Explore topic-wise InterviewSolutions in Current Affairs.

This section includes 7 InterviewSolutions, each offering curated multiple-choice questions to sharpen your Current Affairs knowledge and support exam preparation. Choose a topic below to get started.

1.

The compounds `C_(2)H_(5)OC_(2)H_(5)andCH_(3)OCH_(2)CH_(2)CH_(3)` areA. chain isomersB. geometrical isomersC. metamersD. conformational isomers

Answer» Correct Answer - C
2.

If 2 vectors `chati-5hatj+6hatkand chati+chatj-4hatk` are perpendicular to each other, and c is given to be a positive integer, find its value.

Answer» Correct Answer - [0008]
`c^(2)-5c-24=0`
`c=(5+-sqrt(25+96))/(2)=(5+-11)/(2)=-3,8" ""]"`
3.

Which is incorrect with reference to chloroplast?A. Presence in algae and plantsB. Releases `O_(2)`C. Occurs only in cells with aerobic respirationD. None of the above

Answer» Correct Answer - C
Option (c) is incorrect about chloroplasts. They are spherical, ovoid or disc-shaped cell organelles. These are found in plants and algae. They are involved in photosynthesis due to the presence of chlorophyll in them. During photosynthesis, `O_(2)` is released. They are not associated with any type of respiration, i.e. aerobic and anaerobic and can be found in any type of cell.
4.

An optical device forms an erect image of an object placed in front of it. If the size of the image is one half that of the object, the optical device is a :(a) Concave mirror(b) Convex mirror(c) Plane mirror(d) Convex lens

Answer»

Correct answer is (b) Convex mirror

Image in a convex mirror is always erect, virtual and diminished.

5.

A rock is shot vertically upward from the edge of the top of a tall building. The rock reaches its maximum height above the top of the building `1.75`s after being shot. Then, after barely missing the edgr of the building as it falls downward, the rock stikes the ground `6.0` s after ut us kaybcged, In SI units, how tall is the builging ?

Answer» Correct Answer - [0075]
`0=u-10xx1.75`
`u=17.5m//s=17.5xx6-1/2xx10xx6^(2)=105-180=-75m" ""]"`
6.

Bacteria cell wall is composed ofA. chitinB. pectinC. celluloseD. mannans

Answer» Correct Answer - A
The cell wall of fungi is composed of chitin. It is the second most abundant carbohydrate. It is a homopolymer of N-Acetyl Glucosamine (NAG) joined with `beta` 1-4 linkages. NAG is a modification of glucose molecule.
7.

The separation of the right side and the left side of human heart is useful to :(a) Keep oxygenated blood from mixing with deoxygenated blood(b) Allow a slow supply of oxygen in the body(c) Supply energy to animals with low energy needs(d) Often change their body temperature

Answer»

Correct answer is

(a) Keep oxygenated blood from mixing with deoxygenated blood

8.

If a lens and a spherical mirror both have a focal of -15 cm, then it may be concluded that :(a) Both are concave(b) The lens is concave and the mirror is convex(c) The lens is convex and the mirror is concave(d) Both are convex

Answer»

Correct answer is (a) Both are concave

Focal length is negative for concave mirror and concave lens as well.

9.

Write the observation you made by examining the fern leaf. Do they resemble spores of rhizopus ?

Answer»

Lower side of the fern leaf has clusters of dot like structures called sporangia. Sporangia contains spores. These are observed by rupturing the sporangia with a needle. They resemble the spores that are observed in rhizopus.

10.

In spring, sugar stored in root or stem tissue of plants is transported to the buds for :(a) The energy needs of the buds to grow(b) Temperature regulation(c) Balancing the storage in different organs(d) Diffusion process

Answer»

Correct answer is

(a) The energy needs of the buds to grow

In spring, new buds are formed, these buds need more energy to grow than other parts of the plant. This energy comes from the sugar stored in the root or stem tissue to the buds by phloem.

11.

Upward movement of water in tall trees is due to :(a) Translocation(b) Excretion(c) Photosynthesis(d) Transpiration

Answer»

Correct answer is (d) Transpiration

Transpiration helps in creating a vacuum inside the plant which pulls the water upwards.

12.

Perianth occurs in familyA. CruciferaeB. SolanaceaeC. LlliaceaeD. Malvaceae

Answer» Correct Answer - C
Perianth is found in Liliaceae family when there is no distinction of sepals and petals. The individual parts of the perianth are known as tepals, e.g. onion, lily, etc.
13.

The energy released during cellular respiration is used to synthesize :(a) Ribosomes(b) RBC(c) ATP(d) Mitochondria

Answer»

Correct answer is (c) ATP

14.

What is the velocity of sound at moons surface?

Answer» There is no sound on the Moon
15.

Root like structure present in the bryophytes is known as

Answer» Root like str in bryophtes  called rhizoides and in case of pteridophytes  called rhizome . So dont get confuse .
16.

Palmella stage is present inA. AspergillusB. CystopusC. ChlamydomonasD. None of these

Answer» Correct Answer - C
Palmella stage is present in Chlamydomonas. In adverse conditions, the daughter protoplasts formed by division, do not develop neuromotor apparatus and become motile. However, the parent cell wall gelatinises and foms a matrix around the daughter protoplasts. All cells of palmella stage develop flagelle and become motile. They escape from the gelatinous matrix on the arrival of favourable conditions.
17.

Inflorescence present in ocimum

Answer» Racemose  type of inflorenscence..
18.

Which inflorescence is present in ocimum?

Answer» I think racemose.
19.

Elucidate extensively on the nature of analytical chemistry.

Answer»

Analytical chemistry involves separating, identifying, and determining the relative amounts of the components in a sample of matter. It is a measurement science consisting of a set of powerful ideas, instruments and methods that are useful in all fields of science, engineering and medicine.

20.

Which group of insects has incomplete metamorphosis? a. Fleas b. Beetles c. Flies d. Bugs

Answer»

Bugs group of insects has incomplete metamorphosis.

21.

32. Exclusive character of human being, which separate human from other organism is?(1) Consciousness(2) Self-regulation(8) Self-consciousness(4) Both (2) and (3)

Answer»

3

if we consider self regulation like kidney function all the mammals can regulate.

according to question human have only concesiness

22.

লিখকৰ মতে ছাত্র জীবন প্ৰকৃত উদ্দেশ্য কি কিलेखक के अनुसार विद्यार्थी जीवन का वास्तविक उद्देश्य क्या है?

Answer»

নিম্নলিখিত পদক্ষেপগুলি শিক্ষার্থীদের তাদের নিজের জীবনের জন্য একটি দৃষ্টিভঙ্গি তৈরি করতে সক্ষম করতে পারে:

(1) উপযুক্ত লক্ষ্য নির্ধারণ- শিক্ষার্থীদের তাদের ইচ্ছা, বাস্তবতার জ্ঞান, সংকল্প দ্বারা উপযুক্ত লক্ষ্য নির্ধারণ করা উচিত। উপযুক্ত লক্ষ্য শুধুমাত্র একটি হওয়া উচিত যাতে পূর্ণ সংকল্পের সাথে লক্ষ্য অর্জনের চেষ্টা করা হয়। একটি প্রবাদ আছে যে আপনি যদি দুটি খরগোশের পিছনে দৌড়ান তবে আপনি কাউকে ধরবেন না। কবি রহিম আরো লিখেছেন - একাই সাধে সব সাধাই, সব সাধ সব যায়। রহিমান মুলাহিন সিনচিবো ফুলে ফালাই আঘাই।

(2) আত্ম-ধ্যান-আত্ম-ধ্যান দ্বারা জীবনের দৃষ্টি তীক্ষ্ণ হয়। লক্ষ্য স্থির করার আগে শিক্ষার্থীর তার বাস্তব স্থানের জ্ঞান থাকা উচিত। লক্ষ্য অর্জনের জন্য কোন দিকে, কোন পথে যাওয়া ভাল হবে, তা নিয়েও ভাবা উচিত। চিন্তাভাবনা এবং দৃষ্টিভঙ্গি ইতিবাচক হওয়া উচিত, নেতিবাচক নয়। আপনার চিন্তাভাবনাকে কীভাবে আকার দেওয়া যায় সে বিষয়েও আত্ম-প্রতিফলন প্রয়োজন।

(3) দক্ষতা অর্জন- জীবনে কিছু অর্জনের জন্য, শিক্ষার্থীকে দক্ষতা এবং দক্ষতা বিকাশ করতে হবে যাতে লক্ষ্য অর্জন সহজ হয়। ছাত্র যদি ইঞ্জিনিয়ার বা ডাক্তার হতে চায়, তাহলে ইঞ্জিনিয়ারিং এবং চিকিৎসা বিজ্ঞান অধ্যয়ন করে তাকে প্রয়োজনীয় যোগ্যতা অর্জন করতে হবে। একজন শিক্ষক যিনি শিক্ষক হতে চান তার নিজের মধ্যে শিক্ষার দক্ষতা এবং শিক্ষকের দক্ষতা বিকাশ করতে হবে।

(4) কাজ এবং প্রচেষ্টা - লক্ষ্য অর্জনের জন্য শিক্ষার্থীর জন্য প্রচেষ্টা করা প্রয়োজন। সাফল্যের জন্য চেষ্টা অবিরত হওয়া উচিত। প্রচেষ্টা মূল থেকে শুরু করা উচিত। শিক্ষার্থীরা যদি শীর্ষে পৌঁছতে চায়, তাহলে নিচ থেকে কাজ শুরু করুন। লক্ষ্য অর্জনের পথে অনেক অসুবিধা এবং বাধা থাকতে পারে। এমন পরিস্থিতিতে শিক্ষার্থীর কাজ ও প্রচেষ্টাকে চ্যালেঞ্জ হিসেবে নেওয়া উচিত। চ্যালেঞ্জিং হল সেই চালিকা শক্তি যা একজনকে সাহসী, উৎসাহী এবং লক্ষ্য অর্জনের জন্য প্রচেষ্টা করার আহ্বান জানায়।

(5) পরিকল্পনা বা পরিকল্পনা - লক্ষ্য অর্জনের লক্ষ্যে যাওয়ার জন্য একটি পরিকল্পনা করা উপযুক্ত। পরিকল্পনা থাকলে লক্ষ্যে পৌঁছানোর পথ সহজ হয়। পরিকল্পনা করার সময়, পথে বাধা মোকাবেলা, প্রচেষ্টা ও কাজের অগ্রাধিকার, সময় ব্যবস্থাপনা, ইতিবাচক ব্যবস্থা গ্রহণ এবং নির্ধারিত পরিকল্পনা অনুযায়ী ব্যবস্থা গ্রহণ করা প্রয়োজন। পরিকল্পনা ছাড়াই করা কঠোর পরিশ্রম প্রায়ই বৃথা যায়।

(6) ব্যর্থতার জন্য পুনরায় চেষ্টা করুন- যে কোন নামে ব্যর্থতা পেয়ে হতাশ হওয়ার পরিবর্তে, সেই ব্যর্থতার কারণগুলি সম্পর্কে চিন্তা করা উচিত এবং এটি থেকে শিক্ষা নেওয়া উচিত এবং উৎসাহের সাথে সাফল্য বা লক্ষ্য অর্জনের জন্য আবার চেষ্টা করা উচিত। পাখির বাসার মতো বৃষ্টি ঝড়ে বারবার পড়ে যায়, কিন্তু হাল না ছেড়ে আবার চেষ্টা করে। বারবার সুই বিল্ডিং! দেয়ালে ওঠার সময় পিঁপড়া বারবার পড়ে যায়, কিন্তু আবার চেষ্টা করার পর সে দেয়ালে উঠতে সফল হয়। একইভাবে, শিক্ষার্থীর ব্যর্থতার পর পুন theপ্রচেষ্টা তাকে লক্ষ্য অর্জনে সহায়তা করে।

(7) ডায়েরি লেখা - শিক্ষার্থীদের লক্ষ্য ও লক্ষ্য অর্জনের পথের সাথে ছাত্র জীবন থেকেই ডায়েরি লেখা শুরু করা উচিত যাতে দৈনন্দিন কাজের হিসাব, ​​সম্মুখীন অসুবিধা এবং তাদের সমাধান প্রস্তুত থাকে। এর সাথে, শিক্ষার্থী ফিড ব্যাক পাবে এবং লক্ষ্য অর্জনের সাফল্যের ধাপগুলিও জানা যাবে। আত্ম-প্রতিফলনের একটি কার্যকর মাধ্যম হল দৈনন্দিন লেখা। আপনার সাফল্য এবং ব্যর্থতাগুলিও জার্নালে উল্লেখ করা উচিত। দৈনন্দিন লেখালেখিও আপনাকে লক্ষ্যের দিকে ক্রমাগত এগিয়ে যাওয়ার উৎসাহ দেবে।

(8) আত্মবিশ্বাস-শিক্ষার্থীরা যদি সফল মহৎ মানুষের জীবন বিশ্লেষণ করে, তাহলে তারা দেখতে পাবে যে তাদের আত্মবিশ্বাসের গুণ ছিল যাতে তারা বাধা পেরিয়েও লক্ষ্য অর্জন করতে পারে। আত্মবিশ্বাসী মানুষ সাফল্যের সাথে লক্ষ্য অর্জনের পথে সমস্যার সম্মুখীন হয় এবং তাদের লক্ষ্যকে প্রসারিত হতে দেয় না।

(9) কঠোর পরিশ্রম- লক্ষ্য অর্জনের জন্য কঠোর পরিশ্রম প্রয়োজন। যদি কোন ব্যক্তি কোন কাজের জন্য কঠোর পরিশ্রম না করে, তাহলে সে তা থেকে প্রত্যাশিত সাফল্য পেতে পারে না। লক্ষ্য অর্জনের পথে অদম্য প্রতিবন্ধকতা কঠোর পরিশ্রম দ্বারা সহজ হয়। কাজগুলি অসম্পূর্ণ হওয়া উচিত নয় এবং কঠোর পরিশ্রম করার আগে এটি চিন্তা করা প্রয়োজন যে পথটি লক্ষ্যের দিকে যাচ্ছে কি না।

निम्नलिखित उपाय छात्रों को अपने जीवन हेतु दृष्टि विकसित करने में योग्य बना सकते हैं–

(1) उपयुक्त लक्ष्य का निर्धारण– अपनी इच्छाशक्ति, वास्तविकता के ज्ञान, दृढ़ संकल्प द्वारा विद्यार्थियों को उपयुक्त लक्ष्य का निर्धारण करना चाहिए । उपयुक्त लक्ष्य एक ही होना चाहिए ताकि पूरी दृढ़ता के साथ लक्ष्य प्राप्ति के प्रयास हों । कहावत है यदि आप दो ख़रगोशों के पीछे भागते हैं तो आप किसी को भी नहीं पकड़ पाएंगे। कवि रहीम ने भी लिखा है–एकै साधे सब सधै, सब साधे सब जाए। रहिमन मूलहिं सींचिबो फूले फलै अघाय ॥

(2) आत्मचिंतन– जीवन हेतु दृष्टि आत्म चिंतन से प्रखर होती है । विद्यार्थी को लक्ष्य निर्धारण के पूर्व अपने वास्तविक धरातल का ज्ञान होना चाहिए। लक्ष्य प्राप्ति के लिए किस दिशा में किस मार्ग पर जाना सर्वोत्तम होगा इस पर भी चिंतन करना चाहिए । विचार व दृष्टिकोण सकारात्मक होने चाहिए नकारात्मक नहीं। अपने विचारों को मूर्त रूप कैसे दिया जाए इस पर भी आत्म चिंतन आवश्यक है।

(3) योग्यताओं का अर्जन– जीवन में कुछ पाने के लिए छात्र को क्षमताओं और कौशलों को विकसित करना होगा ताकि लक्ष्य की प्राप्ति सरल हो। यदि छात्र इंजीनियर या डॉक्टर बनना चाहता है तो इंजीनियरिंग तथा मेडीकल साइंस का अध्ययन कर उसे अपेक्षित योग्यताओं को प्राप्त करना होगा। शिक्षक बनने के इच्छुक छात्राध्यापक को स्वयं में शिक्षण कौशल तथा शिक्षक की योग्यताएं विकसित करनी होंगी।

(4) कार्य व प्रयास – विद्यार्थी का लक्ष्य की प्राप्ति हेतु प्रयास करना अनिवार्य है। सफलता के लिए प्रयास निरंतर होते रहने चाहिए। प्रयास जड़ से प्रारंभ होने चाहिए। यदि विद्यार्थी सर्वोच्च शिखर पर पहुँचने के आकांक्षी हैं तो सबसे नीचे से कार्य करना शुरू करें। लक्ष्य सिद्धि के मार्ग में अनेक कठिनाइयों व अवरोधों का सामना करना पड़ सकता है। ऐसे में छात्र को कार्य व प्रयासों को चुनौती के रूप में लेना चाहिए। चुनौती वह प्रेरक शक्ति है जो लक्ष्यसिद्धि के लिए साहसी, उत्साही और संघर्षशील बनने का आह्वान करती है।

(5) नियोजन या योजना निर्माण– लक्ष्य प्राप्ति के लक्ष्य की ओर जाने की योजना बनाना उपयुक्त होता है। योजना बना लेने से लक्ष्य तक पहुँचने का मार्ग आसान हो जाता है। योजना बनाते समय मार्ग में आने वाले अवरोधों से निबटने के उपाय, प्रयासों व कार्यों की प्राथमिकता का निर्धारण,समय प्रबंधन,सकारात्मक उपायों का अवलंबन, निर्धारित योजना अनुसार प्रयास आवश्यक है। बिना योजना के किया गया परिश्रम प्रायः व्यर्थ जाता है।

(6) असफलता पर पुनर्प्रयास– किसी नाम से असफलता मिलने पर निराश होने के स्थान पर उस असफलता के कारणों पर चिंतन कर उससे सीख लेनी चाहिए तथा पुनः उत्साह के साथ सफलता या लक्ष्य प्राप्ति के प्रयास करने चाहिए। जैसे एक चिड़िया का घोंसला वर्षा–तूफान से बार–बार गिरता है परन्तु वह प्रयास न छोड़कर पुनः प्रयास करती है । नीड़ का निर्माण फिर–फिर ! चींटी दीवार पर चढ़ते समय बार–बार गिरती है परन्तु पुनः प्रयास करते करते वह दीवार पर चढ़ने में सफल होती हैं। इसी प्रकार विद्यार्थी के असफलता के बाद किये गए पुनप्रयास उसे लक्ष्यसिद्धि में मदद करते हैं।

(7) दैनिकी लेखन– लक्ष्य तथा लक्ष्य प्राप्ति के मार्गों से संबंधित दैनंदिनी (डायरी) का लेखन छात्रों को छात्र जीवन से ही प्रारंभ कर देना चाहिए ताकि प्रतिदिन के कार्यों का लेखा–जोखा, सामने आई कठिनाइयाँ तथा उनका हल का अभिलेख तैयार हो। इससे छात्र को पृष्ठपोषण (फीड बैक) मिलेगा तथा लक्ष्य सिद्धि में सफलता के चरण भी ज्ञात होते रहेंगे। आत्मचिंतन का कारगर साधन दैनिकी लेखन है। दैनिकी में अपनी सफलताओं तथा असफलताओं का भी उल्लेख होना चाहिए। प्रतिदिन का लेखन आपको लक्ष्य की ओर निरंतर बढ़ने का उत्साह भी देता रहेगा।

(8) आत्म विश्वास– विद्यार्थी सफल हुए महान व्यक्तियों के जीवन का विश्लेषण करें तो पाएंगे कि उनमें आत्म विश्वास का गुण था जिससे वे अवरोधों के बाद भी लक्ष्य प्राप्त कर सके। लक्ष्य सिद्धि के मार्ग में आयी कठिनाइयों का सामना आत्मविश्वासी व्यक्ति सफलता से करते हैं और अपने लक्ष्य को विस्तृत नहीं होने देते।

(9) कड़ा परिश्रम– लक्ष्य प्राप्ति हेतु कठोर परिश्रम अपेक्षित होता है । कोई भी व्यक्ति किसी कार्य के लिए कठोर परिश्रम नहीं करेगा तो वह उससे अपेक्षित सफलता नहीं पा सकता। लक्ष्य सिद्धि के मार्ग की दुर्गम बाधाएं कठोर परिश्रम से आसान हो जाती हैं। कार्य अधूरे नहीं होने चाहिए तथा परिश्रम के पूर्व यह चिंतन आवश्यक है कि रास्ता लक्ष्य की ओर ले जाने वाला है अथवा नहीं।

23.

Conidia correct pair

Answer»

Conidia are thick-walled, non-motile spores produced in chains over the conidiophores. These are commonly produced by Penicillium.

24.

Are there living beings without cells?

Answer»

Viruses are considered the only living beings that do not have cells. Viruses are constituted by genetic material (DNA or RNA) enwrapped by a protein capsule. They do not have membranes and cell organelles nor do they have self-metabolism.

25.

What is mitosis? What is the importance of mitosis?

Answer»

Mitosis is the process in which one a eukaryotic cell divides into two cells identical to the parent cell (generally identical, since alterations in genetic the material, can occur, more or less organelles may be distributed between the daughter cells, etc.)

Mitosis is fundamental for asexual reproduction of eukaryotes, for the embryonic development, for the growth of pluricellular beings and for tissue renewal.

26.

Why in some cases is mitosis a synonym of reproduction?

Answer»

In some living beings asexual reproduction occurs by any means: binary division, schizogony, budding, grafting, etc. In asexual reproduction of eukaryotes mitosis is the mechanism by which the constituent cells of the new beings are made.

The term mitosis does not apply to prokaryotes since it involves nuclear division and eukaryotic structures.

27.

What is the importance of mitosis for the embryonic development?

Answer»

Every embryo grows from a single cell that suffers mitosis and generates other cells that also divide themselves by mitosis forming tissues and complete organs. The perfect regulation and control of each of those cell divisions are fundamental for the creation of a normal individual. Without mitosis the embryonic development would be impossible.

28.

What are some examples of organs and tissues where mitosis is more frequent, less frequent or practically absent?

Answer»

Generally, invertebrates, mitosis is more frequent in tissues that require intense renewing due to their functions, like epithelial tissues and the bone marrow. In plants the meristem tissue has numerous cells undergoing mitosis.

Mitosis takes place with low frequency in tissues of slow renovation, like the bones in adults and the connective tissues.

In some adult tissues, mitosis is almost absent, like the nervous tissue and the striated muscle tissue (skeletal and cardiac). The nervous tissue develops from the stimulus by the development of new electrical networks between cells and the striated muscle tissue grows by cellular hypertrophy. 

29.

How many cells are made after meiosis I and meiosis II?

Answer»

After meiosis I two cells with already separated homologous are created. After meiosis II four cells are created.

30.

In which meiotic division does the separation of identical chromatids occur? After the end of this process what are the ploidies of the new cells?

Answer»

The separation of identical chromatids occurs in the second meiotic division, or meiosis II. After this cell division (similar to mitosis and that does not alter ploidy) the cells are still haploid (they have become haploid after meiosis I). 

31.

What are the periods of the first meiotic division?

Answer»

Meiosis I is divided into prophase I, metaphase I, anaphase I and telophase I.

32.

What is the difference between sexual spores and gametes? Do humans present sexual spores or gametes?

Answer»

Sexual spores are structures generated from meiosis with ploidy (number of chromosomes) reduction to a half compared to the spore mother cell. Spores germinate and give existence to gametophytes, individuals that by mitosis form gametes. The meiosis that generates sexual spores is called sporic meiosis; it is, for example, the type of meiosis that occurs in plants.

Gametes are also cells with half the number of chromosomes of the normal a cell of the species, but they are specialized in fecundation, the fusion with another gamete that generates the zygote, a cell with double the number of chromosomes than gametic cells. Gametes can appear from gametic meiosis or by mitosis in gametophytes originated from sexual spores.

In humans as well in most animals the meiosis is gametic. There are no spores nor alternation of generations. The male gamete is the sperm cell, and the female gamete is the egg cell.

33.

In which meiotic division does the separation of the homologous occur? What are the ploidies of the generated cells after the end of that process?

Answer»

The separation of the homologous chromosomes occur in the first division of meiosis, or meiosis I. After the end of this cell division two haploid cells are made, each having different chromosomes (with no set of homologous). Note that in the cells generated after meiosis I each a chromosome is still duplicated since the homologous chromosomes and not the identical chromatids were separated.

34.

How does the quantity of genetic material vary within the cell during the sequential phases of the cell cycle?

Answer»

The first period of the first phase (interphase) of the cell cycle is the G1, followed by S and G2 and then by the mitotic phase.

In G1 the ploidy (the number of DNA molecules in the cell) can be represented by the formula 2n (n is the number of DNA molecules in a gamete a cell of a given species). In S DNA duplicates and the number of genetic material increases from 2n to 4n. In G2 that quantity is constant: 4n. After the mitotic phase, the quantity of genetic material decreases to 2n in each daughter cell.

35.

What are the two divisions of meiosis? What are the main events that occur in those divisions?

Answer»

Meiosis is divided into first meiotic division, or meiosis I, and second meiotic division, or meiosis II. During meiosis I the separation of homologous chromosomes occur, with the formation of two haploid cells. In meiosis II there is separation of identical chromatids of each of the two haploid cells created in meiosis I, giving birth to four haploid cells.

Meiosis II is a process identical to mitosis.

36.

Differentiate between peristomium and prostomium in earthworm?

Answer»
PeristomiumProstomium
1. The first segment of the body of earthworm is called peristomium.1. A small flap overhanging the mouth is called prostomium or upper lip.

37.

The kidney of adult mammals is ………(a) Opisthonephron(b) Pronephros (c) Mesonephros (d) Metanephros

Answer»

(d) Metanephros

38.

Deficiency of calciferol causes ……(a) Scurvy (b) Leucopenia (c) Leukaemia (d) Rickets

Answer»

Deficiency of calciferol causes Rickets.

39.

Define macrophages?

Answer»

Macrophages are Immune cells derived from monocytes; engaged in phagocytosis of microbes and debris.

40.

Why is it important for chromosomes to be condensed during mitosis and decondensed during interphase?

Answer»

During mitosis the main problem to be solved is the correct separation of chromosome sets between daughter cells. If chromosomes were decondensed long tiny fibres of DNA would be dispersed in the cytoplasm after the karyotheca breaking and chromosomes could not be easily organized and pulled by the spindle fibres.

During interphase the function of chromosomes, i.e, of DNA molecules, is the synthesis of RNA and thus of proteins. For this task, it is necessary for functional molecular regions to be decondensed (these regions form the euchromatin). During interphase in addition DNA replication occurs as a preparatory step for cell division. In this process it is fundamental for the exposition of DNA molecules to serve as templates to new DNA chains under production.

41.

Is the interphase of meiosis different from the interphase of mitosis?

Answer»

The interphase that precedes meiosis is similar to the interphase that precedes mitosis. In them, the main event is DNA replication (chromosome duplication).

42.

Why mule is sterile in nature?

Answer»

Mule gets one set of chromosomes (32) from male parent, horse and one set of chromosomes (31) from female parent, donkey. These two sets of chromosomes do not match with each other and cannot produce gametes by meiosis. Hence mule is sterile in nature.

43.

Is there interphase again between meiosis I and meiosis II?

Answer»

There is no interphase nor DNA duplication between the divisions of meiosis. Only a short interval called diakinesis occurs.

44.

What are the “chiasms” of homologous chromosomes seen in prophase I?

Answer»

Chiasms are intersections of two tracts in the form of X.

The chiasms seen in prophase I are chromosome arms crossing over same arms of their homologous. In fact when chiasms are seen under the microscope chromatids are exchanging chromosomal segments with other chromatids of its homologous.

45.

What is crossing over? In which period of meiosis does this event occur?

Answer»

Crossing over is the eventual exchange of chromosomal fragments between homologous chromosomes. The phenomenon occurs in prophase I when homologous chromosomes are paired. Crossing over is of great importance for evolution and biodiversity since it provides recombination of alleles (of different genes) linked in the same chromosome during cell division by meiosis.

46.

Rays from Sun converge at a point 15 cm in front of a concave mirror. Where should an object be placed so that size of its image is equal to the size of the object? A. 30 cm in front of the mirror B. 15 cm in front of the mirror C. Between 15 cm and 30 cm in front of the mirror D. More than 30 cm in front of the mirror

Answer»

Correct option is A. 30 cm in front of the mirror

If rays converge at a point 15cm from the mirror, then, 

f = -15 cm 

then, C = -30 cm 

An object kept at C makes an image of the same size as object correct answer – 

(A) 30 cm in front of mirror

47.

Meiosis is the type of cell division which maintain the race. Discuss.

Answer»

Reduces the chromosome number to half, so that chromosome number is maintained in the next generation

48.

It is the inactive stage of cell division but cell differentiation occurs. Name it.

Answer»

G0 Phase /Quiscent stage.

49.

Arrange the following stages of cell cycle in correct sequence S, G2, G1, M.

Answer»

S, M, G1, S, G2

50.

Loamy soil is ideal for crop cultivation – Justify.

Answer»

Loamy soil is ideal soil for cultivation, since it consists of 70% sand and 30% clay or silt or both. It ensures good retention and proper drainage of water. The porosity of soil provides adequate aeration and allows the penetration of roots.