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i. Five Star Deluxe Hotels (International Hotels) - These are the modern western style usually located in the metropolitan cities and at primary tourist destinations. Such hotels have large number of rooms normally ranging between 200 to1000 rooms. They are categorised by certain internationally accepted system of classification and standard which includes various facilities and services, restaurants, particular size of rooms, lobby, bathrooms, business centre facilities, swimming pool and other luxurious services  

ii. First Class Hotels (A-Class Hotels) - These are a luxurious hotel that contains the most of the facilities that are provided in the Five Star hotels. 

iii. Commercial Hotels - These hotels cater primarily to people who are visiting a place for commerce or business. Commercial hotels are located in important commercial and industrial centres of large cities. 

iv. Resort Hotels - These hotels are located near mountains, beaches and other areas abounding in natural beauty. Resort hotels cater to the needs of the holiday maker, the tourist and those, who by reasons of health, desire a change of atmosphere. Rest, relaxation and entertainment are the key factors around which resorts are built. 

v. Apartment Hotels - A hotel that rents furnished accommodation as a long term residence from months up to several years and usually provides all hotel services. These hotels are suitable for those who need to stay far from home for a long time. The prices in apartment hotels are often lower than in ordinary hotels. Apartment hotels are located in big cities and operate exclusively under European plan where no meals are provided to the guests. 

vi. Floating Hotels - These hotels are located on the surface of the sea, river or lake water. House boats of Kashmir and Kerala which are very popular among tourists are the best examples of floating hotels. In some countries old luxury ships have been converted into floating hotels and cater the demand of large number of tourists. 

vii. Heritage Hotels - Heritage hotels are old monuments or palaces converted into hotels which offer a royal experience to its guest. In India heritage hotels’ cover running hotels in palaces/castles/forts/ have lies/hunting loges/ residence of any size built prior to 1950.

This type of tour is mostly conducted with fixed itinerary and it is an escorted tour with much highlight on common interest places.

• Customized or Tailor-made package is designed for the Free Independent Traveler (FIT) or Group Inclusive Tour (GIT). 
• In most cases, packages are customized with personalized services for the FIT category of customers. 
• The FITs make free movement of travel across destinations with the intention of exploring new places and attractions as per their convenience. 
• The FITs are novelty seekers and can manage in any hostile environment with basic facilities and amenities.

The pricing strategies are:

1. Cost based pricing- this is used to make over the cost in order to reach at the breakeven point. 

2. Competition based pricing- this pricing strategy takes tab of the prices of its competitors in order to tag the price of its own product. 

3. Consumer based pricing- this type of pricing is primarily set to target customers by taking the affordability and the quality of purchase into considerations. 

4. Rack rate pricing: it is a full rate before discounts are given. 

5. Seasonal pricing: a wide mix of pricing of package is set to cater low, high and shoulder seasons as tourism is largely driven by the season. 

6. Last minute pricing- it is common method of giving discount from the daily coated prices in order to close bookings. 

7. Per person pricing and Per unit pricing.

Pricing Strategies 

Tourism products are rarely identical, often because of location, but also because of the people and the components that make up the experience provide to a traveler. Even star ratings for accommodation only give a general guide for travellers on what the pricing will be – there are not set criteria. There are three types of traditional pricing strategies in tour operation business. 

Cost-Based Pricing: 

This type of pricing strategy is used to make over the cost in order to reach at the breakeven point. It calculates the average cost of each element of services in the package tour and it adds a markup over and above the average cost to earn profit. Thomos cook and the Oberio Hotel were used to be known for adopting the cost-based pricing strategy as there were no competitors to them. 

Competition-Based Pricing: 

This pricing strategy takes tab of the prices of its competitors in order to tag the price of its own product. There is a marginal difference in the price of outbound package tour of SOTC and Cox & Kings. 

Consumer-Based Pricing: 

This is a form of pricing that is primarily set to target customers by taking the affordability and the quantity of purchase into considerations. Gone are the days, it was producer dominated market; it is now consumer-driven and led market. All package tours are designed after assessing the market. 

Rack Rate Pricing: 

It is full rate before discounts are given. It is generally printed in the tour brochures for the forthcoming season. 

Seasonal Pricing: 

A wide mix of pricing of package tour is set to cater low, high and shoulder seasons as tourism is largely driven by the season. 

Last Minute Pricing: 

It is a common method of giving discounts from the daily quoted prices in order to close bookings. It is put into the flash items in the websites for the last minutes booking. In the group travel, tour operators offer some additional services or discount in the prices to get minimum booking to operate the tour. 

Per Person Pricing: 

This type of pricing is set per person or for each category service. It can be per adult or child or additional person. It can be a taxi at the disposal of customers. 

Per Unit Pricing: 

It is set of price for one unit of package. It may include husband and wife with children (cost free). Sometimes, the package includes room, transfer and sightseeing cost. The room rate generally includes breakfast as per the European Plan (EP).

Correct option is C) out

Log Book is used by telephone operator for conveying information from one shift to another shift.

a) zero level channel 

1) a. k. a direct channel

2) no middlemen 

3) co. sells directly to customers through its own retail outlets 

b) only financially sound companies can adopt this channel of distribution 

c) Advantages 

1) complete control over the product 

2) trade secrets can be easily protected

The component of tour package are as follows:

Accommodation: Accommodation is an important component of package tour and it constitutes almost one third cost of package. The star hotels, business hotels, resorts and international hotels are the conventional accommodation.

Sightseeing Tour: It is an integral part of a package tour as it offers conducted tours to the places of tourist interest in the cities. Tour operators arrange for more activities in the sightseeing or excursion tours.

Airlines: An airline is the most important component in the tour package segment. This includes domestic and international flight tickets with on-board services.

Railways: Tour operators include the train travel and other on-board services in domestic sector. It is an important mode of travel to reach various off-the-beaten-track destinations.

Car Rental Service: Luxury car service is an important element of package tour as it is primarily needed at the time of arrival, departure and sightseeing.

Insurance: Tour packages are insured for compensation to the tour operators or guests in the event of cancellation. Thus, insurance is included in the package tour.

Event Services: Tour operators take the services the MICE operators for the purpose of booking venues, food, conference kits, and pre & post-conference sightseeing programmers.

Correct option is B) down

Correct option: d) All of the above

1) reliability 

2) access 

3) security 

4) credibility 

5) understanding the customer

Communication is the act of conveying meanings from one entity or group to another using mutually understood signs, symbols, and semiotic rules.

Emotional Barriers – If one is consumed with emotion he will have difficulty in understanding what is communicated. Hostility, anger, fear and other emotions make it hard to hear outside one’s own self. 

Attitudinal Barriers – These are those behaviors or perceptions that are divisive in nature – the ones that can lead to nagging doubt, sullen disagreement or even overt conflict.

Communication is the act of conveying meanings from one entity or group to another through the use of mutually understood signs, symbols, and semiotic rules.

An attitudinal complaint is about impolite, unprofessional and indifferent behavior of staff members of the hotel.

The Aggressive Customer: 

The Aggressive Customer will loudly voice any complaints and will not accept excuses. How to Respond: Thank the customer for sharing their concern and listen. Be polite, agree on the definition of the problem, and explain what's being done to resolve the situation and when. The Risk: In heated customer situations, it's easy to become confrontational. Thanking the customers for sharing their concerns will make them feel that the staff members are sincerely interested in hearing what they have to say. 

The Chronic Complainer Customer: 

The Chronic Complainer Customer is never happy and continuously reports issues. How to Respond: It is the responsibility of staff to provide excellent support to the Chronic Complainer. Since the guest wants an apology, listen respectfully, be sympathetic and make an honest effort to correct the situation. The Risk: It's very likely that the Chronic Complainer will contact support again. This type of customer will accept and appreciate your efforts to fix the situation.

(i) How does it help? 

(ii) will I lose the remaining few strands of hair?

(iii) That I’ll know only after using it. Okay, let me try.

Spreadsheet is the software that helps in performing calculations using formulae and in analyzing the data.

Open Office Calc is software that helps in performing calculations using formulae and in analysing data.

The Chronic complainer customer is never happy and continuously reports issues.

• SABRE 
• Galileo International

To see the information on the various websites, you need an Internet Browser. An Internet Browser is an application or a software program on your computer or laptop which helps you visit the various websites. Some examples of browsers are Google Chrome, Mozilla Firefox and Internet Explorer.

Searching for information: Do the steps below to search for information on the Internet.

• Open an Internet browser
• Type the topic, on which you want information, in the search box and hit the Enter key.
• The search results having the required information will be displayed.

1. Ability to take up risks 

2. Believe in hard work and discipline 

3. Adaptable and flexible to achieve the goals of enhancing quality and customer satisfaction 

4. Knowledge of the product and services and their need or demand in the market 

5. Financial literacy and money manag

Both lamarckism and darwinism are evolutionary theories as opposed to fixism, both admit the existence of processes that caused changes in the characteristics of the living beings in the past.

They have however different explanations for those changes. Lamarckism combines the law of use and disuse with the law of the transmission of acquired characteristics to explain the changes. Darwinism defends the action of the natural selection.

Pollination: Process by which pollen is transferred from the anther (male part) to the stigma (female part) of the plant. 

Mechanism which favour cross-pollination 

1. Bisexual flowers: When both male and female parts are present on the different flowers than it promote the cross pollination. For example, castor, papaya 

2. Dichogamy: Sometimes male or female mature slightly atdifferent times this nature is called dichogamy which favour the cross pollination and in this process if male part (Anther) of flower matures first then it is called protandry (eg. Maize) while, if female partmature (ovary) first then flower is to be called protogyny in nature. E.g., bajra 

3. Herkogamy: In this types of mechanism some structures prevent the self-pollination and promote cross pollination in bisexual flowers.eg. Alfa alfa 

4. Male sterility: Male sterility is defined as an absence or non-function of pollen grain in plant or incapability of plants to produce or release functional pollen grains and this mechanism promote the cross pollination. Eg. Cotton, Bajra etc. 

5. Self-Incompatibility: It refers to the failure of pollen to fertilize the same flower or other flower of the same plant, or it is the failure of pollen tube to penetrate the full length of style and effect fertilization. For example, mustard, cauliflower & cabbage etc.

Biofertilizer: Biofertilizers are the substances that contain microorganism’s living or latent cells. Biofertilizers increases the nutrients of host plants when applied to their seeds, plant surface or soil by colonizing the rhizosphere of the plant. Biofertilizers are more cost-effective as compared to chemical fertilizers. 

Examples: Rhizobium, Azotobacter, Azospirillum and blue green algae(BGA) are some Biofertilizers. Rhizobium inoculant is used for leguminous crops such as pulses. Azotobacter can be used with crops like wheat, maize, mustard, cotton, potato and other vegetable crops.

Amount = Rs [7500*(1+(4/100) 2 ] = Rs (7500 * (26/25) * (26/25)) = Rs. 8112. 

therefore, C.I. = Rs. (8112 - 7500) = Rs. 612.

The correct answer is Only b.

• Mica is used in the iron for pressing clothes since Mica is a good conductor of heat.
• Mica is a bad conductor of electricity and can endure high temperatures.
• They are heat tolerant, insulating and dielectric.
• Because of these properties they are used in electrical appliances.
• Hence correct answer is Only b.

• Mica is a naturally occurring element.
• It is optically flat, translucent, elastic in nature.
• Its composition is silicate, aluminium, potassium, manganese, water and iron.
• It contains the highest amount of silica and so is the most preferred mineral in industries and in other personal applications.
• Mica is a bad conductor of electricity and can endure high temperatures.   
• Uses of mica mineral:
  • Mica is a non-toxic mineral.
  • It is one of the important ingredients in makeup and various cosmetics.
  • It gives a shimmery effect and adds sparkle.
  • It gives a glowing effect with a natural finish.
  • There are no side effects and suits for all types of skin.
• Uses of mica powder:
  • To have an attractive background for your scrapbook mix water and mica powder and spray it on the scrapbook.
  • Mix in oil paint to give extra painting effects. 
• Uses of mica capacitor:
  • These are also called silver mica capacitors.
  • They offer stability, high precision and reliability.
  • There are various two types of mica capacitors with different applications like – coupling circuits, cable TV amplifiers, resonance circuits, defence electronics, time constant circuits etc.
• Uses of mica sheet:
  • Mica can be made into thin sheets. They are heat tolerant, insulating and dielectric. Because of these properties they are used in electrical appliances. They are used in control devices, heating devices, neon lights and other lighting equipments.

‘Scientia’ means ‘to know’.

\(\cfrac{a}{(x-b)}+\cfrac{b}{x-a}\) = 2

\(\cfrac{a(x-a)+b(x-b)}{{(x-b)}(x-a)}\) = 2

a(x − a) + b(x − b) = 2(x − a)(x − b)

ax − a² + bx − b² = 2(x² − bx − ax + ab)

(a + b)x − a² − b² = 2x² − 2(a + b)x + 2ab = 0 

−2x² + (a + b)x + 2(a + b)x − a² − b² − 2ab = 0

2x² − (a + b)x − 2(a + b)x + (a + b)² = 0 

2x(x − (a + b)) − (a + b)(x − (a + b)) = 0 

(x − (a + b))(2x − (a + b)) = 0

x − (a + b) = 0 or, 2x − (a + b) = 0 

x = (a + b),x = \(\cfrac{a+b}2\)

∴x = (a + b) \(\cfrac{(a+b)}2\)

ax + by  = 5---(1)

ax² + by² = 10---(2)

ax³ + by³ = 50---(3)

ax⁴ + by⁴ = 130---(4)

From (2),

ax² + by² = 10

⇒ (ax² + by²) (x + y) = 10(x + y)

⇒ ax³ + by³ + ax²y + bxy² = 10(x + y)

⇒ 50 + xy(ax + by) = 10(x + y) (From (3))

⇒ 50 + 5xy = 10(x + y)---(5) From (1)

From (3),

ax² + by³ = 50

⇒ (ax³ + by³)(x + y) = 50 (x + y)

⇒ 130 + (ax² + by²)xy = 50 (x + y) From (4)

⇒ 130 + 10xy = 50(x + y)----(6)

Now, (6) - 2 x (5), we get

130 + 10xy - (100 + 10xy) = 50(x + y) - 20(x + y)

⇒ 130 - 100 = 30(x + y)

⇒ x + y = 30/30 = 1

⇒ x + y = 1

Put x + y = 1 in equation (5) we get

50 + 5xy = 10

⇒ 5xy = 10 - 50 = -40

⇒ xy = -40/5 = -8

From (1), ax + by = 5

⇒ (ax + by)(x + y) = 5(x + y)

⇒ ax² + by² + axy + bxy = 5  (\(\because\) x + y = 1) 

⇒ 10 + xy (a + b) = 5 (From (2))

⇒ 10 - 8(a + b) = 5 (\(\because\) xy = -8)

⇒ a + b = \(\frac{5-10}{-8}\) = \(\frac{-5}{-8}\) = \(\frac58\) 

Now, 13 (x + y - xy) - 120(a + b) = 13(1 - (-8)) -120 x \(\frac58\)

  =  13 x 9  - 15 x 5 = 117 - 75 = 42

Correct answer is (C) 1/4

Correct answer is (A) 7/40

f(x) = sin²x − 3cos ²x + 2ax − 4

∴ f'(x) = 2 sin x cos x + 3 cos x sin x + 2a

= 5 sin x cos x + 2a

= 5/2 sin 2x + 2a

Given that f(x) is increasing for all values of x.

∴ f'(x) ≥ 0 for all values of x.

⇒ 5/2 sin 2x + 2a ≥ 0 for all values of x.

⇒ -5/2 + 2a ≥ 0 (∵ -1 ≤ sin 2x ≤ 1)

⇒ 2a ≥ 5/2

⇒ a ≥ 5/4

⇒ a ∈ [5/4, ∞) then given function f(x) is increasing for all values of x.

The correct answer is option (4) i.e. Jairamdas Daulatram.

• Jairamdas Daulatram was very dear to Mahatma Gandhi and he was described as the 'Lamp in the Desert' by Sarojni Naidu.
• Bihar and Orissa separated from Bengal Presidency in 1912 as a single province and later Orissa became a separate province under the Government of India Act of 1935 and thus Bihar became an administrative unit of British India.
• At the time of Independence in 1947, the State of Bihar, with the same geographic boundary, formed a part of the Republic of India, until 1956.
• In 1956, an area in the south-east, predominantly the district of Purulia, was separated and incorporated into West Bengal as part of the Linguistic Reorganization of Indian States. 

Shrimati Indira Gandhi was the first lady Prime Minister of India.

Indira Gandhi. Indira Priyadarshini Gandhi was the first lady prime minister of India.

The Intelligence Bureau is India's internal intelligence agency that was founded in 1887. It was recast as the Central Intelligence Bureau in 1947 under the Ministry of Home Affairs.

Source: Wikipedia​