Explore topic-wise InterviewSolutions in Current Affairs.

Correct option -(A) char S[5] 

Explanation:-

A string is nothing but a char array. 

Given:

⇒ A's salary = Rs.45000

Calculation:

⇒ B's salary = 45000 × 2 = Rs.90000

⇒ C's salary = 90000 × 3/5 = Rs.54000

∴ Total salary of A, B and C = 90000 + 45000 + 54000 = Rs.1,89,000

Given:

Successive discount = 6%, 15% and 14%

Concept used:

S.P = M.P × (100 – D₁)/100 × (100 – D₂)/100 × (100 – D₃)/100

Discount = M.P – S.P 

Discount% = ((Discount)/(M.P)) × 100

Calcualtions:

Let MP be 100x

Given:

A series of Discounts 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%

Formula Used: 

 Equivalent = A + B + (AB)/100

Calculation:

Discount is written as negative 

 Equivalent discount for 5% and 10% = (– 5) + (–10) + {(– 5) × (– 10)}/100

⇒ (– 5) + (– 10) + (0.5)

⇒ (– 15 + 0.5)

⇒ (– 14.5)

⇒ Equivalent Discount for 5% and 10% = 14.5%

Now, Equivalent discount for 14.5% and 15% = (– 14.5) + (– 15) + {(– 14.5) × (– 15)}/100

⇒ (– 14.5) + (– 15) + (2.175)

⇒ (– 29.5 + 2.175)

⇒ (– 27.325)

⇒ Equivalent Discount for 5%, 10% and 15% = 27.325%

Now, Equivalent discount for 27.325% and 20% = (– 27.325) + (– 20) + {(– 27.325) × (– 20)}/100

⇒ (– 27.325) + (– 20) + (5.465)

⇒ (– 47.325 + 5.465)

⇒ (– 41.86)

⇒ Equivalent Discount for 5%, 10%, 15% and 20% = 41.86%

∴  A single discount equivalent to a discount series of 5%, 10%, 15% and 20% is 41.86%.

Correct answer is (b) will win

Correct answer is (a) would

Correct option is D) shelves

A Control Room is a room serving as an operations centre where a facility or service can be monitored and controlled. A definition or description of a control room for security would be “a facility for the provision or procurement of assistance or advice for guarding, mobile patrol and mobile supervisory staff in routine and emergency situations”.

1. (b) ungreateful

2. (a) wise

3. (a) always

4. (c) strongest

5. (b) softer

Creativity

A passion for design and Creativity are essential for becoming a visual merchandiser?

1. A Visual Merchandiser takes care of the window display representing a seasonal theme with mannequins the arrangement of merchandise according to concepts and stories. 

2. He decorates the window display in such a way that the customer gets excited by the brand and increases the walk-ins. 

3. A Visual Merchandiser also spends a lot of time training the store staff on how to place merchandise.

Correct option: (b)Semi colon (;)

The four areas forming duties and responsibilities of a Merchandiser are: 

Planning

Though the merchandisers may not be directly involved in the actual purchase of merchandise, they formulate the policies for the areas in which they are responsible.

Directing

It is a very important function of the merchandiser that he will guide and train buyers as and when the need arises.

Coordinating

The merchandise managers supervise the work of more than one buyer, hence they need to coordinate the buying effort of the buyers.

Controlling

Assessing not only the merchandise performance, but also the buyer’s performance as well as buying behaviour is part of the merchandise manager’s job.

Correct option: B. Capitalization rules

Correct option is C) arrested

Designing prototypes is one part of the process. But there are various approaches to prototyping and it is always necessary to select the correct approach to your product which fits into the time and resource constraints. This type of prototype helps to make changes easily and quickly.

Correct answer is

c. To coordinate between the company and retailer to provide a wider platform for the product.

d. Reduces the possibility of fraud

Physical verification of stock helps in Reduces the possibility of fraud.

Stock verification is the process of systematic checking the holdings of the library to find out the missing items. 

Methods 

1. Accession Number 

2. Call number

Correct answer is

a. To test in the market for responses to its visual appeal, practicality and commercial viability.

Correct option: (b) Job requirement

(b) Reliance Industries

Correct option: (b) Rule 194 of GFR

The rules and regulations of Stock exchange is framed by SEBI guidelines.

(b) Certificate of Deposit

The Organizational Structures can be classified into TWO types which are : 

(i) Functional Structure : When activities within an organization are grouped on the basis of major functions , like Production, Finance , Marketing and Human Resource and Separate Departments are created for each of these Functions , a functional structure is Said to be Created . 

(ii) Divisional Structure : In a Divisional Structure , separate divisions are created within an Organization on the basis of product lines and supported by functions . Divisional Structure is suitable for a company manufacturing multiple products .

(d) Multiple times

Organizing is the process of identifying and grouping of the work to be performed , Defining and Delegating Responsibility and Authority and Establishing Relationships for the purpose of evaluating people to work more effectively together in accomplishing their objectives . 

Thus we can say that “Organization is a group of people , who are co-operating under the direction of leadership for the accomplishment of common end” . 

(a) Money market

(b) Commercial Paper

Differential Piece Rate System is an incentive bonus plan suggested by Taylor . Under this plan , the piece wage rate paid to efficient workers is higher than the normal piece wage rate . 

Purpose : According to Taylor, the wages of efficient and inefficient workers should be distinguished on the basis of level of output. This approach helps to stimulate less efficient workers to improve their performance and provide them higher job satisfaction . Thus the efficient workers get motivated as they are paid at a higher rate than those who perform below standard .

The Consumer Protection Act , 1986 confers six rights to the consumers . The Consumer Protection Councils have been setup under the Act as to promote and protect these consumer rights . 

Following TWO Rights discussed here are : 

(i) Right to Safety 

(ii) Right to Information 

(iii) Right to Choose 

(iv) Right to be Heard 

(v) Right to Seek Redressal 

(vi) Right to Consumer Education 

Advertising is the most commonly used tool of promotion. It is an impersonal from of communication, which is paid for by sponsors to promote some goods or service. 

A. Merits of Advertising: 

1. Mass Reach: Advertising is a medium through which a large number of people can be reached over vast geographical area. 

2. Enhancing customer satisfaction and confidence: Advertising creates confidence amongst prospective buyers as they feel more comfortable and assured about the product quality and hence feel more satisfied. 

3. Expressiveness: with the help of computer designs, graphics, etc advertising has developed into one of the most forceful medium of communication. With the special effects created, even simple product and messages look very attractive. 

4. Economy: Advertising is a very economical mode of communication. A large number of people can be reached at a time. Because of its wide reach, the overall cost of advertising gets spread over numerous communication links established. As a result the per unit cost of reach comes low. 

B. Limitations of advertising: 

1. Less Forceful: Advertising is an impersonal form of communication. It is less forceful than personal selling as there is no compulsion on the prospects to pay attention to the message. 

2. Lack of feedback: The evaluation of the effectiveness of the advertising message is very difficult as there is no immediate feedback mechanism of the message that is delivered. 

3. Inflexibility: Advertising is less flexible as the message is standardized and cannot be altered according to the requirements of the different customer groups. 

4. Low Effectiveness: As the volume of advertising is getting more and more expanded, it is becoming difficult to make advertising messages heard by the target customers. This affects the effectives of advertising. 

C. Objections to Advertising: 

1. Adds to cost: Advertising unnecessarily adds to the cost of product, which is ultimately passed on to the buyers in the form of high prices. The money spent on advertising adds to the cost, which is an important factor in the fixation of the price of a product. But, advertisement also helps to increase the demand for the product as large number of potential buyer are persuaded to buy more product. Increased demand leads to higher production, which brings in the economies of scale. As a result, the per unit cost of production comes down. This reduces the burden of consumers. 

2. Undermines social values: People argue that advertising undermines social values and promotes materialism. It encourages dissatisfaction among people as they come to known about new products and feel dissatisfied with their present state of affairs. But, advertisement in fact, helps buyers by informing them about the new products, which may be improvement over the existing products. If the buyers are not informed about these products, they may be using inefficient products. 

3. Confuses the buyers: So many advertisements create confusion among the buyers. All advertisements make similar claims that the buyer gets confused as to which one is true and which product should be purchased. But, the supporters of advertisement argue that buyers can clear their confusion by analyzing the information provided on the advertisements and other sources before taking a decision to purchase a product. 

4. Encourages sale of inferior product: Advertising does not distinguish between superior and inferior products. Hence, it persuades people to buy even inferior products. But, superiority and inferiority depends on the quality, which is a relative concept. The desired level of quality also depends on the economic status and preferences of the target customers. Hence, advertisements are not solely responsible for the sale of inferior products. 

5. Some advertisements are in bad taste: Another Criticism against advertising is that some advertisements are in bad taste. These show something which is not approved generally by people some advertisement also distort the human relationships. There can be some chances of misuse of adverting as a tool, which can be properly safeguarded by the low or by developing a code of conduct by the advertisers, for their self regulation. 

Conclusion: Most of the Criticism against advertising are not entirely true. In the changed are economic environment of globalization, advertising is considered as an important tool of marketing. It helps a firm in effectively communicating with its target market, increasing the sale and there by reducing the per-unit cost of production. 

It is not a social waste it adds value to the social cause by increasing production and generating more employment opportunities. Hence, advertising is a use and not a waste.

Pablo Neruda wishes for that exotic moment when mankind will be free from greed, cruelty and harmful actions. Unnecessary rush and noise have caused unpleasantness and troubles. The poet wishes the noise of engines and machines should cease and peace and tranquility should prevail.

1. Cost of the product: Cost of the product includes the cost of producing, distributing and selling the product. The cost sets the floor price at which the product may be sold. The firm aims at earning a margin of profit over and above the costs. Total costs are the sum total of the fixed, variable and semi-variable costs for the specific level of activity.

2. The Utility and Demand: While the product costs set the lower limits of the price, the utility provided by the product and the intensity of demand of the buyer sets the upper limit of the price, which a buyer would be prepared to pay. According to the law of demand, consumers usually purchase more units at a low price than at high price. The price of a product is also affected by the elasticity of demand of the product. If the demand of a product, is inelastic, the firm can fix higher prices and vice versa.

3. Extent of competition in the market: Price is affected by the nature and the degree of competition. If less competition is there in the market, prices can reach the upper limit. Thus, competitors prices and their anticipated reactions must be considered before fixing the price of a product.

4. Government and legal regulations: In order to protect the interest of public against unfair practices in the field of price fixing, Government can intervene and regulate the price of commodities. Government can also declare a product as essential product and regulate its price.

(a) Time Study– In this technique Taylor emphasised on setting a standard time limit for completing any particular job. With the help of time measuring tools, considerable readings were taken for the time taken to complete a task. On the basis of this a standard time limit is set for each task. This helped in deciding the number of workers to be employed for the task, determining their wages, etc. For example, if, on the basis of observations it is determined that one person can finish making 1 shirt in two hours then, in a working day of 8 hours, each worker should make 4 shirts.

(b) Motion Study– As the name suggests, motion study refers to the study of motion (movements) involved while undertaking a task. This technique aims at removing the unwanted actions/motions so that the work can be completed in a lesser time. Taylor along with his associate Frank Gailberth observed the motions of a worker and categorised them as productive, incidental and unproductive. They demonstrated that by eliminating the unproductive movements productivity can be increased. For example, in brick layering they demonstrated that productivity increased by nearly 4 times by reducing the motions from 18 to 5.

(c) Fatigue Study– This technique is regarding requirement of rest or break during the work. If a worker works continuously physical and mental fatigue sets. This reduces his/her efficiency. Thus, the worker requires rest or break. Fatigue study identifies the intervals required while completing a task. It suggests that standard break timings should be decided for improving the working performance of workers.

(d) Method Study– This study aims at finding out the best method of completing any work. It takes into account each and every activity involved in the task. It helps in reducing the costs and maximising the satisfaction of the customers. Assembly line production, used by Ford Motors is a popular example of method study.

(e) Simplification and Standardization of Work– Taylor holds up standardization as the very basis of techniques of scientific management. Standardization as the word suggests implies setting of milestones or benchmarks for any work or activity. Various other techniques by Taylor, such as method study, fatigue study and time study are also based on the concept of standardization.

Simplification on the other hand means eliminating any unnecessary diversifications in the product. It aims at fuller utilisation of the resources, reducing inventories and increasing the turnover. It helps in reducing the costs of labour and machines. This technique helps in optimum utilisation of resources and removes the unnecessary costs related to work.

1. Unity of command
. There should be one and only one boss for every individual employee.
. If an employee gets order from two superior at the same time, the principle is violated.
. Consequences of violation: authority is undermined, discipline is in jeopardy, order is disturbed, and stability is threatened.
. Order
. People and material must be in suitable places at appropriate time for maximum efficiency.
. It means ‘a place for everything (everyone) and everything (everyone) in its (his/her) place’ i.e. orderliness.
. Benefits of the principle: no hindrance in the activities of business, increased productivity and efficiency.

What is being observed is the Golgi complex, or Golgi apparatus. This a cytoplasmic organelle is associated with chemical processing and modification of proteins made by the cell and with storage and branding of these proteins for posterior use or secretion. Vesicles seen under the electronic microscope contain material already processed, ready to be exported (secreted) by the cell. The vesicles detach from the Golgi apparatus, travel across the cytoplasm and fuse with the plasma membrane then secreting their substances to the exterior.

Intracellular digestion occurs by the action of lysosomes. Lysosomes have digestive enzymes (hydrolases) that are made in the rough endoplasmic reticulum and stored in the Golgi apparatus. Lysosomes are hydrolase containing vesicles that detach from the Golgi apparatus.

1. False

2. True.

3. False

4. True

5. True

(c) Greenland ice sheet melt water, which moves to the sea under the ice in contact with the land surface, may transport solids or dissolved material such as iron to the ocean. Measurements of the amount of available iron in melt water from the Greenland ice sheet shows that extensive melting of the ice sheet might add an amount of iron to the Atlantic Ocean equivalent to that added by airborne dust. This would increase biological activity in the Atlantic.

According to the EPA, “Simply defined, a hazardous waste is a waste with properties that make it dangerous or capable of having a harmful effect on human health or the environment.” Hazardous waste also includes different physical forms, including: solids, liquids, and gases. 

The EPA breaks down hazardous wastes into four characteristics:

• Ignitability – something flammable
• Corrosivity – something that can rust or decompose
• Reactivity – something explosive
• Toxicity – something poisonous

Ignitability

• Liquids with a flash point–the lowest temperature at which fumes above waste ignite–of 60 degrees Celsius or 140 degrees Fahrenheit.
• Solids that spontaneously combust.
• Oxidizers and compressed gasses.

(b) Electronic waste or E-waste has ferrous and nonferrous metals both. Non-ferrous metals like copper, aluminium, silver, gold, platinum, palladium etc. The presence of elements like lead, mercury arsenic, cadmium, selenium and hexavalent chromium are classified as hazardous waste.

(d) best-demonstrated available technology