Explore topic-wise InterviewSolutions in Current Affairs.

Movement 

Points: • a collective action, people’s active participation is expected 

• a movement can be formed when people come together in interest of  particular issue 

• it has a particular social objective or a focused problem. 

• movements have a leadership, organisations and public support.

This statement is true. Because - 

- One or more people unite for solving social problems and start social movement.

- Workers in the movement provide information about social problems to the Government.

This statement is true. Because -

• brought water revolution in Rajasthan. 

• build thousands of ‘Johad’ in Rajasthan - revived rivers. 

• all India level campaign for water conservation, revival of rivers, forest conservation and wild life conservation.

National Parties 

Points: - Political party, that is active on national level has to follow following conditions prescribed by the Election Commission. 

 - Minimum 6% of valid votes in four or more states in earlier Loksabha or State Assembly and minimum 4 members to be elected in Loksabha from any State or states in earlier elections. 

- The condidates of a party should be elected from minimum 2% constituencies out of total Loksabha constituencies and from minimum 3 states.

Right to information 

Points: - Citizen empowerment is essential condition of democracy.

- Increased communication between citizen and the Government helps in strengthening democracy and in building a relationship of trust between them. 

- It increases transperancy and accountability of governance. 

- It has made the government more transparent and reduced the element of secracy. 

- It has strengthened the citizen and democracy.

This statement is False. Because - 

• majority opinion has a lot of importance in democracy 

• political parties securing majority of vote come to power 

• the parliament takes all decisions on democracy

This statement is true. Because - 

• citizen empowerment 

• increasing people’s participation 

• it ensure transparency and accountability 

• it has made government more transparent and has reduced the element of secrecy

Journey from ballot boxes to EVM machines 

Points: - first election in India - 1951-52 : ballot boxes were used.

- use of EVM machines started in decade of 1990s.

- easy for Divyanga to vote - environmental conservation 

- early declaration of election results

State your opinion on Indian citizen should have right to employment. 

Points: • In process of democratisation many reforms were introduced and citizen were looked upon as stakeholders. 

• reforms is citizen’s right. 

• If everyone gets mean of employment, the country will progress. 

• Thus, I think that citizen in India should have the right to employment.

1. 73rd and 74th amendment to the India Constitution is important attempt towards Decentralisation of Democracy. 

2. Constituencies are created by Delimitation committee of the Election Commission. 

3. The party based on the communist ideology is Communist Party of India. 

4. Increased participation of criminals in political process is serious problem for democratic system. 

Election Commissioner 

Points: • Establishment of Election Commissioner 

• posts 

• appointments 

• security

Points: • by arranging rallies to awaken the voters 

• by interacting with the voters 

• through the medium of street play

Social Justice 

Points: • Concept of equality 

• Equal opportunities for everyone 

Transparancy in Political Process 

Points: • strict punishments to criminals 

• restriction in entry in political to criminals 

• controlling corruption 

• cotrolling ill practices in elections

Coalition is an act of coalescing or uniting into one body or a union of parties. When different political forces join together,coalition is formed. Coalition politics is a system of governance of a group of political parties or by several political parties.

Merits of coalition are as follows:

It provides broader representation to the people as big and small parties join hands in the governance. It also enables them to have a share in policy making and eliminates regional disparities.

1. It provides an opportunity for the creation of consensus based politics which represents the public opinion in national politics, issues and programmes. As M.A. Jinnah said a coalition is a device to provide a fair share to the minority. 

2. Coalition takes care of diversity and plurality in administration. 

3. By feeling the pulse of people, it provides good governance. 

4. The presence of various political parties provides broader choice for the people to elect. 

5. Coalition does not allow the autocratic rule of a single dominant party. Ministers or members of Cabinet including Prime Minister cannot behave autocratically.

Television is the most popular medium. 

Points: - audio-visual media 

- entertainment 

- world events can be seen (direct telecast) 

- it focuses social problems, educational and economic discussions, political events, movies, sports etc.

- documentaries - easy availability and affordable.

Points: • to platform public opinion and grievances and take them to government offices and local government/administration 

• ruling parties - support to government policies through political parties 

• communicating Government schemes through brochures, booklets, news papers 

• opposing parties - platforming people’s discontent in constitutional way.

Points: - political party acts as link between government and people. 

- achieving power through elections.

- every political party pursue specific ideology 

- political parties prepare their party’s agenda on the basis of party ideology. 

- the political party which gets majority in election, forms the government. The parties which do not get majority, act as opposition parties.

TO ACHIEVE POWER:

(a)to achieve power through election is the main objective of political parties.

(b) different political parties compete with each other to get power.

TO PURSUE AND IDEOLOGY:

(a)the policies and thoughts of political parties are called ideology.

(b)the parties get support from the society based on thier ideologies.This social support is called 'mass base'of political parties.

TO HAVE A PARTY AGENDA:

(a)on the basis of ideology, political parties prepare party agenda.

(b)they implement thier agenda after they get political power.

TO ESTABLISH A GOVERNMENT:

(a)political parties establish government and govern the nation.

(b)the political party which gets majority in Election forms the governmen.

LINK BETWEEN THE GOVERNMENT AND THE PEOPLE:

(a) political party works as a link between the people and the governmen.

(b) political party communicates the demand and complains of the people to the government.

(c) Government tries to get the support of the people for its politicals and programmes through a political party.

Functions:

1. Preparation of election manifesto: The election agenda is arranged through a manifesto. Its main intention is capturing power with popular support. It reflects the ideological commitments of the party, which include voter’s requirements like good governance through infrastructure development.

2. Selection of the candidate: The selection of the best candidate is made on the basis of popularity, acceptability, and responsiveness to the grievances of people. Usually, all parties prepare a list of such candidates, to win the elections.

3. Political education and awareness: Political parties impart political education to the people and make them realize their responsibilities. The ideologies along with the previous achievements are highlighted to attract the voters during electioneering. Through this, voters compare and contrast and decide their future course of action. Thus, the people have an opportunity to get political education and awareness about national and regional issues.

4. To contest elections: Through proper filing of nominations and getting ‘B form’, it is ascertained that the candidature is official. It is filed in the respective offices of the Returning officers of the concerned constitutencies.

5. Election campaign: The candidates who are in the fray are supported by their parties in all possible ways. Provision for election expenses, using public platform by speeches from the leaders of parties, and through electronic and mass media to win the election.

6. Formation of the government: After the declaration of the results, the party which secures majority will form the government. The administration is carried on within the constitutional framework along with implementing the assurances mentioned in the manifesto at the time of elections. At the same time, it maintains discipline within the party by imposing party norms.

7. Acts as opposition party: The political parties which fail to secure majority in the election, act as opposition parties. They apply the brake to the unconstitutional decisions and policies of the ruling party and help to streamline the administration. The opposition party is always ready to step into the shoes of the ruling party by highlighting the wrongdoings in the administration. It acts as the‘watch dog’ of democracy.

8. Formation of Public opinion: The political party acts as the best agency in formulating the public opinion. The achievements of the ruling party are published and highlighted through media and public platforms. Opposition parties organize rallies, conduct road shows and seminars to expose the failures of ruling party. Such activities of the parties enlighten the masses and lead to the formation of healthy public opinion.

9. Bridge between the government and the people: Political parties act as bridge between the government and the people. The leaders of the parties try to reach the people through policies and programmes. They draw attention of the government towards the problems of the people and get remedies.

10. Promotes the National Interest: It is the task of all the political parties to protect the unity and integrity of the nation. Whenever there is threat from internal violence and external aggression the parties have to unite themselves keeping aside their ideological and parochial differences.

10 members are in security council .

Points: • equal opportunity to every one in process of decision making in democracy. 

• efforts by courts to make political process more and more transparent 

• efforts on personal and social level.

• increasing people’s participation at Government level.

Points: - environmental degradation is a serious problem at national and international level.

- to stop deterioration of environment and attain sustainable development, many world environmental conferences were held at Paris, Rio etc.

- in India, many movements are working on different aspects of environment. 

- environmental movements are taking up issues like protection of bio-diversity, protection of different sources of water protection of forest, green belt, pollution of rivers, use of chemicals and their effects etc.

- example : Chipko, Namami Gange etc.

15 Justice are in ternational court of justice.

Points: - increase in participation of people at all levels.

- in democractic government, everyone’s opinion should be considered and all religious, linguistic, ethnic and caste groups should get equal opportunity to participate in decision making. 

- to make political process transparent and avoid criminalisation of politics. 

- not only government, but everyone at social and individual level should make conscious efforts towards it. 

- Create economic and social democracy alongwith political democracy.

As per the traditional security perspective three choices available to a state when its security is threatened as follows: 

a) Work to prevent any invasion through a ‘Policy of Deterrence’ 

b) To defend its territory when attacked. A ‘Policy of Defence’ is a step that can be taken in advance for such a situation. The aim of this policy is to limit the war or to end it as soon as possible. 

c) The third choice is to surrender.

Moaldiv is most harmed from Global warming.

Shimla Agreement of 1972 in signed by Indira Gandhi.

(d) All of these

Amnesty Internation is related to Security of Human right

National conference was ‘Dalit Panther formed in Maharashtra.

The first sitting of world social forum was organised in Brazil .

World’s hature due to Globalisation is Global village .

(b) Opposition to Neo-Liberal Globalisation 

(a) Presidential Government

(b) French revolution

(a)   Britain.

The Constitution of India borrowed the scheme of Indian Federation from the Constitution of Canada.

(d) A Federal Supreme Court to interpret the Constitution 

(a) British Monarch 

The Indian Constitution closely follows the constitutional system of UK.

The correct answer is 4.

• 4 Indian states share a border with Bhutan.

• Bhutan shares borders with the Indian states of
  • Arunachal Pradesh in its east,
  • Sikkim in the west and
  • Assam, West Bengal in the south.
• The Himalayan kingdom also shares a border with Nepal and China.
• This Bhutan-India Border is the international boundary between the Kingdom of Bhutan and the Republic of India.
• This border is 699 km long, 

The correct option: (d) 3 2 4 1

(a) Judicial review – British practice

The correct answer is Jatropha.

Biodiesel:

• Biodiesel is an alternative fuel similar to conventional or ‘fossil’ diesel.
• Biodiesel is a vegetable oil or animal fat-based diesel fuel. It is used in diesel engines in place of conventional diesel fuel.
• Biodiesel can be produced from straight vegetable oil, animal oil/fats, tallow, and waste cooking oil.

Explanation:

• The process used to convert these oils to Biodiesel is called transesterification.

• Jatropha is a Flowering plant. Its stems are used for basket making and Oil from Jatropha is converted into biodiesel.
• While Malaysia uses Palm Oil, the US uses Soyabean and European nations use sunflower seeds for the production of biodiesel, the Indian government preferred to use the Jatropha plant for the production of biodiesel.

(d) Provisions concerning the suspension of fundamental rights during National Emergency

Explanation:

• Biosphere reserves are areas of terrestrial and coastal ecosystems which are internationally recognised within the framework of UNESCO's 'Man and Biosphere (MAB) Programme'.
• These reserves are required to meet a minimal set of criteria and adhere to a minimal set of conditions before being admitted to the World Network of Biosphere Reserves designated by the UNESCO.
• The main objectives of biosphere reserves are-
  • To conserve biological and cultural diversity and integrity of plants, animals, birds, reptiles, micro-organisms and unique features of pristine nature.
  • To promote research on ecological conservation and other environmental aspects.
  • To provide facilities for education, research, awareness, and training.
  • The biosphere reserve is the protected part of the land covered with forests.
  • It is meant for the conservation of wildlife, biodiversity and traditional lifestyle of tribals.
• There are currently 714 biosphere reserves in 129 countries, including 21 transboundary sites, that belong to the World Network of Biosphere Reserves.
• The Biosphere Reserves Programme was initiated in India in 1986.
• The structure of Biosphere Reserve- Core Areas, Buffer Zone, and Transition Zone.

• There are18 biosphere reserves in India:-
  • Cold Desert, Himachal Pradesh
  • Nanda Devi, Uttrakhand
  • Khangchendzonga, Sikkim
  • Dehang-Debang, Arunachal Pradesh
  • Manas, Assam
  • Dibru-Saikhowa, Assam
  • Nokrek, Meghalaya
  • Panna, Madhya Pradesh
  • Pachmarhi, Madhya Pradesh
  • Achanakmar-Amarkantak, Madhya Pradesh-Chhattisgarh
  • Kachchh, Gujarat
  • Similipal, Odisha
  • Sundarban, West Bengal
  • Seshachalam, Andhra Pradesh
  • Agasthyamala, Karnataka-Tamil Nadu-Kerala
  • Nilgiri, Tamil Nadu-Kerala 
  • Gulf of Mannar, Tamil Nadu
  • Great Nicobar, Andaman & Nicobar Island

The correct answer is Third.

• Maharashtra is the third largest state in terms of area.
• The total area of Maharashtra is 307,713 km².
• Rajasthan is the largest state in India in terms of area which covers 342,239 km2 of land area. 
• Rajasthan is followed by Madhya Pradesh. 

• Maharashtra is the richest state of India.
• Maharashtra is bigger than the United Kingdom.
• The literacy rate of Maharashtra is 82.34 %.
• The Sex Ratio of Maharashtra is 929.
• In terms of population, Maharashtra is third in India.
• Uttar Pradesh is the most populous state of India.

The correct answer is Director General of Police.

• The highest authority of any state in the police is DGP ( Director General Of Police ).
• In India, the Director-General of Police (DGP) is a three-star rank and the highest-ranking police officer in Indian States and Union Territories. 
• Each range or zone is headed by an officer in the rank of Additional DGP or Inspector General of Police.
• The Commissioner of Police is empowered with the powers of an executive magistrate and functions as such.

• DGP of Maharashtra -  Rajnish Seth
• Governor of Maharashtra - Bhagat Singh Koshyari
• Chief Minister of Maharashtra - Uddhav Thakeray
• The first female Governor of Maharashtra - Vijayalakshmi Pandit

The correct answer is Gadchiroli.

• Gadchiroli has become the Red bastion in Maharashtra
• Whereas Chandrapur, Gondiya, Yavatmal, Bhandara, and Nanded districts are declared "Naxal prone areas".
• All these districts are situated adjoining the Naxal-infested regions of Andhra Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, and Madhya Pradesh.
• As many as nine Indian states are bearing the brunt of Naxalism.
• The red corridor region is demarcated by the union government to notify the districts which are affected by left-wing extremism.

Some useful information about Maharashtra:

• Chief Minister - Uddav Thackeray 
• Governor - Bhagat Singh Koshyari
• Formed on - 1 May 1960
• Districts - 36
• National Parks of Maharashtra -Sanjay Gandhi (Borivilli) National Park, Chandoli National Park, Gugamal National Park.
• Folk Dance of Maharashtra - Koli Dance, Lavani Dance, Povadas Dance, Tamasha, etc.
• The highest point of Maharashtra - Kalsubai

Correct option is: B. virtual, erect and smaller than the object