Explore topic-wise InterviewSolutions in Current Affairs.

a. src: It defines the address of the external file which can be absolute or relative URL .

b. type: Define the MIME-type of the script. 

c. charset: Define the character encoding of the external JavaScript file.

Correct answer is Dreamweaver

The five elements of nature – Prithvi (Earth), Agni (Fire), Jal (Water), Vaayu (Air), Aakash (Space)

a. s= x + y 

b. Math.sqrt(x) 

c. typeof(n)

a. Smudge tool is used for smearing color pixels on a selected layer. Smudging is used to soften color transitions, make the image blurry, hide objects, and to create textures. smudge 

b. Handle Transformation Tool: This tool allows you to apply moving, rotating, shearing, perspective and scaling corrections using handles placed on canvas. 

c. Color Picker Tool is used to select a color from an image opened on the screen, by clicking on the particular color of the image 

d. Distort Filter Emboss : It simulates embossing on the image. It sets azimuth (lighting component), elevation and depth of an image using option settings.

Two selection tools in GIMP are :

Rectangle: It selects square or rectangular regions.

Ellipse: It selects cir cular or elliptical regions.

Dietician, Interior designer and  Beautician works are possible in both the areas & self-employment and wage employment.      

Primitive Tribal Groups live in forest and hills are highly vulnerable to hunger/starvation, malnutrition and ill-health. Appropriate programme flexibility should be adopted by the State Governments to reach the benefit of MGNREGS to them.

Individual farmer’s land that is to be developed under Mahatma Gandhi NREGA should be treated as a project with the following conditions.

• The individual land owner shall be a job card holder and also work in the project and the proposed activity should be part of annual shelf of projects. 
• All projects to be executed under MGNREGA have to be approved by Gram Sabha. 
• No contractor shall be involved in the execution of work. 
• No labour displacing machinery shall be used in the execution of work.
• No labour displacing machinery shall be purchased / hired.

DPC may estimate the number of nomadic tribes in the district and authorise the POs to issue special job cards, which will be honoured in any Gram Panchayat in the district. The nomadic tribes can take up work in any Gram Panchayat. Bank accounts should be opened for the nomadic tribes in a bank with core banking facility and an ATM/Debit Card.

The following are the exclusive measures for the promotion of the participation of the disabled persons: 

- Identification of suitable works 

- Mobilisation of disabled persons by focussing on awareness and special provisions 

- Specifically identified works for disabled persons in the case of large GPs 

- Preference to appoint as mates and as workers for providing drinking water, to manage crèches etc., at the worksites 

- Adoption of tools and equipment/facilities at work places 

- Treating persons with disabilities with respect 

- Special drive to ensure 100 days of employment to such households 

- Provide special job card of a distinct colour

The works which are not included in the list of permissible works and works which are non-tangible, not measurable, non-quantifiable, repetitive such as removing grass, pebbles, agricultural operation are not permitted.

Yes, individual farmer’s land can be developed under Mahatma Gandhi NREGS.Works creating individual assets shall be prioritised on land or homestead owned by households belonging to the:

(a) Scheduled Castes 

(b) Scheduled Tribes 

(c) nomadic tribes 

(d) denotified tribes 

(e) other families below the poverty line 

(f) women-headed households 

(g) physically handicapped headed households 

(h) beneficiaries of land reforms 

(i) the beneficiaries under the Indira Awaas Yojana 

(j) beneficiaries under the Scheduled Tribes and Other Traditional Forest Dwellers (Recognition of Forest Rights) Act, 2006 (2 of 2007) and,

After exhausting the eligible beneficiaries under the above categories, on lands of the small or marginal farmers as defined in the Agriculture Debt Waiver and Debt Relief Scheme, 2008 subject to the condition that such households shall have a job card with at least one member willing to work on the project undertaken on their land or homestead.

Yes, the State Government may by notification make rules to carry out the provisions of Act subject to the conditions of consistency with Mahatma Gandhi NREGA and rules made by the Central Government [(Section 32(1)].

The four work guidelines to be adopted:

i. Only those works can be taken up which result in creation of durable assets and strengthen livelihood resources of the rural poor. 

ii. As per Para 4(2), Schedule I, the order of priority of works shall be determined by each Gram Panchayat in the meetings of the Gram Sabha keeping in view potential of the local area, its needs, local resources. 

iii. The 60:40 ratio for wage and material costs should be maintained at GP level for all works to be taken up by GP and for works to be taken up by agencies other than GP, it should be maintained at the Block/ Intermediate Panchayat level. 

iv. As far as practicable, works executed by the programme implementation agencies shall be performed by using manual labour and no labour displacing machines shall be used (Para 22, Schedule I).

Para 4(1), Schedule I provides provision for the following works under MGNREGA:

Category: A: Public Works Relating to Natural Resources Management -

(i) Water conservation and water harvesting structures to augment and improve groundwater like underground dykes, earthen dams, stop dams, check dams with special focus on recharging groundwater including drinking water sources; 

(ii) Watershed management works such as contour trenches, terracing, contour bunds, boulder checks, gabion structures and springshed development resulting in a comprehensive treatment of a watershed; 

(iii) Micro and minor irrigation works and creation, renovation and maintenance of irrigation canals and drains; 

(iv) Renovation of traditional water bodies including desilting of irrigation tanks and other water bodies; 

(v) Afforestation, tree plantation and horticulture in common and forest lands, road margins, canal bunds, tank foreshores and coastal belts duly providing right to usufruct to the households covered in Paragraph 5; and 

(vi) Land development works in common land.

II. Category B : Individual Assets for Vulnerable Sections (Only for Households in Paragraph 5 of Schedule I) 

(i) Improving productivity of lands of households specified in Paragraph5 through land development and by providing suitable infrastructure for irrigation including dug wells, farm ponds and other water harvesting structures; 

(ii) Improving livelihoods through horticulture, sericulture, plantation, and farm forestry; 

(iii) Development of fallow or wastelands of households defined in Paragraph 5 of the Schedule I to bring it under cultivation;

(iv) Unskilled wage component in construction of houses sanctioned under the Indira Awaas Yojana or such other State or Central Government Scheme; 

(v) Creating infrastructure for promotion of livestock such as, poultry shelter, goat shelter, piggery shelter, cattle shelter and fodder troughs for cattle; and 

(vi) Creating infrastructure for promotion of fisheries such as, fish drying yards, storage facilities, and promotion of fisheries in seasonal water bodies on public land;

III. Category C: Common Infrastructure for NRLM Compliant Self-Help Groups 

(i) Works for promoting agricultural productivity by creating durable infrastructure required for bio-fertilisers and post-harvest facilities including pucca storage facilities for agricultural produce; and 

(ii) Common worksheds for livelihood activities of self-help groups.

IV. Category D: Rural Infrastructure 

(i) Rural sanitation related works, such as, individual household latrines, school toilet units, Anganwadi toilets either independently or in convergence with schemes of other Government Departments to achieve ‘open defecation free’ status. and solid and liquid waste management as per prescribed norms; 

(ii) Providing all-weather rural road connectivity to unconnected villages and to connect identified rural production centres to the existing pucca road network; and construction of pucca internal roads or streets including side drains and culverts within a village; 

(iii) Construction of play fields; 

(iv) Works for improving disaster preparedness or restoration of roads or restoration of other essential public infrastructure including flood control and protection works, providing drainage in water-logged areas, deepening and repairing of flood channels, chaur renovation, construction of storm water drains for coastal protection; 

(v) Construction of buildings for Gram Panchayats, women self-help groups’ federations, cyclone shelters, anganwadi centres, village haats and crematoria at the village or block level; 

(vi) Construction of Food Grain Storage Structures for implementing the provisions of The National Food Security Act 2013 (20 of 2013); 

(vii) Production of building material required for construction works under the Act.

(viii) Maintenance of rural public assets created under the Act; and 

(ix) Any other work which may be notified by the Central Government in consultation with the State Government in this regard.

The Gram Sabha identifies, prioritises and recommends the works that are permissible under MGNREGA. The Gram Panchayat should consolidate and send the recommendations of Gram Sabha to the Programme Officer. (Section 16 of the Act).

• Panchayti Raj Act, 1994 ,8A. Gram Sabha and its meetings.- (1) There shall be a Gram Sabha for each Panchayat Circle consisting of the persons registered in the electoral rolls relating to the village or the group of villages comprised within the area of the Panchayat.
• (2) There shall be at least two meetings of the Gram Sabha every year, one in the first and the other in the last quarter of the financial year

Following factors should be considered before deciding the nature of feed for cattle:

(i) Food requirements of dairy animals are of two types:
    (a) Maintenance requirement Food required to support the animal to live a healthy life.
    (b) Milk producing requirement Food type required during lactation period.

(ii) Animal feed includes
    (a) Roughage Largely fibrous.
    (b) Concentrates High levels of proteins and other nutrients.

(iii) The food requirements of cattles are different for every age and type of work they do.

(iv) Along with the ration, some feed additives can also be given to add micronutrients. It helps to promote the health and milk output of dairy animals.

Correct option (B) Jawaharlal Nehru

Explanation:

Jawaharlal Nehru proudly proclaimed the dams as the “Temples of Modern India”

The correct answer is ​1, 2 and 3.

Desert landscape exists in following types:

• Rocky
• Stony
• Sandy deserts.

• Stony desert is composed of pebbles and gravels which winds are not able to blow off. 
• Winds that deposit vast stretches of undulating sand dunes are called Sandy desert. 
• Hamada is known as rocky desert in Sahara.

1. Inundation canals :- taken out direct 1 from ivers without making any barrage or dam. 

2. Perennial canals :- which are taken Out from the reservoirs by constructing barrage.

• It involves collection and storage of rain water at surface or in Sub-surface aquifer before it is lost as surface run off. 
• It is not only increase water availability but also check the declining water table.

Correct option is: (A) Informal

1. a. Why should tobacco be banned urgently 

2. c. It will lead to confusion and errors 

3. b. Recognition to the organization

4. a. A concrete evidence to support her argument 

5. c. Display your skill in presentation 

6. a. Persuasive 

7. b. Expecting the editor to aware the people 

1. a. Comparison, analysis and conclusion of the topic 

2. d. Needs improved mindset of people about sport reg 

3. b. Highly respectable language 

4. d. Too beating about the bush attitude

5. c. His projecting the situation with suggestions and further improvement 

6. d. Format, content, expression, presentation 

7. b. Complementary note, signature, name of the writer 

1. c. Global issue 

2. b. People falling in the vicious circle of terrorism 

3. c. Individual to attract the attention of readers towards the problem. 

4. a. Understanding and delving deep into the root cause of problem 

5. b. Individual to attract the attention of readers towards the problem. 

6. d. I am sure you will aware the readers about the problem by publishing it.

7. a. Format- clarity of expression- fluency- relevance 

(d) Kick fist martial art

Political parties are the most visible institutions in a democracy.
A political party is constituted by a group of people who contest elections and compete against each other to win the political power and rule the government.

1. Rajya Sabha is a permanent body and is not subject to dissolution. However, one third of the members retire every second year, and are replaced by newly elected members. Each member is elected for a term of six years. The Vice President of India is the ex-officio Chairman of Rajya Sabha.

2. The Prime Minister is elected by the Members of Parliament. Out of 545 seats in Lok Sabha, any party who wins a majority of seats choose their leader to be the head of the Government. Article 75 of the Constitution provides that the Prime Minister shall be appointed by the President but the President has to appoint the leader of the majority party in Lok Sabha as the Prime Minister. But when no party has a clear majority in the Lok Sabha the President can exercise his personal discretion in the appointment of Prime Minister.

3. In 1852 Dalhousie introduced the Electric Telegraph System in India. The first telegraph line from Calcutta to Agra was opened in 1854, covering a distance of 800 miles.

4.  A quorum is a minimum level of interest or attendance required before an official meeting or action can take place. A quorum could be a simple 51% majority or some more specific or complex arrangement.

5.  238 members of Rajya Sabha are elected by the members of State legislatures and 12 members are nominated by the President of India. The nominated members are the persons who have distinguished themselves in the field of Art, Literature, and Science & Social service.

6.  Senior ministers, called 'cabinet ministers',

7.  The Moderates made the following demands in the administrative sphere: Demand for simultaneous Indian Civil Service examinations in England and India. Complete separation of the executive and the judiciary. They made this demand to protect Indians from arbitrary acts by the police and the bureaucracy.

8. Sir Surendranath Banerjea

9. Rajya Sabha (Council of States) or the upper house is a permanent body not subject to dissolution. One third of the members retire every second year, and are replaced by newly elected members.

10  The Vice President of India is the ex-officio Chairman of Rajya Sabha. The House also elects a Deputy Chairman from among its members.

11. Tilak

12. Ram Nath Kovind since 25 July 2017

13. An ordinance will expire after 6 weeks once both houses of the Parliament are in session. It is compulsory for a session of Parliament to be held within six months (as per Article 85). Therefore, the maximum validity of an ordinance is 6 months and 6 weeks.

15.  Lord Lytton

16.  Poverty and Unbritish Rule in India

17. 30 December 1906, Dhaka, Bangladesh

18. Anandamath

19. Shri Narendra Modi took oath as the Prime Minister of India, marking the start of his second term as the PM. The Hon'ble President, Shri Ram Nath Kovind administered the oath at the forecourt of the Rashtrapati Bhavan.

20. The Indian Rajya Sabha (upper house of parliament) is indirectly elected, largely by state legislatures; Manmohan Singh was a member of the Rajya Sabha but chosen by the majority party in the Lok Sabha (lower house of parliament)

(21) Lok Sabha

(22) Partition of Bengal(1905), division of Bengal carried out by the British viceroy in India, Lord Curzon, despite strong Indian nationalist opposition. It began a transformation of the Indian National Congress from a middle-class pressure group into a nationwide mass movement.

Hyderabad, Jaisalmer and Prague

J.B.Kripalani

Dadasaheb Phalke

Correct answer is Hajipur

Correct answer is (ii) T. Prakasam

• Popular struggles like Vaikom Satyagraha and Guruvayur Satyagraha were instrumental for the Temple Entry Proclamation. Following these struggles for achieving the freedom of worship, the Maharaja of Travancore Sri Chithira Thirunal Balarama Varma issued the famous Temple Entry Proclamation on November 12, 1936. 
• As per the proclamation, all the Hindus were allowed to enter the temples in Travancore.

Kalaripayattu

• Break the Salt Law 
• Picketing of liquor shops 
• Boycotting foreign goods 
• Popularising the use of Khadi

• Velu Thampi, the Dewan of Travancore and Paliath Achan, the Dewan of Kochi reacted against the uncontrolled intervention of British Resident in their internal affairs. 
• Velu Thampi sought the support of the people and called for armed fight against the British through the Kundara Proclamation issued on 11 January 1809. 
• The combined army of Travancore and Kochi attacked the official residence of the British Resident Macaulay. 
• The British army suppressed the revolt raised by Veluthampi and Paliath Achan. 
• Veluthampi committed suicide at Mannadi Temple. The British deported Paliyath Achan to Madras.

The uncontrolled intervention of the British in the internal affairs of Travancore and Kochi made the Diwan of Travancore Velu Thampi and of Kochi Paliyath Achan the enemies of the British.

• Swadeshabhimani Ramakrishna Pillai was a famous journalist in Travancore and the editor of the newspaper Swadeshabhimani. , 
• He criticised the policies of Dewan P.Rajagopalachari of Travancore through his newspaper. The Dewan took notice of the article and was enraged. Finally Ramakrishna Pillai was deported to Madras by a Royal Proclamation in 1910.

Kundara Proclamation

I – iii 

II – i 

III – ii

The Portuguese were the first European team arrived in Kerala. They came to Kozhikode in 1498 and wanted Samoothiri to exclude the Arab traders. As Samoothiri denied this demand, they shifted to Kochi. The Dutch team arrived and expected the Portuguese from Kerala in 1663. The Dutch were defeated by Marthanda Varma in 1741 in Kulachil war. Another European power France was also defeated by the English force in the Karnatic war. All these European powers came to Kerala to enrich their trade relation. However, only the English could withstand. Finally, the trade monopoly came to the hand of the English force.

• Trade laws that existed in Malabar, Kochi, and Travancore were amended by the British in favor of them.
• Introduced unified coinage and metrology system.
• Built roads, railways and bridges to improve transport facilities. 
• Developed the ports of Kochi, Kozhikode, and Alappuzha.

Arabs, Chinese

(a) Warm current    

(b) Pacific Ocean

(c ) Warm current   

(d) Atlantic Ocean