100525 + Interview Questions in GENERAL QA IN GENERAL AWARENESS

1.	Correct statements listing characteristics of a particular route of drug administration include all of the following EXCEPT: a) Intravenous administration provides a rapid response b) Intramuscular administration requires a sterile technique c) Inhalation provides slow access to the general circulation d) Subcutaneous administration may cause local irritation
Answer» c) Inhalation provides slow access to the general circulation

Discussion

2.	Most of drugs are distributed homogeneously. a) Trueb) False
Answer» False Most of drugs are distributed homogeneously.

Discussion

3.	What is the reason of complicated penetration of some drugs through brain-blood barrier? a) High lipid solubility of a drug b) Meningitis c) Absence of pores in the brain capillary endothelium d) High endocytosis degree in a brain capillary
Answer» c) Absence of pores in the brain capillary endothelium

Discussion

4.	Half life (t ½) is the time required to: a) Change the amount of a drug in plasma by half during elimination b) Metabolize a half of an introduced drug into the active metabolite c) Absorb a half of an introduced drug d) Bind a half of an introduced drug to plasma proteins
Answer» a) Change the amount of a drug in plasma by half during elimination

Discussion

5.	Elimination is expressed as follows: a) Rate of renal tubular reabsorption b) Clearance speed of some volume of blood from substance c) Time required to decrease the amount of drug in plasma by one-half d) Clearance of an organism from a xenobiotic
Answer» d) Clearance of an organism from a xenobiotic

Discussion

6.	What does the term “bioavailability” mean? a) Plasma protein binding degree of substance b) Permeability through the brain-blood barrier c) Fraction of an uncharged drug reaching the systemic circulation following any route administration d) Amount of a substance in urine relative to the initial doze
Answer» c) Fraction of an uncharged drug reaching the systemic circulation following any route administration

Discussion

7.	The reasons determing bioavailability are: a) Rheological parameters of blood b) Amount of a substance obtained orally and quantity of intakes c) Extent of absorption and hepatic first-pass effect d) Glomerular filtration rate
Answer» c) Extent of absorption and hepatic first-pass effect

Discussion

8.	Tick the drug type for which micro somal oxidation is the most prominent: a) Lipid soluble b) Water soluble c) Low molecular weight d) High molecular weight
Answer» a) Lipid soluble

Discussion

9.	Conjugation is: a) Process of drug reduction by special enzymes b) Process of drug oxidation by special oxidases c) Coupling of a drug with an endogenous substrate d) Solubilization in lipids
Answer» c) Coupling of a drug with an endogenous substrate

Discussion

10.	What does “pharmacokinetics” include? a) Complications of drug therapy b) Drug biotransformation in the organism c) Influence of drugs on metabolism processes d) Influence of drugs on genes
Answer» b) Drug bio transformation in the organism

Discussion

11.	Pick out the right statement: a) Micro somal oxidation always results in inactivation of a compound b) Micro somal oxidation results in a decrease of compound toxicity c) Micro somal oxidation results in an increase of ionization and water solubility of a drug d) Micro somal oxidation results in an increase of lipid solubility of a drug thus its excretion from the organism is facilitated
Answer» c) Micro somal oxidation results in an increase of ionization and water solubility of a drug

Discussion

12.	Pick out the appropriate alimentary route of administration when passage of drugs through liver is minimized: a) Oralb) Transdermal c) Rectal d) Intraduodenal
Answer» (c) Rectal

Discussion

13.	What is to be done in case the pension has not been fixed correctly?
Answer» The Pay & Accounts Officer while issuing the pension authorization will forward one copy of the pension calculation sheet (out of three received by him from the Head of Office) as certified by the Head of Office and countersigned by him (Pay & Accounts Officer) to the pensioner along with the intimation of his having sent the pension payment authority/PPO to the CPAO. In case it is found from the pension calculation sheet that pension has been fixed incorrectly, the matter may be taken-up with the Head of Office. PAO concerned, if necessary, will issue an amendment authority letter to Central Pension Accounting Office for onward transmission to the CPPC to carry out necessary amendments in both halves of PPO.

Discussion

14.	Which bank opened a Lockless branch at Maharashtra to respecting the local customs: a) State Bank of India b) UCO Bank c) Bank of Maharashtra d) None of these
Answer» UCO bank opened a Lockless branch at Maharashtra to respecting the local customs:

Discussion

15.	Urobilinogen is A. A mixture of colourless compounds also known as stercobilinogen. B. Formed in the reticuloendothelial system from bilirubin. C. Converted into the dark pigment, urobilin, on exposure to air. D. Absorbed from the intestine. E. Excreted mainly in the urine.
Answer» A. True It is present in both urine and faeces. B. False It is formed in the intestine. C. True Urine rich in urobilinogen (due to haemolysis) darkens on exposure to light. D. True And carried back to the liver in the enterohepatic circulation. E. False It is excreted mainly in the bile.

15.

Urobilinogen is A. A mixture of colourless compounds also known as stercobilinogen. B. Formed in the reticuloendothelial system from bilirubin. C. Converted into the dark pigment, urobilin, on exposure to air. D. Absorbed from the intestine. E. Excreted mainly in the urine.

Answer»

A. True It is present in both urine and faeces.

B. False It is formed in the intestine.

C. True Urine rich in urobilinogen (due to haemolysis) darkens on exposure to light.

D. True And carried back to the liver in the enterohepatic circulation.

E. False It is excreted mainly in the bile.

Discussion

16.	Surgical removal of 90 per cent of the small intestine may cause a decrease in A. The fat content of the stools. B. Bone mineralization (osteomalacia). C. Extracellular fluid volume. D. Blood hemoglobin level. E. Body weight.
Answer» A. False Fat absorption is incomplete and this causes steatorrhoea. B. True There is poor absorption of fat-soluble vitamin D. C. False Adequate salt and water absorption still occur. D. True Vitamin B₁₂ and iron absorption are impaired and this may cause anaemia. E. True Due to the malabsorption of food.

16.

Surgical removal of 90 per cent of the small intestine may cause a decrease in A. The fat content of the stools. B. Bone mineralization (osteomalacia). C. Extracellular fluid volume. D. Blood hemoglobin level. E. Body weight.

Answer»

A. False Fat absorption is incomplete and this causes steatorrhoea.

B. True There is poor absorption of fat-soluble vitamin D.

C. False Adequate salt and water absorption still occur.

D. True Vitamin B₁₂ and iron absorption are impaired and this may cause anaemia.

E. True Due to the malabsorption of food.

Discussion

17.	Fat stores in the adult A. Make up less than 5 per cent of average body weight. B. Make up a smaller percentage of body weight in women than in men. C. Release fatty acids when there is increased sympathetic nerve activity. D. Release fatty acids when insulin is injected. E. Enlarge by increasing the number of adipocytes they contain.
Answer» A. False The normal value is around 15–20 per cent. B. False Fat, as a percentage of body weight, is 5–10 per cent higher in women than in men. C. True This is mediated via beta adrenergic receptor stimulation. D. False Insulin favours deposition of fat in the fat stores. E. False In obesity, adipocytes increase in size rather than number.

17.

Fat stores in the adult A. Make up less than 5 per cent of average body weight. B. Make up a smaller percentage of body weight in women than in men. C. Release fatty acids when there is increased sympathetic nerve activity. D. Release fatty acids when insulin is injected. E. Enlarge by increasing the number of adipocytes they contain.

Answer»

A. False The normal value is around 15–20 per cent.

B. False Fat, as a percentage of body weight, is 5–10 per cent higher in women than in men.

C. True This is mediated via beta adrenergic receptor stimulation.

D. False Insulin favours deposition of fat in the fat stores.

E. False In obesity, adipocytes increase in size rather than number.

Discussion

18.	Free (non-esterified) fatty acids in plasma A. Account for less than 10 per cent of the total fatty acids in plasma. B. Are complexed with the plasma proteins. C. Decrease when the level of blood adrenaline rises. D. Can be metabolized to release energy in cardiac and skeletal muscle. E. Can be metabolized to release energy in the brain.
Answer» A. True Most are esterified to glycerol and cholesterol. B. True This is necessary for solubility. C. False They rise due to release from adipose tissue. D. True They are an important source of energy for contraction. E. False Glucose is the only normal substrate for energy production here.

18.

Free (non-esterified) fatty acids in plasma A. Account for less than 10 per cent of the total fatty acids in plasma. B. Are complexed with the plasma proteins. C. Decrease when the level of blood adrenaline rises. D. Can be metabolized to release energy in cardiac and skeletal muscle. E. Can be metabolized to release energy in the brain.

Answer»

A. True Most are esterified to glycerol and cholesterol.

B. True This is necessary for solubility.

C. False They rise due to release from adipose tissue.

D. True They are an important source of energy for contraction.

E. False Glucose is the only normal substrate for energy production here.

Discussion

19.	How do you visualise DNA on an agarose gel?
Answer» A compound called Ethidium Bromide stains DNA, which on irradiating with Ultra Violet, fluoresce gives orange light. Hence, DNA fragments appear as orange band in the presence of Ethidium Bromide and UV.

Discussion

20.

Distinguish between the following:(a) Aerobic respiration and Anaerobic respiration(b) Glycolysis and Fermentation(c) Glycolysis and Citric acid Cycle

Answer»

(a) Aerobic respiration and Anaerobic respiration

Aerobic respiration		Anaerobic respiration
It uses oxygen for deriving energy.	1.		It occurs in the absence of oxygen.
It occurs in cytoplasm and mitochondria.	2.		It occurs in cytoplasm.
The end products of aerobic respiration are carbon dioxide and water.	3.		The end products of fermentation are ethyl alcohol and carbon-dioxide.
Complete oxidation of respiratory substrate takes place.	4.		Incomplete oxidation of respiratory substrate takes place.
36-38 ATP molecules are produced.	5.		Only 2 ATP molecules are produced.

(b) Glycolysis and Fermentation

Glycolysis		Fermentation
Glycolysis occurs during aerobic and anaerobic respiration.	1.		Fermentation is a type of anaerobic respiration.
Pyruvic acid is produced as its end product.	2.		Ethanol or lactic acid is produced as its end product.

(c) Glycolysis and citric acid cycle

Glycolysis			Citric acid cycle (Krebs cycle)
It is a linear pathway.	1.	It is a cyclic pathway.
It occurs in the cell cytoplasm.	2.	It occurs in the mitochondrial matrix.
It occurs in both aerobic and anaerobic respiration.	3.	It occurs in aerobic respiration.
One glucose molecule breaks down to generate 2 NADH2 and 2 ATP molecules.	4.	It produces 6 NADH2, 2 FADH2, and 2 ATP molecules on breakdown of two acetyl-coA molecules.

Discussion

21.	What is common to both the species shown in figures A and B?
Answer» Both are invasive weed species

Discussion

22.	What is common to the species shown in figures A and B?
Answer» Both are examples for Keystone species

Discussion

23.	In which year was the Air (Prevention and control of pollution) Actamended to include noise as air pollution.
Answer» your answer 1987.

23.

In which year was the Air (Prevention and control of pollution) Actamended to include noise as air pollution.

Answer»

your answer

1987.

Discussion

24.	Name the city in which the entire public road transport runs on CNG.
Answer» your answer Delhi.

Discussion

25.	In the reducing zone, during the endo-thermic reaction, what is the amount of heat absorbed?(a) 13269 BTU(b) 2910 BTU(c) 14452 BTU(d) 6723 BTU
Answer» Correct answer is (b) 2910 BTU Easiest explanation: In the reducing zone or the protective zone, when carbon dioxide reacts with coke, an endo-thermic reaction takes place, in which heat of the order 2910 BTU is gets absorbed.

Discussion

26.	Briefly discuss various branches of environmental science?
Answer» The branches of environmental science are ecology, atmospheric science, environmental chemistry, environmental engineering and geoscience. Environmental science is the study of the environment with a focus on providing solutions to environmental problems. Environmental scientists study the Earth and work on alternative energy, pollution control and management of natural resources. Green technology helps produce clean energy, reduces wasteful practices, and helps restore the environment. Solar and wind power are newer forms of energy. Environmental science incorporates subjects such as physics, chemistry, zoology, mineralogy, oceanology, limnology, soil science, geology, geography and geodesy. Ecology includes conservation, which is a field that seeks to protect organisms from extinction caused by the depletion of natural resources.

26.

Briefly discuss various branches of environmental science?

Answer»

The branches of environmental science are ecology, atmospheric science, environmental chemistry, environmental engineering and geoscience.

Environmental science is the study of the environment with a focus on providing solutions to environmental problems. Environmental scientists study the Earth and work on alternative energy, pollution control and management of natural resources. Green technology helps produce clean energy, reduces wasteful practices, and helps restore the environment. Solar and wind power are newer forms of energy. Environmental science incorporates subjects such as physics, chemistry, zoology, mineralogy, oceanology, limnology, soil science, geology, geography and geodesy. Ecology includes conservation, which is a field that seeks to protect organisms from extinction caused by the depletion of natural resources.

Discussion

27.	Write down the seven factors affecting perspectives in communication. Provide examples, explaining how each factor affects communication.
Answer» Be patient in your specking. Think before you speak. The listener should be in good mood. Equality should be there in your world. Positive words should be used. Talk in the perfect tune. Be calm and in the prosperity.

Discussion

28.	The first world’s international tour was from
Answer» The first World's international tour was from England to Paris.

Discussion

29.	I took ________ of the opportunity to tell him what I thought. A) advantage B) benefit C) gain D) occasionE) profit
Answer» Correct option is A) advantage

Discussion

30.	2.(d) Standing with an upright posture3Ps of Public Speaking are Prepare, Practice,(a) Patience(b) Produce(c) Perform(d) Pronounce
Answer» Answer: Perform

Discussion

31.	3Ps of Public Speaking are Prepare, Practice, _______________ (a) Patience (b) Produce (c) Perform (d) Pronounce
Answer» Correct answer is (c) Perform

Discussion

32.	He suffers from a speech ________ and so he cannot pronounce the letter ‘r’ properly. A) break B) defect C) error D) fault E) mistake
Answer» Correct option is B) defect

Discussion

33.	Why did the neighbours kill the dog?
Answer» The neighbours dragged the dog around their garden to find a treasure for themselves. When the dog stopped near a pine tree and started scratching the ground, they dug happily hoping to find a treasure. When they saw that there was nothing in there except a dead kitten, they became furious at the dog. They kicked it and beat it to death. They killed it because it did not help them find a treasure.

Discussion

34.	Fill in the blanks with the words given in the box. how what when where which (i) My friend lost his chemistry book. Now he doesn’t know _____________ to do and _____________ to look for it. (ii) There are so many toys in the shops. Neena can’t decide ____________one to buy. (iii) Yo u don’t know the way to my school. Ask the policeman __________ to get there. (iv) You should decide soon _______________ to start building your house. (v) Do you know _____________ to ride a bicycle? I don’t remember ____________and _____________ I learnt it. (vi) “You should know ________________ to talk and _____________ to keep your mouth shut,” the teacher advised Anil.
Answer» (i) My friend lost his chemistry book. Now he doesn’t know what to do and where to look for it. (ii) There are so many toys in the shops. Neena can’t decide which one to buy. (iii) You don’t know the way to my school. Ask the policeman how to get there. (iv) You should decide soon where to start building your house. (v) Do you know how to ride a bicycle? I don’t remember when and where I learnt it. (vi) “You should know when to talk and when to keep your mouth shut,” the teacher advised Anil.

34.

Fill in the blanks with the words given in the box. how what when where which (i) My friend lost his chemistry book. Now he doesn’t know _______ to do and _ to look for it. (ii) There are so many toys in the shops. Neena can’t decide one to buy. (iii) Yo u don’t know the way to my school. Ask the policeman to get there. (iv) You should decide soon _____ to start building your house. (v) Do you know _ to ride a bicycle? I don’t remember and _ I learnt it. (vi) “You should know to talk and ___ to keep your mouth shut,” the teacher advised Anil.

Answer»

(i) My friend lost his chemistry book. Now he doesn’t know what to do and where to look for it.

(ii) There are so many toys in the shops. Neena can’t decide which one to buy.

(iii) You don’t know the way to my school. Ask the policeman how to get there.

(iv) You should decide soon where to start building your house.

(v) Do you know how to ride a bicycle? I don’t remember when and where I learnt it.

(vi) “You should know when to talk and when to keep your mouth shut,” the teacher advised Anil.

Discussion

35.	Why is your face halfshaven? Gopal’s wife asked him_________________________.
Answer» Why is your face halfshaven? Gopal’s wife asked him why his face was halfshaven

35.

Why is your face halfshaven? Gopal’s wife asked him_________________________.

Answer»

Why is your face halfshaven?

Gopal’s wife asked him why his face was halfshaven

Discussion

36.	Encircle the correct article. A : Would you like (a/an/the) apple or (a/an/the) banana? B : I’d like (a/an/the) apple, please. A : Take (a/an/the) red one in (a/an/the) fruit bowl. You may take (a/an/the) orange also, if you like. B : Which one? A : (a/an/the) one beside (a/an/the) banana.
Answer» A : Would you like an apple or a banana? B : I’d like an apple, please. A : Take the red one in the fruit bowl. You may take an orange also, if you like. B : Which one? A : The one beside the banana.

36.

Encircle the correct article. A : Would you like (a/an/the) apple or (a/an/the) banana? B : I’d like (a/an/the) apple, please. A : Take (a/an/the) red one in (a/an/the) fruit bowl. You may take (a/an/the) orange also, if you like. B : Which one? A : (a/an/the) one beside (a/an/the) banana.

Answer»

A : Would you like an apple or a banana?

B : I’d like an apple, please.

A : Take the red one in the fruit bowl. You may take an orange also, if you like.

B : Which one?

A : The one beside the banana.

Discussion

37.	To estimate the poverty levels in his town, the collector conducted an informal survey that compiled all household incomes in the area. Using the national poverty line as a reference point, she then calculated the number of poor. Based on this she wanted to launch a number of welfare schemes. In what other ways could she have measured poverty so that the most beneficial welfare schemes are launched? A. by calculating the head count ratio B. by looking at health and education indicators C. by dividing the poor into further specific categories D. by categorising them as employed and unemployed
Answer» B. by looking at health and education indicators

Discussion

38.	Recent studies of poverty show that the lower castes of India form the poorest 10% in the country. Every second person from the Scheduled Tribes and every third person from the Scheduled Castes are poor. - Every second ST, every third Dalit & Muslim in India poor, and not just financially: UN report, The Print, 2019 The above lines show that caste is an important determinant of poverty. Which of the following statements BEST describes how a person's caste influences poverty? A. Lower castes face systemic poverty, leading to a lack of access to public resources like employment, health and education. B. Lower castes have very high consumption and expenditure rates owing to their poor living conditions. C. The Indian government has continuously ignored the lack of welfare schemes for lower castes. D. The population of lower castes is much higher than other castes.
Answer» A. Lower castes face systemic poverty, leading to a lack of access to public resources like employment, health and education.

Discussion

39.	There are two statements given below, marked as Assertion (A) and Reason (R). Read the statements and choose the correct option. Assertion (A): The 12th Five Year Plan tried to raise India's Gross Enrolment Ratio in higher education to 25.2% by 2017–18 and to 30% by 2020–21. Reason (R): The quality of the population ultimately decides the growth rate of the country. A. A is true but R is false. B. A is false but R is true. C. Both A and R are true and R explains A. D. Both A and R are true but R does not explain A.
Answer» C. Both A and R are true and R explains A.

Discussion

40.	What did the king ask Gopal to do to prove that he was clever?
Answer» In order to prove that he was clever, Gopal was asked to buy a huge hilsafish and bring it to the palace without anyone asking anything about the fish.

Discussion

41.	It was a mistake. The computer couldn’t answer a question like that. It seemed quite upset. Lights went on and off. It was trying hard to find an answer in its memory bank, but it could not.In the end, it printed out a new instruction to Derf, I don’t understand this question. Please ask it in a different way. Derf felt very excited. He had never seen this before.A computer breakdown, yes! But computer ignorance (The state of being ignorant), no! Derf started do feed lots of silly questions into his computer. It couldn’t answer them.He fed the questions faster and faster, Why? What? Where ? How ? When ? Which ? The computer worked faster and faster. It clicked and hummed. But it couldn’t work.In the end, its lights went off, and it printed out its ( last message. Derf read it. Computer breakdown, Please repair. Derf smiled. He had won a victory. It was a small victory, but it was a beginning.(1) Why was the computer upset?(2) Why was Derf very excited ?(3) Why did Derf start feeding lots of silly questions into his computer?(4) What was a victory for Derf?
Answer» (1) By mistake, such an odd question was asked to the computer that it couldn’t answer, so it was upset. (2) Derf was very excited because he knew that there could be a computer breakdown but he had never heard or seen computer ignorance. (3) Derf started feeding lots of silly questions into his computer because he wanted to upset and breakdown the entire computer system. (4) By asking some silly questions, Derf had been able to breakdown his computer. This was a great victory for Derf.

41.

It was a mistake. The computer couldn’t answer a question like that. It seemed quite upset. Lights went on and off. It was trying hard to find an answer in its memory bank, but it could not.In the end, it printed out a new instruction to Derf, I don’t understand this question. Please ask it in a different way. Derf felt very excited. He had never seen this before.A computer breakdown, yes! But computer ignorance (The state of being ignorant), no! Derf started do feed lots of silly questions into his computer. It couldn’t answer them.He fed the questions faster and faster, Why? What? Where ? How ? When ? Which ? The computer worked faster and faster. It clicked and hummed. But it couldn’t work.In the end, its lights went off, and it printed out its ( last message. Derf read it. Computer breakdown, Please repair. Derf smiled. He had won a victory. It was a small victory, but it was a beginning.(1) Why was the computer upset?(2) Why was Derf very excited ?(3) Why did Derf start feeding lots of silly questions into his computer?(4) What was a victory for Derf?

Answer»

(1) By mistake, such an odd question was asked to the computer that it couldn’t answer, so it was upset.

(2) Derf was very excited because he knew that there could be a computer breakdown but he had never heard or seen computer ignorance.

(3) Derf started feeding lots of silly questions into his computer because he wanted to upset and breakdown the entire computer system.

(4) By asking some silly questions, Derf had been able to breakdown his computer. This was a great victory for Derf.

Discussion

42.	He will pass his examination if he works ________. A) quietly B) strongly C) hard D) cleverly E) loudly
Answer» Correct option is C) hard

Discussion

43.	My father told me never ________ a lie. A) to do B) to make C) to tell D) to recount E) to relate
Answer» Correct option is C) to tell

Discussion

44.	Mary is very ________ because she has failed her examination. A) excited B) afraid C) sensitive D) sensible E) upset
Answer» Correct option is E) upset

Discussion

45.	Fiscal Deficit of the Government of India is closed to1. Excess of revenue expenditure over revenue receipts2. Interest bearing borrowings during a financial year3. Excess of revenue and capital expenditure over tax revenue4. Accumulated public debt at the end of the financial year
Answer» Correct Answer - Option 1 : Excess of revenue expenditure over revenue receipts The correct answer is Excess of revenue expenditure over revenue receipts. Fiscal Deficit Fiscal Deficit is the difference between the total income of the government (total taxes and non-debt capital receipts) and its total expenditure. A fiscal deficit situation occurs when the government’s expenditure exceeds its income. This difference is calculated both in absolute terms and also as a percentage of the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) of the country. The government describes the fiscal deficit of India as “the excess of total disbursements from the Consolidated Fund of India, excluding repayment of the debt, over total receipts into the Fund (excluding the debt receipts) during a financial year”. For the current financial year, the government expects the deficit at 6.8 per cent of GDP or Rs 15.06 lakh crore.

45.

Fiscal Deficit of the Government of India is closed to1. Excess of revenue expenditure over revenue receipts2. Interest bearing borrowings during a financial year3. Excess of revenue and capital expenditure over tax revenue4. Accumulated public debt at the end of the financial year

Answer» Correct Answer - Option 1 : Excess of revenue expenditure over revenue receipts

The correct answer is Excess of revenue expenditure over revenue receipts.

Fiscal Deficit
- Fiscal Deficit is the difference between the total income of the government (total taxes and non-debt capital receipts) and its total expenditure.
- A fiscal deficit situation occurs when the government’s expenditure exceeds its income.
- This difference is calculated both in absolute terms and also as a percentage of the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) of the country.
- The government describes the fiscal deficit of India as “the excess of total disbursements from the Consolidated Fund of India, excluding repayment of the debt, over total receipts into the Fund (excluding the debt receipts) during a financial year”.
- For the current financial year, the government expects the deficit at 6.8 per cent of GDP or Rs 15.06 lakh crore.

Discussion

46.	Interim budget for 2019-20 was presented in the parliament by,A. Arun JaitleyB. Shiv Pratap ShuklaC. P. RadhakrishnanD. None of these
Answer» Correct Answer - D

Discussion

47.	In ancient India, the leader of merchant caravans was called ______.1. Maha-danda-nayaka2. Sandhi-vigrahika3. Prathama-kulika4. Sarthavaha
Answer» Correct Answer - Option 4 : Sarthavaha The correct answer is Sarthavaha. ADMINISTRATION IN Ancient India: Some posts were made hereditary. This meant that the son got a particular post after the death of this father. Let us take the example of poet Harisena. He was a Maha-danda-nayaka (Chief Judicial Officer) and his father held the same post. There were many instances when a single person held many posts. Let us take the example of Harisena once again. He also held the posts of Kumar-amatya (important minister) and Sandhi-vigrahika (minister of war and peace). Many important men exercised authority in local administration. Some examples of such persons are; the nagara-shreshthi (chief banker or merchant), sarthavaha (leader of the merchant caravan), and the heads of the kayasthas (scribes). These policies appear quite effective in keeping control over the kingdom to a certain extent. But, gradually, the local satraps grew in power and eventually set up their own independent kingdoms.

47.

In ancient India, the leader of merchant caravans was called ______.1. Maha-danda-nayaka2. Sandhi-vigrahika3. Prathama-kulika4. Sarthavaha

Answer» Correct Answer - Option 4 : Sarthavaha

The correct answer is Sarthavaha.

ADMINISTRATION IN Ancient India:
- Some posts were made hereditary.
  - This meant that the son got a particular post after the death of this father.
  - Let us take the example of poet Harisena.
  - He was a Maha-danda-nayaka (Chief Judicial Officer) and his father held the same post.
- There were many instances when a single person held many posts.
  - Let us take the example of Harisena once again.
  - He also held the posts of Kumar-amatya (important minister) and Sandhi-vigrahika (minister of war and peace).
- Many important men exercised authority in local administration.
  - Some examples of such persons are; the nagara-shreshthi (chief banker or merchant), sarthavaha (leader of the merchant caravan), and the heads of the kayasthas (scribes).
- These policies appear quite effective in keeping control over the kingdom to a certain extent.
  - But, gradually, the local satraps grew in power and eventually set up their own independent kingdoms.

Discussion

48.

Write a letter of apology to a friend for not having kept an appointment, explaining fully what prevented you

Answer»

My dear Aziz,

I had promised to meet you at Churchgate at 5 p.m. yesterday and see with you ‘Lagaan’ at Metro. You must have waited for me for a long time and cursed me for not having turned up. I apologise to you for my inability to meet you yesterday.

As I was about to leave my house for Churchgate, one of my neighbours, a lady, requested me to fetch a doctor as her eight-year-old son was seriously ill. I went to my family doctor who, as usual, was very busy. After some time he came with me to my neighbours, house, examined the patient and prescribed certain medicines. The boy is now better.

So, you see, I had a good reason for not having kept the appointment.

Yours sincerely,

Discussion

49.

Which of the following is an ancient Indian book on surgery?1. Susruta Samhita2. Arthashastra3. Manusmriti4. Charak Samhita

Answer» Correct Answer - Option 1 : Susruta Samhita

The correct answer is Susruta Samhita.

Susruta Samhita is an ancient Indian book on surgery.
The Sushruta Samhita is an ancient Sanskrit text on medicine and surgery, and one of the most important such treatises on this subject to survive from the ancient world.
The Sushruta and Charaka texts differ in one major aspect, with Sushruta Samhita providing the foundation of surgery, while Charaka Samhita being primarily a foundation of medicine.
It is one of the two foundational Hindu texts on the medical profession that have survived from ancient India.
The Sushruta Samhita was composed after Charaka Samhita, and except for some topics and their emphasis, both discuss many similar subjects such as General Principles, Pathology, Diagnosis, Anatomy, Sensorial Prognosis, Therapeutics, Pharmaceutics and Toxicology.

List -1 (Author)	List -2 (Book)
A. Kautilya	2. Arthashastra
B. Panini	1. Ashtadhyayi
C. Kamandaka	4. Nitisara
D. Kalidas	3. Kumarasambhava

Kalidasa
- He was a Classical Sanskrit author who is often considered ancient India's greatest playwright and dramatist.
- His plays and poetry are primarily based on the Vedas, the Ramayana, the Mahabharata, and the Puranas.
- His surviving works consist of three plays, two epic poems, and two shorter poems.
Panini
- He was an ancient Sanskrit philologist, grammarian, and revered scholar in ancient India.
  - Since the discovery and publication of his work by European scholars in the nineteenth century, Pāṇini has been considered the "first descriptive linguist", and even labelled the father of linguistics”.

Discussion

50.	The Governor holds office for _____ years from the date of assumption of office.(a) five(b) four(c) six(d) three
Answer» The Governor holds office for five years from the date of assumption of office.

Discussion

Explore topic-wise InterviewSolutions in Current Affairs.

Most of drugs are distributed homogeneously. a) Trueb) False

What is the reason of complicated penetration of some drugs through brain-blood barrier? a) High lipid solubility of a drug b) Meningitis c) Absence of pores in the brain capillary endothelium d) High endocytosis degree in a brain capillary

Half life (t ½) is the time required to: a) Change the amount of a drug in plasma by half during elimination b) Metabolize a half of an introduced drug into the active metabolite c) Absorb a half of an introduced drug d) Bind a half of an introduced drug to plasma proteins

Elimination is expressed as follows: a) Rate of renal tubular reabsorption b) Clearance speed of some volume of blood from substance c) Time required to decrease the amount of drug in plasma by one-half d) Clearance of an organism from a xenobiotic

The reasons determing bioavailability are: a) Rheological parameters of blood b) Amount of a substance obtained orally and quantity of intakes c) Extent of absorption and hepatic first-pass effect d) Glomerular filtration rate

Tick the drug type for which micro somal oxidation is the most prominent: a) Lipid soluble b) Water soluble c) Low molecular weight d) High molecular weight

Conjugation is: a) Process of drug reduction by special enzymes b) Process of drug oxidation by special oxidases c) Coupling of a drug with an endogenous substrate d) Solubilization in lipids

What does “pharmacokinetics” include? a) Complications of drug therapy b) Drug biotransformation in the organism c) Influence of drugs on metabolism processes d) Influence of drugs on genes

Pick out the appropriate alimentary route of administration when passage of drugs through liver is minimized: a) Oralb) Transdermal c) Rectal d) Intraduodenal

What is to be done in case the pension has not been fixed correctly?

Which bank opened a Lockless branch at Maharashtra to respecting the local customs: a) State Bank of India b) UCO Bank c) Bank of Maharashtra d) None of these

Urobilinogen is A. A mixture of colourless compounds also known as stercobilinogen. B. Formed in the reticuloendothelial system from bilirubin. C. Converted into the dark pigment, urobilin, on exposure to air. D. Absorbed from the intestine. E. Excreted mainly in the urine.

Surgical removal of 90 per cent of the small intestine may cause a decrease in A. The fat content of the stools. B. Bone mineralization (osteomalacia). C. Extracellular fluid volume. D. Blood hemoglobin level. E. Body weight.

How do you visualise DNA on an agarose gel?

Distinguish between the following:(a) Aerobic respiration and Anaerobic respiration(b) Glycolysis and Fermentation(c) Glycolysis and Citric acid Cycle

What is common to both the species shown in figures A and B?

What is common to the species shown in figures A and B?

In which year was the Air (Prevention and control of pollution) Actamended to include noise as air pollution.

Name the city in which the entire public road transport runs on CNG.

In the reducing zone, during the endo-thermic reaction, what is the amount of heat absorbed?(a) 13269 BTU(b) 2910 BTU(c) 14452 BTU(d) 6723 BTU

Briefly discuss various branches of environmental science?

Write down the seven factors affecting perspectives in communication. Provide examples, explaining how each factor affects communication.

The first world’s international tour was from

I took ________ of the opportunity to tell him what I thought. A) advantage B) benefit C) gain D) occasionE) profit

2.(d) Standing with an upright posture3Ps of Public Speaking are Prepare, Practice,(a) Patience(b) Produce(c) Perform(d) Pronounce

3Ps of Public Speaking are Prepare, Practice, _______________ (a) Patience (b) Produce (c) Perform (d) Pronounce

He suffers from a speech ________ and so he cannot pronounce the letter ‘r’ properly. A) break B) defect C) error D) fault E) mistake

Why did the neighbours kill the dog?

Why is your face half­shaven? Gopal’s wife asked him_________________________.

Encircle the correct article. A : Would you like (a/an/the) apple or (a/an/the) banana? B : I’d like (a/an/the) apple, please. A : Take (a/an/the) red one in (a/an/the) fruit bowl. You may take (a/an/the) orange also, if you like. B : Which one? A : (a/an/the) one beside (a/an/the) banana.

What did the king ask Gopal to do to prove that he was clever?

He will pass his examination if he works ________. A) quietly B) strongly C) hard D) cleverly E) loudly

My father told me never ________ a lie. A) to do B) to make C) to tell D) to recount E) to relate

Mary is very ________ because she has failed her examination. A) excited B) afraid C) sensitive D) sensible E) upset

Fiscal Deficit of the Government of India is closed to1. Excess of revenue expenditure over revenue receipts2. Interest bearing borrowings during a financial year3. Excess of revenue and capital expenditure over tax revenue4. Accumulated public debt at the end of the financial year

Interim budget for 2019-20 was presented in the parliament by,A. Arun JaitleyB. Shiv Pratap ShuklaC. P. RadhakrishnanD. None of these

In ancient India, the leader of merchant caravans was called ______.1. Maha-danda-nayaka2. Sandhi-vigrahika3. Prathama-kulika4. Sarthavaha

Write a letter of apology to a friend for not having kept an appointment, explaining fully what prevented you

Which of the following is an ancient Indian book on surgery?1. Susruta Samhita2. Arthashastra3. Manusmriti4. Charak Samhita

The Governor holds office for _____ years from the date of assumption of office.(a) five(b) four(c) six(d) three

Why is your face halfshaven? Gopal’s wife asked him_________________________.