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1. Needs and wants:
Need: A state of felt deprivation or feeling of being deprived of something. Want: Culturally defined object that is potential satisfie of need. Marketer’s Job: Identify needs and full  them.
2. Creating a market offering : Complete offer for a product of service.
3. Customer value : greatest benefit or value for the money.
4. Exchange mechanism : Exchange of products/services for money/for something of value to them.

1. To ensure availability of funds whenever required. 

2. To see that the firm does not raise resources unnecessarily.

1. Right to Safety 

2. Right to be informed

1. Brand name helps in advertising it in an easier way.
2. Brand name establishes permanent identity of the product.
3. Branded products can be easily identified by consumers.
4. Brand name promotes repurchasing.
5. Branding ensures a particular level of quality of the product: If there is any deviation in the quality the customers can make a complaint to the manufacturer.

Advertising is an impersonal form of communication, which is paid for by the sponsors to promote some goods or services. 

The important features of advertising are as follows: 

1. Paid form: advertising is a paid form of communication. The sponsor has to bear the cost of communicating with the prospects. 

2. Impersonality: There is no direct face – to – face contact between the prospect and the advertiser. It is therefore, referred to as impersonal method of promotion. 

3. Identified sponsor: Advertising is undertaken by same identified individual or company, who makes the advertising efforts and also bears the cost of it.

The marketing mix is described as the set of marketing tools that a firm uses to pursue its marketing objectives in a target market. This term marketing mix is given by Neil H Borden. It is the combination of four inputs namely product, price, promotion and place.

Budgetary control is a technique of managerial control in which all operations are planned in advance in the form of budgets and actual results are compared with budgetary standards. This comparison reveals the necessary actions to be taken so that organisational objectives are accomplished.

A budget is a quantitative statement foe a definite future period of time for the purpose of obtaining a given objective. It is a statement which reflects the policy of that particular period. It will contain figures of forecasts both in terms of time and quantities. However, the effectiveness of budgeting depends on how accurately estimates have been made about future. Flexible budgets should be prepared which can be adopted if forecasts about future turn out to be different, especially in the face of changing environmental forces. Managers must remember that budgeting should not be viewed as an end but a means to achieve organisational objectives.

Marketing management is defined as, “the art and science of choosing target markets and getting, keeping and growing customers through creating, delivering and communicating superior customer values of management”.

Marketing mix is described as the set of marketing tools that a firm uses to pursue its marketing objectives in a target market. This term marketing mix is given by Neil H Borden. It is the combination of four inputs namely product, price, promotion and place.

• Determining the amount of funds to raised from different source of finance.
• Also determine the overall cost of capital and finial paste of the enterprise.

1. Personal observation 

2. Break even analysis.

Traditional techniques of management control:

1. Personal observation

2. Statistical reports

3. Break even analysis

4. Budgetary control 

• Budgetary as a plan represent a statement of anticipated inflows and expected outflows expressed numerically.
• Breakeven point is point of no profit no loss

Leadership is the ability of influencing people to strive willingly for group objectives. 

It refers to the organization structure which is designed by the management to accomplish a particular task.

Controlling compare annual performance with standard performance, finding out deviation and take corrective action.

• Planning is a Primary & fundamental function in the process of management. 
• Planning is a Decision mapping process where by best action chosen among various alternatives. 

Supervision.

It involves procurement and utilization out their operation effectively & efficiently.

Difficulty in setting quantitative standards.

(d) Control each other

Money required for carrying out business activities is called business finance.

Publicity is the movement of information to general public from the media to create image or awareness of goods or services.

Stock exchange/stock market.

Correct option (1) SO₂

Explanation:

High concentration of SO₂ leads to stiffness of flower buds which eventually fall off from plants.

First aids are the emergency measures to be followed at the time of disaster before the medical help arrives. Basic Principles of First-Aid are:

Airway: If a person faces difficulty in breathing, raise the chin or hold the head in a backward sloping position, so as to keep the respiratory passage open.
Breathing: If the person has stopped breathing, give artificial respiration mouth to mouth.

Circulation: If the person is unconscious, first give mouth to mouth respiration. If the person doesn't revive, perform CPR (cardio-pulmonary resuscitation) by pressing the heart hard using both palms. Repeat these two steps alternately after every 15 minutes.

A complaint before the appropriate consumer forum can be made by : 

(a) Any consumer 

(b) Any registered consumer’s association 

(c) The Central Government or any State Government. 

(d) One or more consumers, on behalf of numerous consumers having the same interest.

(e) A legal heir or representative of a deceased consumer.

Consumer protection Act was passed in the year 1986.

Privatisation means giving greater role to private sector and reducing role of public sector in nation building process.

Indications for insulin

• Type 1 diabetes.
• Type 2 diabetes.
• Insulin resistance.
• Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA)
• Gestational diabetes.
• Diabetes treatment during pregnancy.

A person who sets up a business or business, taking or financial risks in the hope of profit.

This a is shorter route at horizontal level has been provided so that communication is not delayed in case of emergency

Mental revolution involves a change in the attitude of workers and management towards one another from competition to cooperation.

Correct option  (4) Al < Ga < ln < Tl

Explanation:

As we move down the group (13th, 14th, 15th); (Max. oxidation state-2) becomes more stable due to inert pair effect. 

1. Survival 

2. Profit

Management must ensure 

- Survival – Earn enough profit to compensate cost.

- Profit – management must ensure that the organization makes a profit, which an incentive against risk.

The correct option (4) Histidine   

Explanation:

Most basic Amino acid is Histidine.

1. Survival 

2. Profit

The new set of economic reforms aimed at giving greater role to the private sector in the nature building process and a reduced role to the public sector is known as privatisation.

Gangplank is a shorter route in a scalar chain that allows employees at the same level to communicate with each other directly Gangplank is used-in case of emergency.

A. A paid form of communication

A. Below-the-line

Correct answer is B. Ambient

Once Doouglas’ father took him to a beach in California where he was knocked down by strong waves and got breathless. Secondly, a boy tossed Douglas into the deep end of the YMCA pool. He tried hard to come out of it but fell unconscious after some time.

(C) Both Statement 1 and Statement 2 are true 

After the instructor had trained Douglas in the art of swimming, Douglas felt parts of the fear now and then. So, he went to Lake Wentworth and swam across to the other shore and back. This way he conquered his fear.