Explore topic-wise InterviewSolutions in Current Affairs.

Correct option is hurricane

C. Reservation for Untouchables amons seneral constituencies.

Correct option is oral

Correct option is oil

Correct option is Oyster

A. De Almedia

• Constructing walls, Groins and Breaks waters to protect the coastal areas from erosion. 
• Restricting sand mining in coastal areas. 
• Planting of trees to stabilize the beaches and coastal dunes. 
• Banning construction activities within 500 mts of sea coasts.

Emergence of USA as a strong country: The Great Economic Depression that affected USA in 1927 brought in many changes in the politics of USA. USA had helped the Triple Entente with money and soldiers. In 1929, USA. experienced stagnation in economic development. As a result, output dropped in automobile and agriculture. There was also drop in the output of consumer durables manufacturing, mining, ship building, and many other industries. This economic crisis led to changes in the politics.

During the Second World War, Japan attacked Pearl harbor, the military base of USA. This made USA to enter the war in favour the allied forces. The President Roosvelt made people to be ready for war. He encouraged women to work in public spear. USA won the war. It also helped the establishment of UNO during the war and later provided its support to it. USA has emerged as a powerful country after 1945. With the end of Cold War, USA has become the only Super Power of the world.

The holistic development of children is stunted by child marriage and they lose the power of questioning. As a result, violations like sexual assaults on children become more and more increased. Many rights of children like education, childhood, entertainment, interaction with friends continue to be violated.

Children fall into the trap of malnutrition, anemia, diseases, abortions, infanticide and maternal mortality increases. The chance of girl becoming a widow at a young age is also more and becomes a victim of violence easily.

• The rise of information and communications technology 
• Information flows.

Globalization refers to the growing interdependence of societies across the world, with the spread of the same culture and economic interests across the globe. For example, media and consumer products are often produced for a world market, by the same firms running business all over the world.

Factors Contributing to Globalization: 

Anthony Giddens has explained the following factors as contributing to Globalization:

1. The Rise of Information and Communications Technology: The explosion in global communications has been facilitated by a number of important advances in technology and the world’s telecommunication infrastructure. The spread of communication satellites has also been significant in expanding international communications. Today a network of more than 200 satellites is in space to facilitate the transfer of information around the globe.

The use of Satellites, Internet, Telephones, Computer Networking, known as Information and Communication Technologies – ICT – have revolutionised the way the world communicates. You could be chatting online, through the internet, with your friend or family, who is thousands of miles away, and feel that you share your everyday travails much more than a person who is closer home like your neighbor. You could be working in India for a company that is located in the United States of America through telecommunication technologies.

2. Information Flows: It has also facilitated the flow of information about people and events in distant places. Every day, the global media brings news, images and information into homes, linking them directly and continuously to the outside world.

Some of the most gripping events of the past three decades – such as the fall of the Berlin Wall,the violent crackdown on democratic protesters in China’s Tiananmen Square and the Terrorist attacks on Mumbai on 11 September 2001, Spring movement in Arabian countries, have unfolded through the media before global audience.

Such events, along with thousands of information, have resulted in a reorientation in people’s thinking from the level of the nationstate to the global stage. In the case of natural disasters, such interventions take the form of humanitarian relief and technical assistance. In recent years, earthquakes in Armenia and Turkey, floods in Mozambique and Bangladesh, famine in Africa and hurricanes in Central America have been rallying points for global assistance.

3. Knowledge Society: The emergence of the knowledge society has been linked to the development of a broad base of consumers who are technologically literate and eagerly integrate new advances in computing, entertainment and Telecommuni-cations into their everyday lives. The very operation of the global economy reflects the changes that have occurred in the information age. Many aspects of the economy now work through networks that cross national boundaries, rather than stopping at them.

4. Transnational Corporations: In globalization, the role of trans-national corporations is particularly important. Transnational corporations are companies that produce goods or market services in more than one country. For example Coca-Cola., Pepsi, Johnson and Johnson, Ford, General Motors, Colgate-Palmolive, Indian corporations like Reliance, TATAs, Birla Groups, Infosys, Mahindras, TVS group, Wipro, etc. Even when trans-national corporations have a clear national base, they are oriented towards global markets and global profits. Transnational corporations are at the heart of economic globalization.

5.The Electronic Economy: Globalization is also being driven forward by the integration of the world economy. In contrast to previous eras, the global economy is no longer primarily agricultural or industrial in its basis. Rather, it is increasingly dominated by activity that is weightless and intangible. This U weightless economy is one in which products have their base in information, as is the case with computer software, media and; entertainment products and Internet-based services.

The ‘Electronic Economy’ is another factor ‘that underpins economic globalization. Banks, corporations, fund managers and individual investors are able to shift funds internationally with the click of a mouse. As the global economy becomes increasingly integrated, a financial collapse in one part of the world can have an enormous effect on distant economies.

6. Political changes: Another driving force behind contemporary globalization is related to political change. 

These are:

1. The collapse of Soviet-style communism in 1991. The collapse of communism has hastened processes of globalization but should also be seen as a result of globalization itself.

2. The important political factor leading to intensifying globalization is the Growth of International and Regional Mechanisms of Government namely The United Nations and the European Union. SAARC (South Asian Association for Regional Co-operation) and BRICS (Brazil; Russia, India, China, and South Africa) are; the two most prominent examples of international organizations that bring together nation-states into a common political forum.

Finally, globalization is being driven by International Governmental Organizations (IGOs) and International Nongovernmental Organizations (INGOs). An IGO is a body that is established by Participating governments and given responsibility for regulating or overseeing a particular domain of activity that is transnational in scope. The first such body, The International Telegraph Union, was founded in 1865. Since that time, a great number of similar bodies have been created.

In 1909, there were only 37 IGOs in existence to regulate transnational affairs; by 1996, there were 260. Some of the best known INGOs – such as Greenpeace, Medicines Sans Frontiers (Doctors Without Borders), the Red Cross and Amnesty International-are involved in environmental protection and humanitarian efforts. But the activities of thousands of lesser known groups also link together countries and communities.

Public finance deals with how a Government raises revenues to meet its expenditure. As Dalton says, public finance is “concerned with the income and expenditure of public authorities and with the adjustment of one to the other.” Public finance studies the way in which the government manages its income, expenditure and loans.

Importance of Public Finance: The government’s activities of mobilizing revenue, incurring expenditure and raising loans are part of its fiscal policy. The objectives of fiscal policy are to achieve economic growth, maintain economic (price) stability, and achieve a fair distribution of income.

The government usually spends the revenue collected through taxes or the money raised through borrowings for development activities. This increases the growth rate of the economy and benefits everyone. Similarly, by spending more during recession and controlling expenditure during inflation, the government tries to regulate the economic activities.

Since all these are part of the annual budget prepared by the government, the study of public finance also helps in analysis and evaluation of budgets.

Relationship between bankers and customers : 

The relation between a banker and customers falls under two broad categories, namely.

1. General relationship 

2. Special relationship

1. General relationship

• Primary Relationship (Debtor and creditor relationship). 
• Subsidiary Relationship (Trustee and beneficiary relationship.) 
• Agent and Principal Relationship

2. Special relationship 

• Obligation to honour cheques. 
• Obligation to maintain secrecy of accounts.

(a) Dominant. 

(b) Autosomal. 

(c) Genotype of parents in generation I – Female – aa and Male – Aa. 

Genotype of third child in generation II - Aa.

Genotype of first grandchild in generation III - Aa.

The first section of the underground railway in the world opened on 10 January 1863 between Paddington and Farringtion Street in London. On that day 10,000 passengers were carried with trams running every ten minutes. Following were the difficulties of travelling in the underground railway. 

(a) At first, the people were afraid to travel undergound. They found the atmosphere a mixture of sulphur, coal dust and foul fumes from the gas lamps above posing a danger to health. 

(b) Most felt the “Iron Monsters” added to the mess and unhealthiness of the city. To make two miles of railways, 900 houses had to be destroyed. Streets were knocked up, pits and trenches dug. The underground railway led to a massive displacement of the London poor, specially during the two world wars. 

(c) The underground railway not only broke down social distinctions but also created new ones. 

The unit of frequency is Hz.

British manufacturers created new markets and consumers for their products in the following ways. 

(a) Advertisements made products appear desirable and necessary. They tried to shape the minds of people and create new needs. They tried to persuade the customers and buyers by using such advertisements as would appeal Indians. 

(b) The labels were needed to make the place of manufacture and the name of the company familiar to the buyer. When buyers saw MADE IN MANCHESTER written in bold on the label, they were expected to feel confident about buying the cloth. 

(c) Images of Indian gods gave divine approval to the goods being sold. Images of Krishna and Saraswati were intended to make the manufacture from a foreign land appear somewhat familiar to the Indian people.

(d) Historical figures were used to create respect for the product and spread the message that the goods produced or used under such personalities can never be questioned for their quality. 

(e) Printing calendars to popularize their products unlike newspapers and magazines. Calendars were used even by people who could not read. They were hung in the tea shops and in poor people’s homes, just as much as in offices and in middle class houses.

The audible frequency range of human ear is 20 Hz to 20,000 Hz.

This is ‘hindrance of a person’. Manufacturers do not know the consumer, who is using the products, produced by him. This difficulty or hindrance is removed by the traders.

Merits and demerits of Adult franchise : 

The following are the merits pointed out by its supporters: 

i) Adult franchise is essential for the success of democracy. Since democracy is the government of the people, for the people and by the people, for its success Adult franchise is a must. 

ii) It leads to national unity: Adult franchise is essential to maintain the unity of the nation. If a section of people is denied the right to vote, they will be reluctant to obey the government. It will ruin the unity of the country. With Adult franchise, all people will think the nation is their own. 

iii) It nourishes self-respect: When all the people vote they feel that they are also participating in decision making and they are an integral part of the society. This will nourish their self-respect and will prompt them to be loyal and obedient citizens.

iv) Suitable for the Principle of Equality: Adult franchise holds fast to the principle of equality in political rights. It does not allow controlled franchise which brings inequality. Thus it is highly suitable for the Principle of Equality. 

v) An instrument of political education: Adult franchise plays a big role in giving the people political education. Since all the people take part in the election they get an opportunity to think about the nation’s problems. Political parties explain to people their views regarding various issues. This helps in forming strong public opinion and consensus.

vi) It protects minority rights: Adult franchise helps the minorities to play their role in elections. In limited franchise, their rights are not given due respect.

vii) Reduces the chances for revolutions: Adult franchise represents all the people. If the government goes wrong, the people can change it. Thus it reduces the chances for violent revolutions.

viii) It distinguishes between citizens and foreigners: Adult franchise system is not applicable to foreigners. Only the citizens have political rights. Thus Adult franchise distinguishes between citizens and foreigners.

Image formed in a plane mirror undergoes lateral inversion.

The essential characteristics of business are as follows: 

1. Production or Procurement of Goods: Goods must be produced or procured in order to satisfy human wants.

2. Sale, Transfer or Exchange: There must be sale or exchange of goods or services. 

3. Profit Motive: An important feature of business is profit motive. Business is an economic activity by which human beings make their living.

4. Dealing in Goods and Services: Goods produced or procured may be consumer goods like cloth, pen, brush, bag, etc., or producer-goods like plant and machinery.

indirect democracy people directly involve themselves in law-making activities. But in indirect democracy, people elect their Representatives. The representatives carry out different things needed for the people by democracy.

Merits: 

• Suitable for large nations. 
• Elected representatives will be responsible to people.

Demerits: 

• Election process is very expensive. 
• The influence of money and power will be visible in the election.

Business exists to supply goods and services to the people from social point of view but from individual point of view, the primary objective of any business unit is to make profit.

The individual objective should not be in conflict with societal objective. These two objectives normally contradict each other, as one business enterprise may be good in individual objective and bad at social objective and vice versa.

A sleeping partner is the one who contributes capital and shares in the profits or losses of the firm but does not take part in the management of the business.

Merits: 

• People directly take part in the discussions and decisions. 
• Since decisions are taken fast, no wasting of time. 

Demerits: 

• Not suitable for big nations. 
• Common people won’t have the expertise to make policy decisions.

According to S. Evelyn Thomas “the retailer is the last of the many links in the economic chain whereby the consumer’s wants are satisfied smoothly and efficiently by retailers”.

Features of National Income are : 

• National Income is related to National Income. 
• National Income is related to a Definite Time Period.
• National Income is related to the Economic Activities of a Country.
• National Income is related to the Productive Economic Activities . 

1. Coal India Ltd 

2. Gas Authority of India Ltd 

3. Tamil Nadu State Transport Corporation

4. Steel Authority of India Ltd

1. Special Statute: A public corporation is created by a special Act of the Parliament or the State Legislature. The Act defines its powers, objectives, functions and relations with the ministry and the Parliament (or State Legislature).

2. Separate Legal Entity: A public corporation is a separate legal entity with perpetual succession and common seal. It has an existence, independent of the Government. It can own property; can make contracts and file suits, in its own name.

3. Capital Provided by the Government: The capital of a public corporation is provided by – the Government or by agencies controlled by the government. However, many public corporations have also begun to raise money from the capital market.

4. Financial Autonomy: A public corporation enjoys financial autonomy. It prepares its own budget; and has authority to retain and utilize its earnings for its business.

5. Management by Board of Directors: Its management is vested in a Board of Directors, appointed or nominated by the Government. But there is no Governmental interference in the day – to – day working of the corporation.

Functions of Money are : 

Primary Functions : 

• Medium of Exchange : Money serves as a Medium of Exchange and Facilitates the Buying and Selling of Goods, thereby Eliminating the Need for Double Coincidence of Needs and Wants as under Barter.
• Measure of Value : Money has also Removed the Difficulty of Barter System by Serving as a Common Measure of Value. The Values of Various Commodities are Expressed in Terms of Money. Money as a Measure of Value has made Transactions Simple and Easy .
• Standard of Deferred Payments : Money has always been used as a Standard of Deferred Payment . This Function of Money has Attained More Importance in Modern Times with the Extension of Trade based on Credit . As a result of this function, it has become possible to Express Future Payments in Terms of Money.
• Store of Value : Classical Economists did not Recognize the Store of Value Function of Money. Keynes laid Stress on this Function of Money . People Store Money to Meet Unforeseen Contingencies . 

k = 1/ 1- mpc  ⇒ k= 1/1-0.8 ⇒ k = 5

The Objective of the Budget is to provide Direction to the Economy of the Country . The Country’s Economy Setup is Directly Affected by the Government . 

The Main Objectives of a Budget are :

• Besides Affecting the Growth and Development of a Country, the Budget also provides a Direction to it 
• The Budget is also very important in Increasing Production. The Tax Related Concessions and Other Reliefs helps in Increment in the Production . 
• Generally, the Government Proposes New Taxes and Collects Loans from the Populace so as to Control its Purchasing Power in order to Control the Price Levels .
• To Provide Momentum to Economic and Social Growth and Redistribution of Income and Wealth.

Correct option is C) He loves making up stories for his child.

Correct option is B) He made out his money to a stranger

Correct option is A) These new orders do not apply to us

Correct option is B) He was able to make out the mountain’s shape

Correct option is B) off

Correct option is C) out

Answer: true 

Correct option is A) on

Correct option is raisin