Explore topic-wise InterviewSolutions in Current Affairs.

If uncertainty Δx in the position is along x-axis then uncertainty in the position of momentum will also be measured along x-axis.

Key Points:

• The uncertainty principle also applies for the same axis of position and momentum.
• Like if Δx is along the y axis then Δp also must be along the same y axis.
• The uncertainty principle also does not have any limitation for measuring instrument.

Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle Formula

The mathematical expression for the Heisenberg's uncertainty principle

Δ p. Δ x ∝ h/4p

By using the above equation, the calculated value of Δ p is the minimum value of Δ p for any particular value of Δ x. Similar the calculated value of Δ x also shows the minimum value of Δ x for any specific value of Δ p.

As Δp = m. Δ v, 
So the equation becomes (m. Δ v). Δ x π h/4p
Or
(Δ v)(Δ x) ∝ h/4pm

Carbylamine reaction-

When primary amine is heated with caustis potash and chloroform then it is found isocyanide which is called carbylamine reaction.

RNH₂ + CHCl₃ + 3KOH → RNC + 3KCl + 3H₂O

C₂H₅NH₂ + CHCl₃ + 3KOH → C₂H₅NC + 3KCl + 3H₂O

One pair electron is present on nitrogen atom in aniline which is overlaped with π-electron in the ring. So, nitrogen atom is positive changed or there is lack of electrons and it is not in the state that it can give paired electron to acid in comparison with methyl amine, due to this reason there is no overlapping. So, aniline is a weak base than methyl amine.

She implores night to come soon and along with it bring her Romeo. Once she gets her Romeo she does not frar daath.

(c) [CU(NH₃)₄]²⁺ 

Boiling point of ether is less than alcohol. There is no co-operation between the molecules of alcohol because hydrogen bond is present in it. There is no hydrogen bond between the molecules of ether.

The Americans were good people and when they found that Don Anselmo owned more than eight acres of land, they offered to pay double the price they had quoted earlier. 

Cobalt is present in Vitamin B₁₂

Phenol is a weak acid. It has acidic property because it give phenoxide ion is the solution.

C₆H₅OH + H₂O C₆H₅O^- + H₃O^-

Negative sign dispersed on the whole benzene ring. This charge give stability to the phenoxide ion. Due to this, it is acidic.

Alcohol is less acidic than phenol, because +1 effect is present on alkyl radical in alcohol.

(d) HClO < HClO₂ < HClO₃ < HClO₄

Answer is (d) BN

Uniform circular motion, motion of a particle moving at a constant speed on a circle. In the Figure, the velocity vector v of the particle is constant in magnitude, but it changes in direction by an amount Δv while the particle moves from position B to position C, and the radius R of the circle sweeps out the angle ΔΘ.

In a uniform circular motion (UCM), a particle takes the same time to complete each revolution, a distance equal to the circumference of the circle. Therefore, a UCM is called a periodic motion.

(d) Electromagnetic separation

Difference between absorption and adsorption

CH₃CH₂OH + I₂ + NaOH → CHI₃ + HCOONa + 5HI

Insulin: Insulin is an anabolic hormone which is used for promoting the uptake of glucose, glycogenesis, lipogenesis, and protein synthesis that takes place in the skeletal muscle and fat tissue. This takes place with the help of tyrosine kinase receptor pathway. It is also one of the important factor in the regulation of plasma glucose homeostasis.

Adrenaline: This hormone is secreted by the adrenal glands in the centre of medulla. The main function of adrenaline is to produce contraction of spleen so as to store the blood, increase heart beat and sweating, reducing the blood clotting period, and pupilary dilation.

CHCl₃ + alc.KOH + C₆H₅NH₂ → C₆H₅NC + 3KCl + 3H₂O

Roasting-

It is the process of converting an ore into its metallic oxide by heating strongly at temperature insufficient to melt in excess of air.

4FeS₂ + 11O₂ → 2Fe₂O₃ + 8SO₂

2Cu₂S + 3O₂ → 2Cu₂O + 2SO₂

2ZnS + 3O₂ → 2ZnO + 2SO₂

S + O₂ → SO₂↑

Calcination-

It is the process of converting an ore into its oxide by heating it strongly below its melting point either in absence or limited supply of air.

CaCO₃ → CaO + CO₂

Al₂O₃.2H₂O → Al₂O₃ + 2H₂O

2Al(OH)₃ → Al₂O₃ + 3H₂O

Coupled reactions are those reactions that contain common intermediate and where energy is being transferred from one side to another side of reaction. These reactions are done in the presence of metal catalysts. Metal catalysts are used because metals are a good catalyst as they take away electrons from other molecules. Catalyst is used in chemical reactions because when we add a catalyst in a chemical reaction then without affecting the thermodynamics of the reaction it eventually increases the rate of the reaction.

Bond dissociatio enthalpy should decreases as the bond distance increases from I₂ to I₁ due to this corresponding increase in the size of the atom as we move from F to I. However, the F-F bond dissociation enthalpy is smaller than that of Cl-Cl and even smaller than that of Br-Br. This is due to the reason that the F atom is very small and hence the three lone pairs of electrons on each F atom repel the bond pair holding the F - atoms F₂ molecule.

∴ I₂ < F₂ < Br₂ < Cl₂

HI is more acidic than HF since as we move from top to bottom atomic size increases.

HI is stronger acid than HF—

The bond length between HF is very small and F is more electro-negative element which catches hydrogen tightly and after H⁺ ion is not come out easily after filteration. But bond-length between HI is very big and I is less electro negative than F, due to this reason H⁺ ion comes out easily after filteration.

(i) Metal should form a volatile compound with the reagent. 

(ii) The volatile compound should be easily decomposable to give back pure metal.

Stopping potential is the minimum negative voltage applied to the anode to stop the photocurrent. The maximum kinetic energy of the electrons equal the stopping voltage, when measured in electron volt.

In HI, iodine is less electronegative and it has large size. Therefore, bonding between hydrogen and iodide is weaker. It will easily split in comparision of HF. Due to more liberation of H⁺ ions, HI is stronger acid.

(a) 2- Bromo 3- methyl butane

(b) 4- methyl but 3-eh 2- one

Conductor :-  The solids with conductivities raning from 10⁴ to 10⁷ ohm^-1 m^-1 are called conductors.

Examples are:- Cu, Fe, Ag etc. 

Semiconductor :-  These are the solids with conductivities in the intermediate range from 10^-6  to 10⁴ ohm^-1 m^-1 . 

Examples are:- Ge, si etc

Salt bridge :- Salt bridge is inverted U type glass tube containing the saturated solution of KCl or KNO₃ in agar-agar. It connects the two solutions.

Uses:- 

(i) It completes the cell circuit.

(ii) It prevents the two solutions to mix with each other.

(iii) It is minimising the liquid junction potential.

In ex-situ conservation, threatened animals and plants are taken out from their natural habitat and placed in special setting where they can be protected and given special care. Zoological parks, botanical gardens and wildlife safari parks serve this purpose. There are so many animals that have become extinct in the forest but continue to be maintained in zoological parks. 

In recent years, ex-situ conservation has advanced beyond keeping threatened species in enclosures. Now gametes of threatened species can be preserved in viable and fertile condition for long periods using cryopreservation techniques, eggs can be fertilised in vitro, and plants can be propagated using tissue culture methods. Seeds of different genetic strians of commercially important plants can be kept for long periods in seed banks. 

 Objectives of conservation are as follows:– 

(vii) To maintain equilibrium between biotic and abiotic components of ecosystem. 

(viii) To preserve endangered and rare species. 

(ix) To conserve whole gene pool of all species. 

(x) To use organisms in balanced way for human welfare. 

(xi) To maintain natural balance.

Salt bridge: It is U-shaped glass tube filled with a gelly like substance, again-again mixed with electrolyte like KCl, KNO₃ etc. 

It performs the following functions: 

(i) It prevents voltage drops. 

(ii) It allows flow of current by completing the circuit. 

(iii) It prevents accumulation of charges and maintains the electrical neturalitv of solutions.

Strobilanthus kunthiana  flowers do blossom only one in 12 years.

Mendel’s monohybrid ratio is  3 : 1. 

2, 3-dimethyl butane

Tajmahal located in Agra is in danger SO₂ gas.

Yes sex education necessary in school. 

CH₂OH—CH₂OH (Ethane-1, 2-diol)