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Diameter of the sun / Diameter of the earth = \(\frac{1.4\times 10^9}{1.275\times10^7}\) 

= \(\frac{1.4\times 10^2\times 10^7}{1.275\times10^7}\)

=\(\frac{1.4}{1.275}\times100\)

=\(\frac{1.4}{1.3}\times100 \simeq 100\)

So the diameter of the Sun is about 100 times the diameter of the Earth.

1. a) Mobile phones stunt our social growth 

2. d) From address ->Date -> To address -> Subject -> Salutation

3. a) Adversely 

4. c) creative 

5. d) self reliance 

6. a) Slaves 

7. c) To inform readers about the issue of social concern

(a) Mahmud Ghazni

Surajkund Lake - Kurukshetra is NOT correct.

• Surajkund (literal meaning is 'Lake of the Sun') is an artificial Kund (‘Kund’ means lake or reservoir) built in the backdrop of the Aravalli hills with an amphitheatre-shaped embankment constructed in semicircular form.
  • It is said to have been built by the Tomar king Suraj Pal of Tomar dynasty in the 10th century.
  • Tomar was a sun worshipper and he had, therefore, built a Sun temple on its western bank.
  • Surajkund is an ancient reservoir of the 10th century located on Southern Delhi Ridge of Aravalli range in Faridabad city of Haryana state about 8 km (5 mi) from South Delhi.

• Damdama Lake is a small lake in Haryana and was formed when a stone and earthen dam constructed by the British was commissioned for rainwater harvesting in 1919.
  • Damdama Lake is a beautiful lake 24 km south of Gurugram, off the Gurugram-Alwar road.
• Tilyar Lake
  • It situated 42 km from Delhi Border / 55 Kms from Peeragarhi Chowk Delhi, Tilyar Lake is located in Rohtak district of Haryana.
  • It forms a perfect green belt in the surrounding area.
  • Lake is located close to Rohtak town.
• Badkhal Lake is a natural lake situated in Badkhal village near Faridabad, in the Indian state of Haryana.

(b) Al-Beruni

The correct answer is Agra.

• The tomb of Itimad-ud-Daulah is located along the banks of the Yamuna at Agra.
• It was built by the Mughal queen Noor Jahan, wife of Emperor Jehangir.
• The tomb of Itimad-ud-Daulah is often regarded as a draft of the Taj Mahal.
• It is known for the first use of the pietra dura (floral design made up of semiprecious stone).
• Tomb of Jahangir in Lahore is supposed to be the result of Noor Jahan vision. 

• Agra is known for Taj Mahal (Tomb of Mumtaz Mahal, built by the Mughal emperor Shah Jahan for the memory of his favourite wife).
• The Taj Mahal is in the list of UNESCO World Heritage Site since 1983.
• Ustad Ahmad Lahauri was the chief architect of Taj mahal.
• Agra Fort is a historical fort in the city of Agra in India. It was the main residence of the emperors of the Mughal Dynasty until1638.
• Moti Masjid inside Agra Fort was built by Mughal emperor Shah jahan.
• Moti Masjid inside Red Fort, Delhi was built by Aurangzeb.
• The tomb of Akbar is at Sikandra, approximately 8 km from the main city of Agra.
• Fatehpur Sikri is a town in the Agra District, known for Buland Darwaza, and Tomb of Salim Chishti, the city itself was founded as the capital of Mughal Empire in 1571 by Emperor Akbar to 1585.

The correct answer is Coloured, hard stones placed in depressions carved into marble or sandstone creating beautiful, ornate patterns.

• Pietra dura is a floral design made up of semiprecious stone.
  • One of the most significant, captivating, and impressive characteristics of Mughal Art and Architecture in India is the Art of Pietra Dura.
  • This involves and inlay work of delicately cut, fitted, and highly polished semiprecious stones like Lapislazuli, Agate, Jasper, Jade, etc..
  • It is the technique of inlaying semi-precious stones such as jade, onyx, turquoise, mother of pearl, etc. in marble or sandstone creating beautiful, ornate patterns.
  • It is also called as called Parchin kari or Parchinkari.
  • Pietra Dura is an ancient art form that blossomed in Italy and eventually spread across Europe, Russia, Afghanistan, India, and Pakistan.​

• The tomb of Itimad- ud -Daulah is often regarded as a draft of the Taj Mahal. 
• It was built by the Mughal queen Noor Jahan, wife of Emperor Jehangir.
• It is known for the first use of the pietra dura.
• Jahangir's reign is known for the adoption of the pietra dura work.
• Shah Jahan used Pietra dura in the construction of the Taj Mahal as well.

The major element of a Mughal Chahar-Bagh garden was the symmetric division of the garden into quarters.

21 Chintan Vihar
Barmer
17 March 2020

Dear Montoo,

I know through the columns of The Maroo Dhara Post of 16th March that you were arrested and released by the police.

I would like to advise you, not to be negative in your leadership. You should stage protest for the issues of students’ welfare. And that is also should be first through negotiations. I hope you will act upon my suggestions.

With blessings

Your elder brother

Vivek Gupta

The correct answer is 1 and 3.

• Red loam soil:
  • Found in the southern part of the state, in the districts of Dungarpur, Banswara and some parts of Udaipur and Chittorgarh.
  • Made up of red sandstone or yellow sandstone.
  • These soils are reddish in colour.
  • It has a granular or crumb structure.
  • It is well-drained soil.
  • It has rich contents of iron-oxides and is devoid of calcium salts.
  • Suitable for cultivating maize, chillies, wheat, barley and rapeseed.

The correct answer is Hampi.

• The empire is named after its capital city of Vijayanagara, whose ruins surround present-day Hampi, now a World Heritage Site in Karnataka, India.

• Hampi (hastinavati) is the present name of Vijayanagar which was also the capital of the Vijayanagar empire.
  • Other capitals of Vijayanagar were- Anegondi, Benugonda, and Chandragiri. Hampi is a village in northern Karnataka state, India.
  • By 1564 at least four of the five sultans (Berar is questionable) had begun their march on Vijayanagar, which resulted early in 1565 in the disastrous defeat of the Vijayanagar forces in the Battle of Talikota and in the subsequent sack and destruction of much of the city of Vijayanagar.

1. Habeas Corpus. 

2. Quo-Warronto.

The correct answer is B.

• Savarkar composed the epics 'Kamala' and 'Gomantak' while living in the Cellular Jail during the sentence of Kalapani in Andaman.
• Vinayak Savarkar was born in Maharashtra, he was a great revolutionary.
• VD Savarkar had established a revolutionary organization called 'Abhinav Bharat'.
• Savarkar wrote the famous book 'History of the War of Indian Independence' based on the revolution of 1857.
• Under the "Nashik Conspiracy Case", he was sent to 'Cellular Jail' on 8 April 1911 on the sentence of 'Kala Pani'.

• Mahamana Madan Mohan Malaviya was the founder of 'Kashi Hindu University' in 1916.
• Batukeshwar Dutt was the great revolutionary of India's freedom struggle.

INSAT-3E  was launched in the honour of Kalpana Chawla, a space scientist of Indian origin, who died in mishap in a space vehicle.

Write a story using the following hints. 

Woodcutter – cutting tree – on river bank – axe slips – falls into water – woodcutter sad – river When he was cutting down the branch his axe slipped and fell into water. The woodcutter was sad. Then the river god came up from water and appeared before him. The god offered him the golden axe. The woodcutter refused saying that it was not his own axe. 

Then the god entered water and came up with a silver axe. When die god offered the woodcutter the silver axe he once again refused to accept it by saying that it was not his own axe. 

Finally the god came up with the woodcutter’s iron axe. When the god offered him the iron axe the woodcutter happily accepted it. The god was very pleased. He admired the woodcutter’s honesty and gave him all the three axes – gold, silver and iron axes. Moral: Honesty is the best policy.

Story of 'Honest wood cutter'

• Once upon a time there was a poor wood cutter was living in his village. He was doing hard work all the day and only then was able to buy some food.
• Once he was cutting a tree which was beside the river bank. Since the tree was quite huge, he was applying too much effort to cut it.
• In this efforts he lost his grip on axe and it fells in to the river. He got so much worried and depressed.
• By seeing this situation, a goodness of that river came out to help him.
• She gave him a golden axe but he refused to take. Then she gave him silver axe, still he refused.
• He requested to give him original axe. when goodness gave him wooden axe, he happily accepted it.
• goodness got impressed by his honesty and decide to gave him all three axes.
• In this way, wood cutter got all 3 axes including golden and silver axe.

A poor woodcutter was cutting a big piece of wood near a wide river. Suddenly his old axe slipped from his hand and fell into the deep water.

In a distant village a farmer was living with his family. They had a magical hen. Magical Hen means it lays one golden egg everyday. After sometime farmer became the richest man of the village. He thought that his hen was lazy because it laid only one golden egg everyday. 

He was greedy and impatient and thought of an idea. If he cut his hen’s stomach, and take out all the eggs at a time he will become very rich. So he brought a big knife and cut his hen’s stomach, but he found nothing. There were no eggs at all. The hen died. 

Moral of the Story : Don’t be greedy, have patience, or hurry makes worry.

a. Here ‘I’ refer to sick boy Anant.

b. him’ refers to Pandit Ravishankar.

c. He wanted to hear Pandit Ravishankar’s sitar playing and see him in the musical concert.

Lochinvar’s boldly went to Ellen’s wedding. When he was confronted by the bride’s father, he cunningly tells him that it was true that he had been in love with his daughter, But was denied the opportunity to marry her. Now his love for her is diminished He had only come to the wedding to drink a cup of wine at the marriage feast.

He claimed that many beautiful maidens who are far more beautiful than Ellen would open heartedly come to be become his bride. These words of Lochinvar convinced Ellen’s father and he never suspected Lochinvar’s real intentions.

The correct answer is Rakesh Sharma.

• Rakesh Sharma was the first Indian to travel in space.

• Wing Commander Rakesh Sharma went into space in the year 1984.
• He flew aboard Soyuz T-11 with the Soviet Interkosmos program. 

• Kalpana Chawla was the first Indian woman to travel in space.
• Ravish Malhotra served as a backup for Rakesh Sharma on the Soyuz T-11.
• Sunita Williams went to space in the year 2006.
• Yuri Gagarin was the first person to go into space.
• Neil Armstrong was the first person to land on the Moon.

The correct answer is The Banyan Tree.

• "The Banyan Tree" was written by Rabindranath Tagore.
• "A Love Song from the North", "My Dead Dream", "In the Forest" all are written by Sarojini Naidu.

• Sarojini Naidu was an Indian political activist, a member of the Indian National Congress, and a poet.
  • She was the first female Indian governor.
  • She was titled as ‘Nightingale of India’ by Mahatma Gandhi.
  • Her first guru was Gopal Krishna Gokhale who encouraged her to fight for the country and ignited the fire of patriotism in her.
  • The British government also awarded her the Kaisar-i-Hind Medal for her work during the plague epidemic in India.
  • Some books written by the Sarojini Naidu are The Golden Threshold, Mohammad Jinnah: An Ambassador of Unity, The Indian Fantasy, The Royal Tombs of Golconda, The Snake Charmer, etc.
• Rabindranath Tagore was also known as Gurudev, was a Bengali polymath- poet, writer, composer, philosopher, and painter.
  • He was the first non- European and first Bengali to receive the Nobel Prize for Literature (1913).
  • He was the author of ‘Geetanjali’.
  • Tagore was awarded the knighthood by King George V in 1915, but he repudiated it in 1919 as a protest against the Amritsar (Jallianwala Bagh) Massacre. He is sometimes referred to as “the Bard of Bengal”.
  • He was the founder of Visvabharati University.
  • He is the only person who wrote the National anthem for two countries- ‘Jana Gana Mana’ originally written in Bengali for India in 1911 and first sung at the Calcutta Session of Congress and ‘Amar Sonar Bangla’ for Bangladesh in the year 1905.

A village temple used to keep an elephant. The elephant greeted devotees visiting the temple at the entrance. Everyone loved the elephant. Every evening, the elephant would go to a pond to take a dip. On the way, he would stop at a tailor’s shop and raise his trunk to greet the tailor. The tailor used to offer the elephant a banana. The elephant would gulp it down, thank the tailor by raising his trunk, and walk away.

One evening the tailor was in a mischievous mood. When the elephant greeted him and stretched his trunk to collect the banana, the tailor playfully pricked the elephant with a needle. The elephant winced in pain. The tailor laughed loudly. The wounded animal walked away.

Next day, as usual, the elephant went to the pond for a bath. On the way back, he stopped at another pond with muddy water. Then he walked purposefully to the tailor’s shop. The tailor was busy with his work. He had stitched several dresses, and had ironed and neatly arranged them. He was admiring his work, when he saw the elephant stop at his shop and raise his trunk. The next moment, the elephant sent forth a spray of muddy water, and drenched the newly-stitched clothes.

The tailor was shocked. He joined his hands in salutation. “Serves me right, friend. I was nasty to you and you have returned the compliment.” Then the tailor assured his friend, “I will never hurt you again.” The elephant nodded his head, raised his trunk and walked away majestically.

This is the story of twelve fools. The story sometimes gets referred to as the story of twelve wise men. Once, twelve men start on a journey. After crossing a river, they get a doubt whether all of them had been able to cross the river or not. Each one who counts, leaves himself out, and in the bargain they are convinced that their number is reduced from twelve to eleven, and that one man is lost. At that time a passerby offers to help. He gives each a blow on the back, and when twelve strokes are heard, the men are satisfied that they are twelve and not eleven. Satisfied, they resume their journey. The moral of the story is that sometimes we tend to overlook what is obvious. When we do that we appear to be foolish, and we will consider even the casual move of others as wise moves.

Once there lived a poor woodcutter. He earned his living by cutting wood in the jungle and selling it in the market. One day he was cutting wood on the bank of a river. Accidentally his axe fell down into the river. The river was deep. He could not take his axe out. He sat on the bank and began to weep. The goddess of water heard his cry and appeared before him. She asked him why he was weeping. The woodcutter told her that he had only one axe with which he used to cut wood and earn his living. As the axe had fallen into the river, he was weeping. The goddess dived into the river and brought a golden axe. The woodcutter refused to take it saying that it was not his. The goddess dived again and brought a silver axe. The woodcutter did not take it either. Then she brought an iron axe. The woodcutter took it gladly saying that it was his. The goddess was much pleased with his honesty and gave him all the three axes. The woodcutter was overjoyed and went home thanking the goddess. The moral of the story is, ‘Honesty is the best policy'.

a. Here the speaker was Don Pedro.

b. According to the speaker the Sailers (seamen) are simple men.

c. When Columbus told to Don Pedro the seamen were drink too much, so they were singing, that singing irritated him So the speaker wanted to balance the situation on both the side he said the above words.

Where will I find the keys?