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Answer is (b) (b⁴ - a⁴)/4

Answer is (a) (y²/2) - (x²/2) = k

Answer is (c) e^x - e^y = k

Answer is (b) 1

Answer is (d) 3

Answer is (a) vector(4i + 5j + 6k)

Answer is (c) (0,0,1)

Answer is (b) √14

Answer is (a) vector(i + j + 7k)

Answer is (a) vector i

Answer is (b) 0

Answer is (b) vector(i + j + 2k)/√6

Answer is (a) Coplanar

& (b) Collinear

Answer is (b) 19/9

(c) Two successive upper limits

(c) Class interval 

(b) 27.5----32.5

Correct option is (c) 9----11 

 (c) \(\frac{largest \,number +smallest\, number}{number \,of \,classes}\)

Given:

Selling price = Rs. 329

Loss = 6%

Formula used:

C.P = S.P × [100/(100 – Loss%)]

Calculation:

Cost price = Rs. 329 × (100/94)

⇒ Rs. 350

∴ The cost price of the article is Rs. 350

Given:

Each discount: 8%

Market price:

Rs. 175

Formula used:

Selling price = Market price (1 – D₁%) (1 – D₁%)

Where D₁ and D₂ represents successive discounts.

Calculation:

S.P. = 175 (1 – 8%) (1 – 8%)

⇒ 148.12

Alternate method:

Market price = Rs. 175

Price after first discount = 175 - 175 × 8%

⇒ Rs. 161

Price after second discount = 161 – 161 × 8%

⇒ Rs.148.12

So, selling price is Rs. 148.12

These are regions with very high levels of species richness and endemism. They are the most threatened reservoir of biodiversity on earth. 

There are two Biodiversity hotspots in India 

1. Western Ghats 

2. Eastern Himalayas

When offspring with dominant phenotype, whose genotype is not known, is crossed with an individual who is homozygous recessive for the trait is known as test cross 

Use of Test Cross: 

The test cross is used to find the genotype of an organism.

Homologous organs 

• These are structurally similar functionally dissimilar. 
• These are developed by related animals. 
• They show similar developmental pattern. 
• They show divergent evolution. 

Analogous organs 

• These are structurally dissimilar but functionally similar. 
• These are developed by unrelated animals. 
• Their developmental pattern is not similar. 
• They show convergent evolution.

Science which deals with the study of heridity and variations is called genetic.

On pea plant Mendel performed its experiments.

Breeding crops with higher levels of vitamins and minerals or higher protein and healthier fats is known as biofortification. 

The objective of bio fortification is to increase quality and improving nutritional status of the plants by improving 

1. Protein content and quality 

2. Oil content and quality 

3. Vitamin content 

4. Micronutrient and mineral content 

E.g. Vitamin A enriched carrots, spinach; pumpkin, Vitamin C enriched bitter gourd, calcium enriched spinach, protein enriched beans etc.

Mendel used the term factors for genes.

Genes is the unit of inheritance it is a part of the chromosome which controls the appearance of a set of heredity character gender are located on the chromosomes.

(a) Yeast – Budding 

(b) Amoeba – Binary fission 

(c) Penicillium – Sporulation (conidia) 

(d) Sponges – Gemmules (internal buds)

Evalution is referred to as the changes acquired by a species or a certain population of a species gradually over a long period of time these changes should be heritable contribution of landmark.

According to the theory of inheritance of acquired characters or Lamarkism, put forward by landmark. The use and disuse of an organ leads to acquiring change in the features of that organ.

These change are also inherited by the offsprings the favorable variations caused due to use and tissue after a considerably long period of time result in evolution of a new species.

2). Xenogamy is the type of pollination in which the transfer of pollen from one flower take place to the stigma of the flower on another plant. Papaya is a unisexual plant in which male and female flowers are present on different plants. Hence, the plant can exhibit xenogamy only. 

3). Amniocentesis is a procedure in which amniotic fluid is removed from the uterus for testing or treatment. Amniotic fluid is the fluid that surrounds and protects a baby during pregnancy. This fluid contains fetal cells and various proteins.

4). Apomixis in flowering plants is defined as the asexual formation of a seed from the maternal tissues of the ovule, avoiding the processes of meiosis and fertilization, leading to embryo development.

5). A frameshift mutation is a genetic mutation caused by a deletion or insertion in a DNA sequence that shifts the way the sequence is read. A DNA sequence is a chain of many smaller molecules called nucleotides.

6). Central dogma is the process in which the genetic information flows from DNA to RNA, to make a functional product protein.

a. India’s history of religious and cultural traditions emphasized the protection of nature. In many cultures, tracts of forest are set aside, all the trees and wildlife within are venerated and given total protection. Sacred groves in many states are the last refuges for a large number of rare and threatened plants. 

 b. Area A will have more species richness and a steeper slope.

a. Band III corresponds to 2500 base pairs, and Band IV corresponds to 100bp.

b. The fragments will resolve according to their size. The shorter sequence fragments would move farthest from well as seen in Band IV (100 bp) which is lighter as compared to Band III which is heavier being 2500 base pairs.

The significance of electrophoresis is to purify the DNA fragments for use in constructing recombinant DNA by joining them with cloning vectors.

a. The two different DNA molecules will have compatible ends to recombine.

b. Restriction enzyme cuts the DNA of the vector and then ligates the gene of interest into the DNA of the vector. 

c. 2 fragments 

5’ ATTTTGAG 3’5’GATCCGTAATGTCCT 3’ 

3’ TAAAACTCCTAG 5’.3’GCATTACAGGA 5’ 

d. BamH1 site will affect tetracycline antibiotic resistance gene, hence the recombinant plasmids will lose tetracycline resistance due to inactivation of the resistance gene. 

Recombinants can be selected from non recombinants by plating into a medium containing tetracycline, as the recombinants will not grow in the medium because the tetracycline resistance gene is cut. 

OR

a. Farm Land II.

Bt crop.

Because the use of pesticides is highly reduced for Bt crop // Decrease of pesticide used is also more significant for Bt crop.

b. In Bt cotton a cry gene has been introduce from bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) which causes synthesis of a toxic protein. This protein becomes active in the alkaline gut of bollworm feeding on cotton, punching holes in the lining causing death of the insect.

However; a Non Bt crop will have no effect on the cotton bollworm/ the yield of cotton will decrease / non Bt will succumb to pest attack.

a) heat stable, dialyzable, non-protein organic molecules

The correct answer is: B

The first stage of hair growth cycle is Anagen.