CALCULATION:

Price of 1 pizza ∝ r²

Price of 1 pizza = x × r² , where x is constant

Price of one pizza of radius 6 cm = 486/3 = Rs.162

162 = x × r2 = x × 6² 

Or, x = 162/6²

Price of one pizza of radius 8 cm = x × r2 

Price of one pizza of radius 8 cm =(162/62 ) × 8² = Rs.288

So,

Price of two pizzas of radius 8 cm each = 288 × 2 = Rs.576

∴ The Price of two pizzas of radius 8 cm is Rs 576.

4 importance of stress management are: 

a) Improves mood 

b) Boosts immune system 

c) Prevents psychological disorders and behavioral problems 

d) Complete mental and physical engagement for task accomplishment

A set of words that is complete in itself, typically containing a subject and predicate, question, exclamation or command and consisting of a main clause and sometimes one or more subordinate clauses.

Allow the guest to speak: It is important that staff give a patient ear to the guest while he is complaining and do not interrupt. Allow the guests to describe in detail, the reason or their unhappiness with the hotel or its service. The staff shall ask questions I he is not clear about the issue and this will show the guests that the staff is genuinely interested in understanding their problem and resolving it. A receptionist should aware of the difference between a genuine problem that requires solving and a situation where the guest is venting his frustration. So, allow the guest to speak and listen to the complaint carefully.

Listen: Listen attentively to the guest with concern and empathy and understand what is exactly wrong to the guest and try to figure out why the guest is upset. Try to listen or clues about what’s really disturbing them. Listen to what they want from the staff to resolve the issue.

Empathize: Complaint has to be handled positively and with empathy or the guest, aspiring or 100% guest satisfaction as the outcome. Empathy is defined as the ability to imagine oneself in another’s place and understand the other’s feeling, desires, ideas, and actions. I we look at the situation or problem from the guest’s perspective, we will be able to better understand the other’s feeling. Empathizing with the guest is a good way to handle guest complaints as it shows them that the staff understand what they are going through.

Apologize: Apologize to the guest or the inconvenience caused. This is a big one, and easy step to be followed. Even I the staff are not wrong or not part o the problem, it is important that the staff issue an apology.

Stay Calm: In complaint handling the matter is to listen, understand, and then discuss with the guests their concerns in a calm and friendly manner. Do not argue with the guest. Calmly defend the policies, but do not permit the conversation to erode into an argument at any point.

b) Honesty

When dealing with guest complaints the most important quality required by staff is Honesty.

It is a practice where an individual is supposed to focus mind on a particulars object, thought or activity to achieve a calm mental state reducing stress.

The motifs used in Kantha are lotus flowers, floral scrolls, tree of life, creepers; animal and bird forms; fish, sea-monsters, mermaids, ships, submarine scenes; domestic articles like mirrors, pitcher, nut cracker, umbrella, musical instruments and human figures like gods and goddesses, horse man, fisherwoman etc.

Guest complaints can be separated into four categories of problems: 

1. Mechanical

2. Attitudinal 

3. Service-related 

4. Unusual

Mechanical Complaints: Most guest complaints about hotel equipments malfunctions. It is usually concerned problems with air conditioning, lighting, electricity, vending machines, door keys, plumbing, and television and so on. Effective use of front office log book and maintenance work orders may help to reduce the frequency of mechanical complaints.

Attitudinal Complaints: Hotel does come across instances when guest complaints about impolite, unprofessional and indifferent behavior of staff members. Guest may express attitudinal complaint when they feel insulted by rude or tactless hotel staff members. Managers and supervisors should listen and attend to the complaints and problems off the guest.

Service Related Complaints: The guest may experience a problem with hotel services and may get dissatisfied. It can be of wide ranging and about such things as long waiting time or service, lack of assistance with luggage, untidy room missed wakeup call etc. The front office generally receives more service related complaints when the hotel is operating at or near full occupancy.

Unusual Complaints: Guest sometime expects the front office staff to resolve or at least listen such kinds of complaints which are unusual and hotel cannot do anything about them. Sometime guests demand something that impossible to deliver such as they may complain about the absence of a swimming pool, lack of public transportation so on. Front office management should alert front desk agents that on occasions guest may complain about things the staff can do nothing about them. Staff should be better prepared to handle unusual situations with appropriate guest relations techniques.