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Kundla Road
Chaumahla
25 Janaury 2020
The Station Head Officer
Police Station
Gangdhar

Sir,

I seek to lodge a report that today at about 2.00 p.m. on Station Road my bicycle has been stolen. I went to Shree Nath Store, to buy Excellent English Course Class XII, but I forgot to lock the cycle. I put the bicycle before the store and went into the store. I made some purchases there. When I returned, I found my bicycle missing. I was shocked and puzzled. I asked everybody, but all in vain. Nobody knew about the bicycle. They told me that they had not seen my bicycle and they had not seen anybody riding away the bicycle.

My bicyle was red. It was Atlas Goldline Super Delux, 22 inch. The number of its body is VC 25840032432. It has a carrier also.

An urgent action to investigate the theft is solicited.

Yours faithfully

Salamat Ali (Fojdar)

A Report on School Annual Function

Agra, January 5

Our school celebrated its founding day by organizing a grand annual function in the school auditorium on December 30.

All students, their parents, teachers and staff and other respected invitees attended the function.

The programme started upon the arrival of the chief guest, the District Magistrate of Agra at 11 a.m. The proceedings began with welcoming speech delivered by the principal. This was followed by a short speech by the chairman of the school’s managing committee in which he spoke of the school’s eventful journey and achievements in the last two decades since its establishment in 1995.

Then followed a number of dance, song and cultural performances which were beautifully persented and entertained the audience.

The chief guest delivered his inspiring speech which urged the students to do their best and bring honour to the school, their family and the country.

Finally, the school band played the national anthem and the function ended at 1:30 am. Sweets and refreshment were served to all those present and the day ended on a happy note.

विद्यालय के वार्षिक समारोह पर एक रिपोर्ट

आगरा जनवरी 5

हमारे विद्यालय में अपना स्थापना दिवस दिसम्बर, 30 को विद्यालय प्रेक्षागृह में एक भव्य वार्षिक समारोह सम्पन्न कर मनाया।

सभी विद्यार्थियों, उनके माता-पिता, शिक्षकगण व कर्मचारियों तथा अन्य सम्मानित अतिथियों की समारोह में उपस्थिति रही। कार्यक्रम मुख्य अतिथि, आगरा के जिलाधिकारी के आगमन के साथ 11 बजे आरम्भ हुआ। शुरुआत, प्रधानाध्यापक के स्वागत भाषण से हुई। तत्पश्चात् विद्यालय की प्रबन्धन समिति के अध्यक्ष का छोटा भाषण हुआ जिसमें उन्होंने विद्यालय की शानदार यात्रा व उसकी अनेक उपलब्धियों का उल्लेख किया जो उसकी वर्ष 1995 में स्थापना के बाद प्राप्त की।

इसके बाद अनेक नृत्य, गाने व सांस्कृतिक प्रस्तुतियाँ हुयीं, जो बड़ी सुन्दरता से की गई व जिन्होंने दर्शकों को मनोरंजन किया।

मुख्य अतिथि ने अपना प्रेरणादायक भाषण दिया जिसमें उन्होंने विद्यार्थियों से अपना सर्वश्रेष्ठ प्रयास करने का आवाहन किया जिससे वे विद्यालय, अपने परिवार व देश का सम्मान बढ़ा सकें।

अन्ततः विद्यालय के बैण्ड ने राष्ट्रगान बजाया व समारोह 1:30 बजे समाप्त हुआ। सभी उपस्थित लोगों को मिठाइयाँ व जलपान दिया गया व दिन एक प्रसन्न अवस्था में समाप्त हुआ।

123 Adarsh Nagar
Jodhpur
12 March 2020
The Manager
SBI
Jodhpur

Sir,

It is to draw your kind attention to the rude behaviour of Mr R. K. Soni, the cashier of your bank. We have so many complaints against him. Whenever we approach his counter, we have to stand for hours to get the amount because he is often found either out or indulged in chatting. He can be seen talking on phone or another person present there in the bank. We wait for him for a long time but he doesn’t seem to pay attention to the customers. Whenever we request him, he starts behaving in a rude manner, particularly with the customers. When he makes payment, he does not care for priority. He doesn’t make any logical system of paying so that nobody has to stand in queue and wait for his number standing at the window. It is hoped that you will personally look into the matter and redress the situation.

Yours faithfully
Jyotsana

A Report on Hazards of Smoking

The habit of smoking, especially in youngsters, has assumed alarming proportions in India. Adolescents take up smoking as recreation and soon fall into this great harmful habit. A recent survey done by World Health Organization revealed that the number of regular smokers in the age group of 17 to 25 has gone up by about 15 per cent in the last decade. The WHO report estimated the cost of de-addiction and medical treatment of smokers at 700 crores annually. The percentage of smokers in urban and rural areas is almost the same and deaths due to smoking-related diseases have been put at almost 2.5 million annually.

Students, young professionals, workers and agricultural labourers are some sections that are more prone to the habit of smoking.

Passive smoking has also became a major health hazard for non-smokers like children and women.

A recent law has banned smoking in public places and workplaces and penalties have been imposed on violaters. Huge profits made by tobacco companies and the income obtained by the government through excise duty on tobacco products has prevented a complete ban on tobacco products; however awareness drives should be initiated to educate the youth about the fatal effects of smoking on their health.

धूम्रपान के दुष्प्रभावों पर एक रिपोर्ट
भारत में धूम्रपान की आदत, विशेषकर युवा वर्ग में खतरनाक आयाम ले चुकी है। नवयुवक मनोरंजन के लिए धूम्रपान करने लगते हैं व जल्द की इस अत्यन्त हानिकारक आदत के शिकार हो जाते हैं। विश्व स्वास्थ्य संगठन द्वारा किये एक हाल के सर्वेक्षण से ज्ञात हुआ है कि पिछले एक दशक में 17 से 25 वर्ष के आयु वर्ग में धूम्रपान करने वालों की संख्या लगभग 15 प्रतिशत बढ़ी है। इस report ने इस आदत से मुक्ति पाने व इससे होने वाले रोगों के इलाज का खर्च १ 700 करोड़ प्रति वर्ष ऑका है। शहरी एवं ग्रामीण इलाकों में धूम्रपान करने वलों की संख्या लगभग समान है व धूम्रपान-सम्बन्धित रोगों से मरने वालों की वार्षिक संख्या 25 लाख बतायी गयी है।

विद्यार्थी, युवा बुद्धिजीवी, कामगार व कृषि मजदूर कुछ ऐसे वर्ग है जिनमें धूम्रपान की आदत अधिक पायी गयी है। अप्रत्यक्ष धूम्रपान भी धूम्रपान न करने वालों-जैसे बच्चों व महिलाओं के लिए एक गम्भीर स्वास्थ्य समस्या बन गयी है।

एक हाल में बने कानून द्वारा धूम्रपान को सार्वजनिक स्थलों व कार्यस्थलों में प्रतिबन्धित कर दिया गया है तथा उल्लंघन करने वालों पर दण्ड का प्रावधान रखा गया है।

तम्बाकू कम्पनियों द्वारा कमाये गये भारी मुनाफे तथा सरकार को तम्बाकू उत्पादों से मिलने वाले राजस्व के कारण तम्बाकू उत्पादों पर पूर्ण प्रतिबन्ध सम्भव नहीं है, फिर भी युवाओं को धूम्रपान के घातक प्रभावों के विषय में शिक्षित करने हेतु जानकारी देने के अभियान चलाए जाने चाहिए।

Our school organized a painting competition on state level. Students belonging to three categories had been invited. The first category was for the students of class I to V, the second category was meant for the students of VI to VIII and the third category was for the students of IX to XII. For each category, about 200 students participated.

The students came from far and near districts. The venue of the competition was Regional College of Education, Ajmer.

The competition started exactly at 9.30 a.m. on 16th of August 20–. The topics for painting were announced on the spot for each category.
Exactly at 12.00 a.m. the competition was over. All the participants were sent to their respective messes under proper supervision of their teachers. Side by side, the judges of the various categories adjudicated the I, II and, III prizes for each categories. Besides, there were five consolation prizes for each category.

After lunch, all the students assembled in the auditorium of Laxmibai Hostel. The prize awarding function was a grand success. Our principal thanked all the guests and the participants.

A Report on Ground Water Conservation

Jamnagar, Febrauary 10

Dangerously low levels of groundwater in most regions of Saurashtra have sent alarm bells ringing. In a recent survey, it was found that groundwater levels have gone down by almost 50150 feet in the last decade. Rising population, growing industrialisation and increased agricultural demands have put an increased burden on available water resources. In and around Jamnager, efforts have been made to collect water by builing dams and reservoirs to conserve rainwater. However, erratic rainfall leaves them mostly dry.

The situation worsens during summers and most tubewells, wells and submersible pumps become useless.

About 60 per cent of irrigated agriculture and 85 per cent of drinking water supply depends on groundwater sources in Jamnagar. Hence, receding of groundwater levels has created acute water shortage in and around the city.

Recently, new rainwater-harvesting systems have been installed in apartment blocks and in many buildings. Water-recyling has also been taken up on a large scale and careful use of water is being taught to people. These measures are expected to improve the situation of water availibility in the city in the coming years.

भूमिगत जल संरक्षण पर एक रिपोर्ट

जामनगर, फरवरी 10

सौराष्ट्र के अधिकतर क्षेत्रों में भूमिगत जल के खतरनाक होते नीचे स्तर के खतरे की घंटी बजा दी है। हाल में किए एक सर्वेक्षण में यह ज्ञात हुआ है कि भूमिगत जलस्तर अनेक स्थानों पर लगभग 50 से 150 फीट घट गया है। बढ़ती जनसंख्या, बढ़ता हुआ औद्योगिकरण एवं बढ़ती कृषि मार्गों ने उपलब्ध जल संसाधानों पर अतिरिक्त दबाव डाला है। जामनगर व इसके आस-पास के क्षेत्रे में बाँध व जलाशय बनाकर वर्षा के पानी का संग्रह करने का प्रयास किया गया है। किन्तु असमान वर्षा के कारण ये अक्सर सूखे रहते हैं। स्थिति गर्मीयों में और बिगड़ जाती है तथा अधिकतर ट्यूबवेल, कुएँ व भूमिगत पम्प बेकार हो जाते हैं।

जामनगर में लगभग 60 प्रतिशत सिंचित कृषि तथा 85 प्रतिशत पेयजल आपूर्ति भूमिगत जल पर निर्भर है। इस कारण भूमिगत जल स्तर का नीचे गिरना शहर व उसके आस-पास विकट जल-संकट उत्पन्न कर दिया है।

हाल में आवासीय परिसरों व इमारतों में नए जल-संग्रहण निकाय लगाये गये हैं। जल-चक्रीय शोधन को भी बड़े पैमाने पर प्रारम्भ किया गया है तथा जल का सावधानीपूर्ण उपयोग लोगों को सिखाया जा रहा है। इन सभी प्रयासों से आने वाले वर्षों में शहर में जल उपलब्धि की स्थिति के बेहतर हो जाने की अपेक्षा की जा रही है।

GOVT. SENIOR SEC. SCHOOL, AJMER

16 September 20–

NOTICE
Tour of Mt, Abhu

All the students are informed about an Educational Tour of Mt. Abu organised by History Club as per the given programme:
Span 7 days (3rd Oct to 9th Oct)
Own school bus with cooks
Under History & Geography teachers Fee 2350/- only per head
Those who are interested may contact the undersigned before 30 September.
Yashpal
Secretary, History Club

Kota, 02 October 2020

Like previous years, this year too Gyan Mandir, Kota celebrated Gandhi Jayanti. One of the main features of the function was Blood Donation camp. The function started at 10:30 am with pushpanjali and Bhajans favourite to Bapuji. The students of class XII sang Bapuji’s favourite bhajan ‘Raghupati Raghav Raja Ram’. Some other bhajans were sweetly sung by girls.

Then the blood donation camp started at 11:45 am. The camp was organised with the help of Red Cross Society. The Red Cross Society authorities sent trained staff and van. Our Principal and teachers motivated the students and staff members for blood donation. Our teachers made us understand that there is no side effect of donating blood. Any person can donate blood after every three months. Our Principal sir said that blood donation can help a dying person. There is no alternative of blood, hence blood donation is the only solution. So, man should help man. He was the first to donate blood. About fifty students and staff members donated their blood in the camp. It gave a great pleasure and satisfaction to each doner.

Report by Sameer

Class XII Student

An ex-serviceman re-employed to the Civil Post / service on or before 31/12/2003 is covered under the CCS (Pension) Rules, 1972. Therefore the benefit of Rule 19 also becomes automatically available to him. An ex-serviceman re-employed in civil service on or after 1/1/2004 is covered by the National Pension System and is not covered under the CCS (Pension) Rules, 1972. Therefore the benefit of Rule 19 is not available to the exserviceman on re-employment on or after 1/1/2004.

EX-SERVICEMAN HOUSING SOCIETY, VIRATNAGAR

25 July 20–

NOTICE
A Cultural Program

All the people of our town are informed that a cultural programme-a drama on ‘Satyavadi Harishchandra’ is going to be staged in the hall of our Housing Society. It is organised for the help of the blind people of our town. You are requested to attend the programme.
Nikunj
Secretary

Held one time in a week  is weekly market.

(d) All of these. 

Ghuriay  is author of the book "Caste and Race in India".

Durkhiem said, "City is a society those members are related with each other with solidarity ".

Community is not type of social stratification .

According to M. E. Jones “Social change is a term used to describe variations in our modification of, any aspect of social progress, social patterns, social interactions or social organization” The various factors of social change

In all societies there are several conditions or causes that make for social change. These conditions are understood as factors. The change may occur internally. All the factors which bring change in society naturally or change comes from within society is known as intrinsic change. 

Natural factor or Geographical factors: Change brought by natural conditions or change brought by environment is called as physical factor or geographical factors. Man and society exist within the environment. Whenever change occur in environment it brings change in society too. 

Aecording to Ian Robertson, relationship between social and environmental factors bring change in society. We find less change in polar region. More on banks of river. When society grows complex. It brings more loss on geographical factors. Civilization brings convenience to man but develops controversies with environment.

Recently because of technological and scientific developments we find less influence of physical factor. Growth of culture and civilization minimize the influence of geography.

Biological factor: It indicates two types A) One is non human biological factor and B) Second is human biological factor. It is true that both constitute total life on earth. Mclver and page are the opinion that demographic or biological factors involves l)size of population 2) structure of population 3) Heredity 4) race 5) Birth rate 6)Death rate 7) fertility 8) sex ratio

Six of population: People are assets, without men and women this society is useless. But the size of population is to balanced. We know that according to Malthus, more population leads to poverty. Similarly optimum size of population, theory explains that there should be balance between population and production of food. It fails we find change in society. To maintain balanced society we want population.

Birth rate and death rate: A high birth rate and low death rate leads to population increase. This brings various problems, like poverty, unemployment, housing problems etc Similar lower birth rate and higher death rate brings changes in society like that of scarcity of human resources, decrease in efficiently. This may create defense problem in nation.

Migration: It is one of the most influential activities which brings changes in society. Migration means movements of population from one area to another. There are two types of migration 1) Urban rural migration 2) Rural urban migration.

Age and sex ratio: Population constitutes three elements in its structure children, youth and old. In every society the members of below fourteen years and more. But in china due to strick’ One child norm’ there is decrease in 0-14 years age children ratio. If youth population low economic development.

Cultural factor: Man is a social human being. Also man is a cultural being, the term society itself express that, it is a cultural phenomenon. Without culture it is difficult to understand social life.

Mainly three process can be observed which bring change: 

• Discovery: discovery is the perception which unfold a reality that already exists, for egg. Vasco- D-Gama discovered way to India by sea. 
• Invention: invention is use of existing knowledge to produce something that did not exist before 
• Diffusion: diffusion is the spread of cultural elements from one culture to another. For egg. Western culture is spreading in east. Buddhism and its culture spread in China and Sri Lanka.

Use of machines and technological tools are common in modem society. Scientific development and approach towards making life more convenient, help the growth of society Ogbum and Nimkoff remark that the Most novel phenomena in society is not capitalism but Mechanization. The role of technology can be discovered in the following ways:

Transport and communication: After 18th century, we see big changes in society due to industrialization, communication and transportation. Such development took place only because of growth in technology. As a result now modern technology has changed the joint family system and its relationships. Communication skills, transportation methods changed to such extent that today human world is called as “Global Village”.

Growth of classes: Industrialization leads to growth of urbanization. Industrialization brought opportunities for new professions. Youths are provided new jobs. Along with it new “Class” system developed in society. Society is classified as upper middle and lower class.

Agriculture: Changes in the agricultural technology directly influenced rural community invention of new agricultural tools and techniques’ chemical manures brought increase in agricultural production which influenced standard of living in village.

In 1917 "Nil Movement" start in Champaran.

Untouchability is related with Caste system.

The correct answer is Gopal Baba Walangkar.

• Vital-Vidhvansak (Destroyer of Brahmanical or Ceremonial Pollution) was the first monthly journal to have the untouchable people as its target audience.
• It was published by Gopal Baba Walangkar.
• Gopal Baba was born into a family of Mahar caste which is a scheduled caste.
• He was appointed to the local taluk board of Mahad in 1895 and many upper-caste members were displeased with the appointment. It even caused considerable debate in newspapers.
• Some upper-caste people who were in the position of power did not want anyone from scheduled caste to take place with them.
• Hence, Gopal Baba wrote many articles for Marathi-language newspapers such as Sudharak and Deenbandhu, as well as composing couplets in Marathi that were intended to inspire the people.

• Vital-Vidhvansak was published in 1889. The book specifically talked about the position of untouchables in society and raised consciousness regarding what those people should expect.

Article 365 is related with Give importance to ST in Civil Services

Ogbum and Nimkoff says that sometimes “Boon to society is also opposed”

The factors for resistance are:

Inadequacy of invention: For one or the other reason. People may or may not show interest in inventions. Some time the innovatory fails to convince the community. Inventions do not impress community life or are needful by that perfect of time. 

Fear: Men in general are happy with present. People always .feel that new disturbs or may bring new problems. When Thomas Edison invented electric bulb, exhibition of illuminating electric bulb was arranged, immediately when electric bulb illuminated, people ran away with fear. Earlier people did not show interest in photography.

Ignorance: Education and training make him intelligent. Even though man is ignorant about new. Before he is given proper knowledge his ignorance make him to resist. Secondly some men do not even learn to live. They are happy with their ignorance. America took generations to learn use of iron plough. Material change and its resistances is temporary. For example Mahatma Gandhij i and his efforts are still in process to bring “non alcoholic society”.

Habit: Man develops his personality thorough socialization. Once developed Personality cannot be changed easily. Personality is a complex whole of many habits. Habits force man to follow traditions. Habits influence our thoughts and dialylife.. people hesitate to accept new rules and regulations in society. 

Vested Interests: Vested Interest are selfish groups who want statuesque. Most social changes carry a threat to some vested interests. Land Reform Act in India brought change. But such change and legislative reformations were opposed by land lords. Orthodox society is always in fear of losing its interests, it opposes inter caste marriage.

Economic Costs: Money play important role in adopting social change. For example to implement five year planning Indian government invested money. In recent tears cost of planning is raising. Some of the welfare measures like education, health, housing are lagging behind.

Lack of an integrated approach: Society is combination of different parts, for example religion, education, government are in social system only. Change in one element brings change in another part also. When we want to bring change in religion it is necessary to bring change in education system also. To eradicate blind belief or evil practices all other conditions in prevailing society should be changed.

Technical difficulties in implementation: Looking to new technical innovations, society adopt its life style. Community many times accepts technical changes immediately, but does not accept some time. Technical devices should be restructured or they are not suitable to the conditions, hence there is hindrance in acceptance.

Intellectual Laziness: Creativity drive the attention immediately. Lack of creativity in man does not accept new. Active men agree to modem condition. Lazy do not. To understand the importance of new one must show interest in it. when there is lack of interest and do not pay attention, it is difficult to make men to change themselves.

Desire for stability: Society and its functions go smooth with required stability. Individuals are safe in stable society. Change disturbs the balance in present society. Often change brings insecurity to people in society. Common men feel

1. No guarantee in new social system, and 

2. New things may bring pain. 

3. Pleasure and comforts may not exists in new 

4. Wants to maintain present status.

Therefore, members in stable conditions do not accept change. Desire for stability is guard against change.

Durkheim is the author of the book "The elementry forms of religious life".

Berges & Lock  has written "The family".

Jayotiba Phoole has addressed the word depressed caste in the place of untouchable caste.

Robert Park has given the concept of Marginal Man .

Concept:

• Western Ghats regions have the highest potential for wind energy.
• According to a recent study, high capacity utilization factor (CUF) potential for wind energy regions is distributed in the states of Andhra Pradesh, Gujarat, Karnataka, Maharashtra, and Tamil Nadu.
• Devgad a taluka in Sindhudurg, where a wind energy plant is established.

2001 is declared as 'Women empowerment year' .

Correct option is B) accidentally

Correct option is A) much more easily

Correct option is  C) crazy

Correct option is A) neglected

The correct answer is Dungri La Pass.

• The Dungri la pass or Mana Pass is the high altitude mountain pass and the highest motorable road with an elevation of 5,608 m (18,399 ft).
• Dungri La Pass connects India and Tibet, located in the Nanda Devi Biosphere Reserve of the Zanskar mountain range in the Uttarakhand.

• It appears to now be one of the highest vehicle-accessible pass in the world, containing a road constructed in the 2005-2010 period for the Indian military by the Border Roads Organisation. 

Drift velocity,

V_d = \(\frac{I}{neA}\) 

= \(\frac{I}{n(nd^2/4)e}\)

i.e., V_d ∝ \(\frac{1}{n}\) 

Since the wires are connected in series, 

Current I through both is same.

Given, 

n_x = 2n_y

∴ \(\frac{(v_d)x}{(v_d)y}\) = \(\frac{n_y}{n_x}\) = \(\frac{1}{2}\)

The same current flows through every part of the circuit containing three resistances in series connected to a battery.

We know that, R ∝ l 

Initial resistance of the wire = RΩ 

When wire is cut into 5 pieces, its resistance will become 1/5^th . 

∴ resistance of each piece of wire after being cut into 5 pieces = \(\frac{R}{5}\)Ω 

Now, these wires are connected is parallel.

∴\(\frac{1}{R'}\) = \(\frac{1}{R_1} + \frac{1}{R_2}+\frac{1}{R_3}+\frac{1}{R_4}+\frac{1}{R_5}\) 

\(\frac{1}{R'}\) = \(\frac{1}{R/5}+\frac{1}{R/5}+\frac{1}{R/5}+\frac{1}{R/5}+\frac{1}{R/5}\) 

∴\(\frac{1}{R'}\)  = \(\frac{25}{R}\) 

∴\(\frac{R}{R'}\) = 25

Three surfaces for Painting are: 

•  Paper 
• Canvas 
• Wall

Usually paper is preferred as it is easily available everywhere at affordable cost

This is an ‘Evaluation based’ and short answer type question, which may be answered on the basis of the fundamentals of Painting (Elements and Principles) of Ajanta ‘Padmapani-Bodhisattava’ or the ‘Ashokan Lion Capital’ from Mauryan Period.

Here, P = 1 kW = 1000 W 

V = 220 V 

∴Current, I = \(\frac{P}{V}\) = \(\frac{1000}{220}\) = 4.5 A

Hence, to tolerate a current of 4.5 A, minimum of 5 A current rating fuse should be used.

(i) (d) 

(ii) (d) 

(iii) (d) 

(iv) (b) 

(v) (c) 

(vi) (b)

Elements of the following may be mentioned: 

(1) Space 

(2) Line 

(3) Shape 

(4) Form 

(5) Colour

(6) Toneand Texture

Principles of the following may be mentioned:

(1) Unity 

(2) Harmony 

(3) Balance 

(4) Rhythm 

(5) Emphasis or Dominance 

(6) Proportion

Answer: team responsibilities  

Processes are actions that individuals, groups, and organizations engage in as a result of inputs and that lead to certain outcomes. At the organizational level, human resource management and change of practices are examples of processes.

(i) (c) 

(ii) (c)

(iii) (a) 

(iv) (d) 

(v) (b)

Knowledge-based sectors

(8³)⁴ = 8^3x4

= 8¹²

∴ (8³)⁴ = = 8¹²

(i) C. Rs 35 cr 

(ii) A. Rs. 38 cr

(iii) C. Rs. 11 cr

(iv) A. return on assets

(v) A. revenue expenditure-revenue receipts

(vi) A. high revenue expenditure

(i) C. to protect them from predatory lending and debt traps

(ii) C a culture of deposit mobilisation

(iii) C. A and R are true and R explains A.

(iv) B. their level of average income

(v) B. If repayment rate is low, banks would be reluctant to sanction fresh loans.

(vi) D. enabling credit access for the rural poor

There is no universally acceptable list of the functions of management. Various persons have classified the resources in different ways. However, the following heads of functions are generally acceptable:

• Planning
• Organizing
• Staffing
• Directing
• Controlling

Planning:
Planning is the most important function of management. It involves the managers to think before they can act or take any decisions. It recognizes the ability of a manager not to take any haste decisions or anticipate the plans of the future keeping in mind the theory of probability.

Organization:

Once the plans are formulated, a network of authority-responsibility relationships is developed through which the managers can implement the plans.

Directing
Directing is concerned with the execution of the plans through organized action. It is also called the commanding and actuating. It is that part of the management process which actuates the members of the organization to work efficiently and effectively for the attainment of the desired objectives.

Controlling:
Controlling is the process of measuring performance, comparing it with the defined objectives and standards that are widely acceptable and taking reform measures when everything goes out of order.

Business research is a process of acquiring detailed information of all the areas of business and using such information in maximizing the sales and profit of the business. Such a study helps companies determine which product/service is most profitable or in demand.

There is no universally acceptable list of the functions of management. Various persons have classified the resources in different ways. However, the following heads of functions are generally acceptable:

• Planning
• Organizing
• Staffing
• Directing
• Controlling

Planning:
Planning is the most important function of management. It involves the managers to think before they can act or take any decisions. It recognizes the ability of a manager not to take any haste decisions or anticipate the plans of the future keeping in mind the theory of probability.

Organization:

Once the plans are formulated, a network of authority-responsibility relationships is developed through which the managers can implement the plans.

Directing
Directing is concerned with the execution of the plans through organized action. It is also called the commanding and actuating. It is that part of the management process which actuates the members of the organization to work efficiently and effectively for the attainment of the desired objectives.

Controlling:
Controlling is the process of measuring performance, comparing it with the defined objectives and standards that are widely acceptable and taking reform measures when everything goes out of order.