Explore topic-wise InterviewSolutions in .

[A] China

In Floral Print PEONY flower being specific to China.

[C] Ethnic Print

Ethnic Print print comes under Folk Print.

1.Use Air conditioner with doors closed. 

2.Do not keep the door of refrigerator open for too long 

3.Switch off the lights and fans while not in use. 

4.Switch off main plugs(power) of TV, computer and other gadgets.

These are some practices that we can adopt in our daily life to conserve energy.

Maintaining good hygiene includes social benefits such as:

• Caring body regularly can reduce body odour and improve personal appearance, subsequently improving others (employees and guests) perceptions about you.

• Good personal hygiene is also helpful in improving self-image. 

• By being well presented, clean and tidy, people can feel more confident, especially in social situations. 

• Chances of succeeding either in work or social settings can be altered by maintenance of good hygiene.

1. Easy to Carry: It is very convenient to get access to newspapers. It can be easily bought from many places and easily be carried to any place or anywhere. It can be read in the car, train, bus or airplane and at any time.

2. Informative: There are a variety of interesting topics in newspapers appealing to reader of all tastes. Newspapers cover a lot of topics, e.g. international and local news, stories, movies models, food etc. Everyone can choose any topics they like to read.

Correct option is C) reading

• Convenient access: - news papers reach every one even if people do not have an access to computers and the internet. 
• Easy to carry: - It can be bought from many places and easily be carried to anywhere. 
• Economical: - It is a cheap and economical reading material. Although it is cheap, it contains a lot of pages and the amount of information provided by it is quite high. 
• Informative: - newspapers cover a lot of topics like international and local news, stories, movies, food etc. 
• Repeated reference:- It gives a comfort of the repeated references at our leisure time. 
• Comfort to eyes: - Reading news paper gives comfort to eyes as compare to other sources like TV and computer but because of the glare, they strain the eyes.

i) Convenient Access: Everyone does not have an access to personal computers and internet, but the newspapers reach everyone. 

ii) Easy to carry: It can be easily bought from many places and easily be carried to anywhere. 

iii) Economical: The cost of the newspaper is very less. Although it is cheap, It contains a lot of pages and the amount of information provided by it is quite high. 

iv) Comfort to eyes: Other sources like television and internet provides information rapidly but because of the glare, they strain the eyes.

Computer technology plays an important role in the hospitality and tourism industry. Today, most hospitality businesses such as: hotels, motels, food service, and beverage operations are using computers to record, report, and analyze the effectiveness of internal operations.

Housekeeping: Housekeepers use the same software as front desk staff to verify which rooms are checking out and staying over each day. That way, they know which rooms to clean completely and which ones to simply tidy.

Point-of-Sale: Hotels that have a restaurant may employ a computerized point of- sale (POS) system/ terminals and registers that control guest checks, kitchen orders, and guest payments.

Front Desk: Front desk personnel use the software to check-in and check-out of guests and to print off bills. Additionally, they may check the computer to see if a room has been cleaned before checking in a guest.

Reservations: Use of computers has made the reservation or booking of rooms easy. It helps the reservation staff to rapidly check the availability of rooms when the guest calls for reserving a room. Reservation staff uses computer software programs to make reservations.

(1) Ananya wants his parents to be with him to understand him about his decisions regarding ‘What is wrong and what is right’?

(2) Ananya has learnt from his parents about experience that experience generates strength to begin anew after committing mistakes.

(3) In the favour of Asmi’s career selection, Ananya writes to his parents that they should respect her feelings and her wishes.

(4) Ananya believes that their over aspirations might be an obstacle in Asmi’s growth.

(5) When Asmi ventures on the path of life with her own maturity, according to Ananya, his parents should trust in her abilities and give her a little encouragement. It will facilitate her to learn how to respond to changing situations.

Reasons for maintaining personal hygiene in hospitality industry. 

i) Staff of the front office department of a hotel are constantly exposed to guests; a clean appearance helps them to project a good image not only of the staff but of the establishment as well. 

ii) To ensure cleanaliness and to make a positive image for their hotel.

(1) The writer saw a child on a merry-go-round waving at his parents every round. The parents waved back too. This incident ran through the writer’s mind the whole day.

(2) Watching the child on merry-go-round waving to his parents and his parents waving back to him made the writer think, “Where do parents get patience from to express love for their child in trivial activities of life?” This thought motivated the writer to go back to his childhood.

(3) In bringing their children up, their parents had built self-esteem first and then their house. They had finger-paint more and pointed the fingers less. They had done less correcting but more connecting. They had run through more fields and gazed more stars for them.

(4) After entering adolescence, the writer started feeling that ‘growing up’ is quite scary.

(5) According to the writer, responsibilities come as a surprise along with growing age.

Etiquettes and manners are considered as the essential quality of a front office staff. Guests of all status come to stay in the hotel and they are used to good manners and politeness. Especially the star level hotels are the meeting place of the social elites of the society. In this level of environment good manners, courtesy and politeness must be maintained in service. Wishing guest as per time of the day and using magic words to satisfy them are important traits of hotel staff.

It is true that if we want to improve the communication skills in English then reading newspaper is the best option. In newspaper there are many terms which are used at social places. It improves vocabulary skills also. So, newspaper is a good teacher, to improve language skills.

(1) Irrespective to her health, she continued to appreciate nature and small bits of life. This was surprising for the writer.

(2) Even if the writer’s mother could not sit up longer, somehow she managed to write a note to her grandson.

(3) One day, the writer will tell his mother’s grandson about the unimaginable amount of effort his grandmother put into writing the note on his birthday.

(4) When the writer opened the window, the soft scented air spilled in and the writer’s mother felt a little relaxed.

(5) The words: ‘stream of memory ran across’ means ‘recalled many things’.

मुझसे कल बहुत बड़ी भूल हुई।

Shanghai has opened two new metro lines, upholding its rank as the city with the largest Metro network in the world. With the new lines, the total length of Shanghai's metro network has extended to 831 km, continuing to be the longest in the world.

(d) More Different and Distinctive

Answer: Direct action on vascular smooth muscle causing vasodilatation

Answer is : (d)

The Chipko movement was a non-violent agitation in 1973 that was aimed at protection and conservation of trees, but, perhaps, it is best remembered for the collective mobilisation of women for the cause of preserving forests, which also brought about a change in attitude regarding their own status in society. The uprising against the felling of trees and maintaining the ecological balance originated in Uttar Pradesh’s Chamoli district (now Uttarakhand) in 1973 and in no time spilled onto other states in north India. The name of the movement ‘chipko’ comes from the word ’embrace’, as the villagers hugged the trees and encirled them to prevent being hacked.

The Movement took its name from the word ‘Chipko’ which means ‘to hug or to embrace’. The villagers were hugging the trees to prevent them from being felled. The Movement was started in 1970s by the villagers of Uttarakhand (Uttar Pradesh) against indiscriminate cutting and felling of trees in the forests.

The movement began because the Forest department did not allow villagers to use ash trees for making agricultural tools. But the forest department allotted the same to the sports manufacturing company for commercial use. This angered the villagers and protested against this decision. So the villagers including women stepped forward and hugged trees to protect them from being cut down.

The most prominent leaders of this movement were Sunderlal Bahuguna, Gauri Devi and Chandi Prasad. The movement spread far beyond those villages.  They voiced issues of ecological and economic exploitation of the region.

Slogans of the Chipko Movement:

i.                   ‘Ecology is the permanent economy’

ii.                 What the forests bear, ‘soil, water and pure air’

iii.              Trees are like our mothers.

Features or Various aspects of this movement: The various aspects of this Movement were:

1.     It was a people’s movement. It was against issues like:

i.                   Deforestation

ii.                 Alcoholism.

2.     It was an environmental and a livelihood movement.

3.     It was based on non-violent methods

4.     It sought to bring local forests and resources under the control of local communities.

5.     Women’s participation was very important. Women launched a sustained agitation against the habit of alcoholism.

6.     It mobilised environmental activists all across the country.

Impact of Chipko Movement: The impact or achievements of the Chipko movement were:

i.                   The movement achieved success in 1980 when Government banned the felling of trees in the Himalayan region for 15 years, until green cover is fully restored.

ii.                 It attracted national and international attention e.g. mobilised environmental activists

iii.              It gave rise to similar movements in other parts of India like Appiko Movement in Karnataka.

iv.               It sustained over a long period of time without centralised organization.

(c) Britain, France, west Germany

Correct option is: (d) England

Article 226 talks about Public interest litigation. This is to ensure the citizens that they get their rights. In Kerala, there was a strike by government doctors. The Court then asked the government to solve the problem through negotiations. This court interference in the issue was because of Public interest litigation.

The Judiciary in a nation makes sure that there is law and order in the nation and justice prevails there. Although it is considered the 3rd branch of the government, it has equal importance with the other two. The yardstick of a nation’s competence is its judiciary. The Constitution of India has made the Judiciary a free Institution. Judiciary protects the rights of the citizens and it is the guardian of the Constitution.

The laws enacted by the Legislatures are interpreted by the Judiciary. By interpreting the laws, the Judiciary brings in new laws. It is the Judiciary that decides if the laws are vague or anti-Constitutional. It is the duty of the Judiciary to ensure rule of law in the country.

It is the President that appoints the Supreme Court and High Court Judges. After consulting the Chief Justice, the President appoints the other judges of the Supreme Court.

The removal of the Supreme and High Court Judges is done through impeachment. Supreme Court Judges can continue in office until the age of 65. Any judge can resign by giving a letter to the President. The President has the authority to remove Judges on the basis of proven corruption of incompetence. But this can be done only if 2/3 majority of both the Houses with full membership passes a resolution to such an effect and requests the President for the removal of the Judge. Supreme Court Judges get allowances and free accommodation, apart from their salaries.

It is from the Consolidated Fund of India the Judges are given their salaries. The salary and other benefits of a Judge can’t be altered in a way that adversely affects him. The decisions and activities of the Judges done in their official capacity are not subject to any criticism. The Supreme Court has its own secretariat. It is the Chief Justice that appoints officials for the Secretariat. All this is done to keep the Judiciary as an independent and impartial organization.

Judiciary and rights: In jurisprudence, rights and their remedies go hand in hand. 

• Right without remedy is useless. 
• The Constitution has given the rights and the remedies for their violation. 
• Articles 32 and 226 of the Indian Constitution authorizes the Supreme Court and the High Courts to issue orders for the implementation of the rights. 
• The fundament rights given in the 3rd part of the Constitution are to be implemented and the remedies for violation are given in Article 32.
•  Article 32 empowers the citizens to approach the Court to get their fundamental rights implemented. 
• Article 226 empowers the High Courts in the States to issue orders for the implementation of citizens’ rights.

By the independence of judiciary we mean the following: 

a) The Executive and the Legislature should not interfere in the affairs of the judiciary. The judiciary is independent of the Executive and the Legislature. 

b) The decisions of the Judiciary are not to be interfered with. 

c) The Judiciary needs independence to pronounce judgments impartially, without fear or favor. 

d) Judges should have an atmosphere in which they can deliver impartial judgments. By independence of judiciary what is meant is not irresponsible or unilateral actions on the part of the Judiciary. Independent Judiciary is part of the democratic structure of the nation. Democratic values are to be protected. Therefore Judiciary should be loyal to the Constitution, to the democratic traditions and the people. 

How can the independence of the Judiciary be ensured and maintained? 

The independence of the Judiciary can be ensured and maintained by the following means: 

• Mode of appointment 
• Fixed period of tenure of office 
• Financially independent
• Freedom from personal criticism 
• Separation of the Executive and the Judiciary 
• Handsome salary for the Judges 
• Job Security

• Banning meetings in public places. 
• Banning the use of loudspeakers on streets.

These are examples where Judiciary has acted as custodian of public interests.

According to the principle of decentralization of powers, each component of the government has to carry out separate functions. Judiciary has the responsibility of looking at the laws passed by the Parliament and see if they are in keeping with the Constitutional principles. In the modern times, through judicial activism, Judiciary is interfering with the Legislature. But the Parliament has the power to impeach the Judges if they found incompetent or corrupt. In fact, for the Constitution to function smoothly, cooperation between these two organs is essential.

lf the laws passed by the Legislature and implemented by the Executive are found to be contrary to the Constitution, the Judiciary has the right to declare such laws null and void. Using this right the Judiciary protects the rights of the citizens and thus it does a praiseworthy job.

The Constitution has made provisions for keeping the Judiciary independent and impartial. 

They are as follows: 

a) Mode of Appointment of Judges: The Constitution has made provisions to make the appointment of Judges above politics. The Legislature does not have much role in the appointment of Judges. For a person to be appointed as a Judge he should have experience as an advocate. He should be well-versed in law. A person’s politics does not have any role in his appointment as a Judge.

b) Fixed Tenure: The fixed tenure ensures that the Judges can work independently as they can’t be easily removed from their posts. Only in very rare circumstances can a judge be removed. This stability in the job makes them fearless and act judiciously without fear or favor.

c) Financial independence: The Judiciary does not have to depend on the Executive or the Legislature for their financial needs. The Constitution has made the salaries and allowances of the Judges beyond the jurisdiction of the Legislature. It makes the Judiciary independent. Handsome salaries and allowances will help the Judges to be c) Financial independence: The Judiciary does not have to depend on the Executive or the Legislature for their financial needs. The Constitution has made the salaries and allowances of the Judges beyond the jurisdiction of the Legislature. It makes the Judiciary independent. Handsome salaries and allowances will help the Judges to be

d) Freedom from personal criticism: The decisions and activities of the Judge should be from criticism. Judiciary has the power to punish people for contempt of court. It is believed that this provision will protect Judges from unjust criticism. Even the Parliament can’t discuss the behavior of a Judge except as part of his impeachment process. The Judiciary can thus take impartial decisions without being afraid of criticism.

e) Separating the Executive from the Judiciary: This is another way of protecting the freedom of the Judiciary. If his fundamental rights are violated, any person can approach the SC for redress. In the form of Writ, the SC can issue special orders. For defending Fundamental Rights, the SC can issue Habeas Corpus, Mandamus, Prohibition, Quo Warranto and Certiorari. Through these Writs, the Judiciary can give orders to the Executive to take action.

The Supreme Court and High Courts that are Constitutional Courts.

By issuing Writs the Supreme Court can reestablish Fundamental Rights.

Justice T.S. Thakur

For the enforcement of Fundamental Rights, the Supreme Court may issue a  writ .

Correct option is B) at

Correct option is B) at

Correct option is C) in

Correct option is A) at

The budget in normal circumstances, is presented to the Parliament on The last day of February.

Correct option is C) over

(b) Department of Economic Affairs

(c) one year at a time

Correct option is A) in

The members of the Rajya Sabha are elected indirectly.