Sex is of biological nature. Gender is identity as male or female as per social and psychological perceptions learnt through a process of socialisation.

The correct answer is Barchan - A strip of land sloping gently towards the sea.

• Barchan means a crescent-shaped shifting sand dune, as found in the deserts of Turkestan.
• Gulf means a large inlet from the ocean into the landmass.
• Isthmus is a narrow piece of land connecting two larger areas.
• An archipelago is a chain of islands.

Belief in superstition is an example of non-material culture.

The idea of the “Three Orders” was first formulated in France in the early eleventh century.

• It divided society into three classes: those who prayed, those who fought, and those who tilled the land.
• This division of society into “Three Orders” was supported by the Church to consolidate its dominant role in society.
• This helped the emergence of a new warrior group called knights.

Thus, we can say that both statements A and B are true.

• The Church patronised this group and used them to propagate their idea of “Peace of God”.
• The attempt was to direct warriors away from conflict amongst themselves and send them instead on a campaign against the Muslims who had captured the city of Jerusalem. This led to a series of campaigns called the Crusades.
• These campaigns in the service of God and the Church completely altered the status of knights.
• Originally, these knights did not belong to the class of nobles.
• But by the end of the eleventh century in France, and a century later in Germany, the humble origins of these warriors were forgotten.
• By the twelfth century, nobles also wanted to be known as knights  

The correct answer is Haryana.

​

• Sultanpur National Park was earlier known as Sultanpur Bird Sanctuary.
• Sultanpur National Park is in Haryana.
• The area was declared a Bird sanctuary in 1972.
• The Sultanpur Bird Sanctuary became a National Park in 1991.
• Sultanpur is named after the Rajput raja Sultan Singh Chauhan.
• The Kalesar National Park is also situated in Haryana.

The current in series combination is same. So, the ratio of current will be 1 : 1 : 1.

5Ω, 15Ω resistors are connected in series in the circuit. So the resultant resistance of the two = 5 + 15 = 20 Ω.

The above resultant resistance is connected parallel to the 20Ω resistor.

Then the resultant resistance is 1/R = 1/R₁ +1/R₂ = 1/20 +1/20 = 2/20

1/R = 1/10 

R = 10Ω

This above resultant resistance is connected in series to the 10Ω again. 

So the total resultant resistance is 10 + 10 = 20Ω.

The correct answer is No mutual cooperation and respect.

• The Panchsheel Agreement is a set of principles that govern relations between states.
  • It is also known as the Five Principles of Coexistence.
  • It was first codified during an agreement between Indian and China in 1954.
  • It served as the foundation for India-China relations.
  • The Five Principles of the Panchsheel Agreement are:-
    • Mutual respect for each other’s territorial integrity and sovereignty
    • Mutual non-aggression
    • Mutual non-interference in each other’s internal affairs
    • Equality and mutual benefit
    • Peaceful co-existence

Illiteracy means inability of a person to read and write in any language. Amartya Sen described illiteracy as one of unfreedoms.

Causes:

1. Population explosion: India is the second most populous country in the world. It consists of 17.5% of World’s total population. The population of Karnataka has increased to 6.11 crores. Hence, it has become a challenging task for the Government to provide literacy.

2. Poverty: Due to poverty, majority of the children suffer form malnutrition and anaemia. Parents from poor and low income families, find it difficult to send their children to schools.

3. Social backwardness: Hierarchical caste system, inferiority complex among people, ignorance about importance of education, taboos have prevented large number of people from getting literate. Further, a large percentage of girls, particularly in rural areas have been denied access to primary education due to customs, traditions and the practice of gender inequality.

4. Child labour: Prevalence of child labour due to poor socioeconomic conditions is seen all over India. According to National Crime Record Bureau Report, there were 2 crores child labourers, across the country in 2011. They are working in hotels, small scale industries, carpet weaving, fire works, etc. All these hinder them from getting primary education.

5. Poor infrastructure: Most of the schools across the country have no proper buildings, required number of qualified teachers and study materials. The school environment is also not conducive for learning and teaching. There is lack of adequate transport facilities for school children, particularly in the rural areas.

Age structure

Maternal mortality rate

(i) 2^nd period.

(ii) Oxygen. 

It should be placed between Nitrogen and Flourine.

(iii) Flourine 

Electro-negativity 4.0 

(iv) Decreases from left to right.

Youth against corruption: As it is documented in Atharva veda, “The wealth earned through pious means flourisher, those who earn through dishonest means are destroyed. There is also a mention in Kautilya’s Arthashastra about corruption is wide spread all over the world.

India is not an exception, bribery, extortion, fraud, embezzlement, nepotism, cronyism influence peddling, speed money are some of the terms used on par with corruption.

Corruption is derived from the Latin verb ‘rumpere’ meaning to break it means corruption is where the law is clearly broken. As Ram Ahuja opined, the use of public power for Private in the way that constitutes a breach of law or a deviation from the norms of society.

Avasthi and Maheshwari viewed corruption as “The deliberate and international exploitation of one’s position, status or resources directly or indirectly for personal aggrandizement’.

The needs of the hour is to come out of this bane and to have good governance, it requires the following base.

1. Education: Formal and informal education has to encompass not only curricula but also values of life. Schools, colleges and universities while framing curriculum, should focus to motivate both the faculty and pupil to awaken against corruption at different levels. As Kothari Commission rightly observed ‘the destiny of a nation is shaped in the-class room’.

2. Morality: Gandhi in the wake of removal of corruption said ‘On this earth there is enough for everyone’s needs not for greeds. The youth should be able to differentiate need and greed more than 1/2 of the total population in India come in between the age group of 18 to 35. This asset is to be utilized to the core to build a strong India against corruption, which is a white collar criminality. They have to follow the policy of ‘live and let live’.

3. Means and ends: By adopting democratic values, maintaining transparency following peaceful ways and tolerance respecting elders, youth have to fight against corruption.

4. Role models: As Swami Vivekananda gave a clarion call to the youth, “Awake arise and stop not till the goal is reached”. Dr. A.P. J. Abdul Kalam has reached lakhs of students and youth. He called them to get good education, being better human beings and through eradicating corruption attain the best governance.

5. Youth movement: Lokanayak Jayaprakash Narayan the pioneer of the total revolution, inspired youth during 1970’s to revolt against the corrupt administration who travelled all over India to fight against this evil. During 1980’s All Assam Student’s Union (AASU) fought against the corrupt administration which threatened North Eastern States.

Panchasheel continues to be another fundamental principle of Indian foreign policy. An agreement signed between Indian Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru and Chinese Prime Minister Zhow-enLai on April, 29^th 1954, sought to govern the relationship between India and China on the basis of five principles.

1. Mutual respect for each others territorial integrity and sovereignty. 

2. Mutual non-aggression. 

3. Mutual non-interference in each others internal affairs. 

4. Equality and mutual benefits. 

5. Peaceful coexistence.

It is a principle of peaceful co-existence with other countries, it guided the basis of relationship between 1954-57 marked by numerous visits and exchanges. This period is described as SinoIndian honeymoon.

b) Differences rather than inequalities

Globalisation is the process of intergrating the economy of the country with world economy. It is a movement towards greater interaction. Integration and interdependence among people and organisation across borders. The strongest manifestion of Globalisation has been the increasing economics intergration among the countries in trade and investment.

An important attribute of globalization is the increasing degree of openness, which has three dimensions, ie. international trade, international investment, and international finance. It involves creation of networks and activities transcending economic, social and geographical boundaries. The Economy of India had undergone significat policy shifts in the beginning of the 1990’s. This new model of economic reforms is commonly known as the liberalization, privatizaton and globalisation(LPG) model.

The chain of reforms that took place with regard to business, manufacturing and financial industries targeted at strengthening the economy of the country to a more proficient level. These economic reforms had influenced the overall economic growth of the country in a significant manner.

In brief, the salient points of Globalisation are:

1. Efficiency. 

2. Transfer of technology. 

3. Concept of a global village. 

4. Mobility of labour force. 

5. Global competion resulting in better performance. 

6. Outsourcing and 

7. Optimum utilization of human resources.

The political implications of globalisation are as follows:

1. Power subjugation: The effects of globalisation has brought a lot of changes in the world economy. For small countries, it is inevitable to accept the economic decisions of big countries, which leads to power subjugation.

2. Affects the sovereignty: As a result of globalisation in the fields of economy, trade, transportation, etc., the sovereign countries are bound by the decisions of stronger countries. Hence it affects the sovereignty of a country in totality.

3. Cultural invasion: Culture is a complex, wholesome and exclusive to each country. The influence of globalisation in the name of cultural exchange not only invades but also degenerates the youth who are the architects of the future.

4. Enslavement of lifestyle: Globalisation has largely affected the younger generation. Food habits, general behaviour, mutual relationship, respect to elders, human values and ultimately the whole generation has become slave in the clutches of globalisation.

5. Elimination of subsidies: The major impact of globalisation is the curtailment of subsidies to all sectors including agriculture, in a phased manner. The worst hit are the peasants who are the backbone of the country.

6. Political Instability: The impact of globalisation mainly is economic depression, boom or even recession which directly affects the political stability of a country. Hence development comes to a stand still. Thus globalisation as a process of integrating the economy of the country with world economy has gone a long way.

• face the risk that majority community will capture political power. 
• use the state machinery to suppress their religious or cultural institutions and force them to abandon their distinctive identity.

Process of evaporation is affected by surface area, wind speed, humidity and temperature. 

Ex : 

(1) The water kept in a china dish evaporates faster then in a cup because of more surface area. 

(2) Water in wet clothes are kept under fan evaporates faster than in normal conditions. 

(3) Water in wet clothes evaporates faster on a less humid day than on a more humid day.

Cultural identities are very powerful and arouse intense passion. 

• able to mobilize large number of people. 
• sometimes cultural differences are accompanied by economic and social inequalities which provoke opposition from other communities. 
• situation becomes worse when resources like river, water, govt jobs have to be shared.

(c) Cultural identities are not significant.

There is a close correlation between disability and poverty.

Social exclusion refers to ways in which individuals may become cut off from full involvement in the wider society.

The following were the effects of the Great Depression on the Indian economy. 

(a) The depression in economy immediately affected Indian Trade, as India’s exports and imports nearly halved between 1928-1934. 

(b) Agriculture prices fell sharply and the colonial government refused to reduce revenues. 

(c) Peasants producing for the world markets were worst hit. 

(d) Raw jute was produced, processed in the industries to make gunny bags. Its exports collapsed and prices fell by 60%. Peasants of Bengal fell into debt traps. 

(e) Peasants used up their savings, mortgaged lands and sold their precious jewellery to meet their expenses.

Economic development is a sustained increase in real per capita income that promotes economic welfare by reducing poverty, unemployment and inequalities in distribution of income. The two basis of measuring economic development are: 

(a) Quality of life and environmental sustainability 

(b) Per capita income.

Consumer Protection Act, 1986 is an Act of the Parliament of India enacted in 1986 to protect the interest of consumers in India. It makes provision for the establishment of consumer councils and other authorities for the settlement of consumers’ disputes and for matters connected therewith. Advantages: 

(a) It allows redressal of consumer queries. 

(b) It allows the consumers to enjoy various consumer rights. 

(c) It allows consumers to pressurize the producers as well as government to ensure moral business conducts.

The supervision of the functioning of formal sources of loans is necessary to check 

(a) whether the banks actually maintain the cash balance. 

(b) whether the banks give loans not just to profit-making businesses and traders but also to small cultivators, small-scale industries and small borrowers. 

(c) how much banks are lending, to whom and at what interest rate.

Governments try to attract more foreign investment due to following reasons. 

(a) It helps in improving the financial position of the people by accelerating growth of the economy. 

(b) It creates new job opportunities in the country, directly as well as indirectly in support services such as transportation. 

(c) The government gains from additional taxes levied on the profits made from the foreign investments. 

Characteristics of democracy : 

(a) Democratic governments have formal Constitution, while it is not the case in other forms of governments. 

(b) They hold regular elections, while it is not the case in other forms of governments. 

(c) They have political parties, whereas there is no such thing in other forms of governments.

(d) They guarantee rights to citizens, while it is not the case in the other form of governments. 

(e) Such governments allow room to correct mistakes, while it is not there in the other form of government. 

(f) Such government accommodates social diversities, while no such thing in other forms of government.

Amritsar

Dandi

Madras

Removing barriers or restrictions set by the government is known as liberalisation. 

Effects of liberalisation on the Indian economy : 

(a) Barriers to foreign trade and foreign investment were partially removed. 

(b) Goods could be imported and exported easily.

(c) Foreign companies could Set-up factories and offices here. 

(d) Indian producers got opportunities to compete with producers around the globe.

Development that satisfies the needs of the present without compromising the capacity of future generations, guaranteeing the balance between economic growth, care for the environment and social well-being.

Positive effects of globalization on the Indian economy: 

(a) Higher standard of living in urban areas. 

(b) The impact has not been uniform among producers and workers. 

(c) There is greater choice before the consumers who now enjoy improved quality and lower prices for several products. 

(d) MNCs have increased their investments in India leading to more job opportunities. 

(e) Globalisation has enabled some large Indian companies to emerge as MNCs themselves like Tata Motors, Infosys, Ranbaxy, Asian Paints etc. 

(f) Globalisation has also created new opportunities for companies providing services particularly those involving IT(Information Technology). For example : The Indian company producing a magazine for the London based company and call centres. 

(g) Local companies supply raw materials to foreign industries and have prospered.

A business plan is a detailed plan of what an entrepreneur wants to achieve through the business and how it will be achieved.

• Decision making -An entrepreneur makes decisions every day. Including what to produce or sell, how much and where to sell.
• Managing business- An entrepreneur plans the future of his or her business

• Take risk. An entrepreneur takes risks against fires, lost items and theft. 
• Create a new idea or method-An entrepreneur is always trying new things

The reasons that forced America to withdraw from the Vietnam war were : 

(i) Various countries of the world strongly criticised the US intervention in the internal affairs of Vietnam. 

(ii) When the youth were drafted for the war the anger spread. 

(iii) The US had a huge loss of men and money, though it caused great destruction in North Vietnam through bombardment. 

(iv) Hollywood made films in support and against of the war. 

(v) About 47,244 died and 303,704 were injured in the war. 

(vi) As a result, the US was compelled to start the withdrawal of its troops in April 1975.

• Promotes sustainable development 
• Promotes a healthy environment 
• Provides for effective resource utilizations.

(i) Worried by the developments of the Civil Disobedience Movement, the colonial government began arresting the Congress leaders one by one. This led to violent clashes in many places. 

(ii) When Abdul Gaffar Khan a devout disciple of Mahatma Gandhi, was arrested in April 1930, angry crowds demonstrated in the streets of Peshawar (now in Pakistan), facing armoured cars and police firing. Many were killed. 

(iii) A month later, when Mahatma Gandhi himself was arrested, industrial workers in Sholapur attacked police ports, municipal buildings, law courts and railway stations-all structured that symbolised British rule. 

(iv) A frightened government responded with a policy of brutal repression. 

(v) Peaceful satyagrahis were attacked, women and children were beaten and about 100,000 people were arrested.

Role of chemical industries in the Indian economy : 

(i) It is a fast growing and diversifying industry in India. 

(ii) It contributes approximately 3% of the GDP.

(iii) It is the third largest in Asia and the twelfth largest in the world in term of its size. 

(iv) It comprises both large and small-scale manufacturing units. 

(v) Rapid growth has been recorded in both inorganic and organic sector.

Any of the following ways: 

1. Reusing paper, glass, plastic, water, etc. 

2. Taking cloth bags to market 

3. Repair leaking taps and pipes to avoid wasting water.

Reasons for conservation : 

(a) The strong dependence of industry and agriculture upon minerals. 

(b) The process of mineral formation is slow. 

(c) They are non-renewable

Methods to conserve : 

(a) Minerals should be used in a planned and sustainable manner. 

(b) Improved technology needs to be constantly evolved to allow use of low grade ore at low cost. 

(c) Recycling of metals using scrap metals. 

(d) Wastage in the mining and processing should be minimised.

Life on earth originated in sea water.

The earliest life forms we know of were microscopic organisms (microbes) that left signals of their presence in rocks about 3.7 billion years old. The signals consisted of a type of carbon molecule that is produced by living things.

Steps required for the conservation of land resources are:

• Afforestation
• Proper management of grazing and wastelands
• Control on unrestricted mining
• Proper treatment of industrial effluents

Geography is a discipline of synthesis. It attempts spatial synthesis, and history attempts temporal synthesis. Its approach is holistic in nature. It recognises the fact that the world is a system of interdependencies. The present world is being perceived as a global village.

Tsunami are waves caused by sudden movement of the ocean surface due to earthquakes, landslides on the sea floor, land slumping into the ocean, large volcanic eruptions or meteorite impact in the ocean.

earthquake

or 

landsides

Given:

Numbers are 3, 18 and 7

Formula Used:

When a, b, c and d are in proportion, it is written as

a : b ∷ c : d

⇒ a/b = c/d

⇒ ad = bc

Calculation:

Let the fourth proportional be x

3 ∶ 18 ∶∶ 7 ∶ X

⇒ 3/18 = 7/X

⇒ X = 6 × 7 = 42

Concept Used:

When 2 trains run in opposite direction, then

Relative speed is Sum of speeds of 2 trains.

Formula Used:

Speed = Distance/Time

1 minute = 60 seconds

Calculations:

Statement I.

Distance between the two trains is given. No other relation is there

So, Statement I alone is not sufficient to answer the question

Statement II.

Relative speed = (29 + 36) m/s = 65 m/s

Distance = 65 × 69 × 60 = 269100 m = 269.1 km 

⇒ Just before 69 minutes the trains will be 269.1 km apart.

⇒ Statement II alone is sufficient to answer the question.

∴ The statement II alone is sufficient to answer the question but, statement I alone is not sufficient.

Given :

There is a simple mathematical operation 14, 18, 20, 24, 30, 32 related to prime numbers 

Calculations :

As the given series is related to prime numbers, we need to see the relation of it with the prime numbers 

When we look at the series we can see all numbers come after a prime number 

Series relation with prime be like (13)14, (17)18, (19)20, (23)24, (29)30, (31)32 

Here we can see these numbers are coming after a prime number which is in order,

So the next number will be the number after the next prime number,

The next prime number after 31 will be 37 

So the next number for the given series will be 38 

∴ The next number will be 38