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This section includes InterviewSolutions, each offering curated multiple-choice questions to sharpen your Class 12 knowledge and support exam preparation. Choose a topic below to get started.
| 101. |
"The relationship between India and Pakistan has been shaped by the lagacy of Partition" Give arguments in favour or against the statement. |
| Answer» <html><body><p></p>Solution :(i) It <a href="https://interviewquestions.tuteehub.com/tag/generated-2093392" style="font-weight:bold;" target="_blank" title="Click to know more about GENERATED">GENERATED</a> memories hatreds, <a href="https://interviewquestions.tuteehub.com/tag/stereotypes-1227508" style="font-weight:bold;" target="_blank" title="Click to know more about STEREOTYPES">STEREOTYPES</a> and identities which still continue to affect the relationship. <br/> (ii) The recounting of stories of partition violence by communal groups contribute to deepening the <a href="https://interviewquestions.tuteehub.com/tag/divide-441023" style="font-weight:bold;" target="_blank" title="Click to know more about DIVIDE">DIVIDE</a> between communities. <br/> (iii)They <a href="https://interviewquestions.tuteehub.com/tag/create-427332" style="font-weight:bold;" target="_blank" title="Click to know more about CREATE">CREATE</a> feelings of suspicion and distrust and consolidate the <a href="https://interviewquestions.tuteehub.com/tag/power-2475" style="font-weight:bold;" target="_blank" title="Click to know more about POWER">POWER</a> of stereotypes. <br/> (iv) Hartals and perceptions manifest themselves in inter-community conflicts and communal clashes. The memories kept alive the past violence. <br/> (v) Four wars betweens India and Pakistan are a legacy of partition. The relationship between India and Pakistan are intensely shaped by the legacy of partition.</body></html> | |
| 102. |
Give any two reasons that underlined the need for strong Centre. |
| Answer» <html><body><p></p><a href="https://interviewquestions.tuteehub.com/tag/solution-25781" style="font-weight:bold;" target="_blank" title="Click to know more about SOLUTION">SOLUTION</a> :The <a href="https://interviewquestions.tuteehub.com/tag/two-714195" style="font-weight:bold;" target="_blank" title="Click to know more about TWO">TWO</a> important reasons for the strong centre are as <a href="https://interviewquestions.tuteehub.com/tag/follows-994526" style="font-weight:bold;" target="_blank" title="Click to know more about FOLLOWS">FOLLOWS</a>: <br/>(i) Strong Centre would prevent <a href="https://interviewquestions.tuteehub.com/tag/separatist-7627690" style="font-weight:bold;" target="_blank" title="Click to know more about SEPARATIST">SEPARATIST</a> tendencies. <br/>(ii) Strong Centre will <a href="https://interviewquestions.tuteehub.com/tag/help-1018089" style="font-weight:bold;" target="_blank" title="Click to know more about HELP">HELP</a> better mobilization of resources for nation building</body></html> | |
| 103. |
Explain hagiography of the Buddha which the art historians had to familiarize to understand Buddhist sculpture? |
| Answer» <html><body><p></p>Solution :(i) As per the hagiographies, the Buddha attained enlightenment with meditating under a tree. Many early sculptures did not show the show the Buddha in human from , they showed his Buddha in human from , they showed his presence through symbol.<br/> (ii) The empty seat was meant to <a href="https://interviewquestions.tuteehub.com/tag/indicate-514596" style="font-weight:bold;" target="_blank" title="Click to know more about INDICATE">INDICATE</a> themeditation of the Buddha , and the Stupa wasmeant to represent the Mahaparinibbana. Another symbol was the wheel . This stood for the first sermon of the Buddha, delivered at Sarnath. <br/> <img src="https://d10lpgp6xz60nq.cloudfront.net/physics_images/FM_HIS_XII_C04_E02_036_S01.png" width="80%"/> <br/> (iii) These Sculptures <a href="https://interviewquestions.tuteehub.com/tag/could-410026" style="font-weight:bold;" target="_blank" title="Click to know more about COULD">COULD</a> not be understand literally , for example the tree does not stand simply fora tree, but symbolises an event in <a href="https://interviewquestions.tuteehub.com/tag/life-541672" style="font-weight:bold;" target="_blank" title="Click to know more about LIFE">LIFE</a> of the Buddha. <br/> (<a href="https://interviewquestions.tuteehub.com/tag/iv-501699" style="font-weight:bold;" target="_blank" title="Click to know more about IV">IV</a>) In order to understand such symbols historians have to familiarise themselves with the traditions of those who produced these works of art.</body></html> | |
| 104. |
What steps did Ganadhiji takes to restore communal harmony? Discuss. |
| Answer» <html><body><p></p>Solution :(i) Gandhiji <a href="https://interviewquestions.tuteehub.com/tag/took-3223163" style="font-weight:bold;" target="_blank" title="Click to know more about TOOK">TOOK</a> initiative as one-man army to restore communal harmony.The 77-years-old Gandhiji decided to stake his all in a bid to vindicate his life-long principle of non-violence and his conviction that people.s hearts could be changed. <br/>(ii) He moved from the village of Noakhali in East Bengal to the village of <a href="https://interviewquestions.tuteehub.com/tag/bihar-4190" style="font-weight:bold;" target="_blank" title="Click to know more about BIHAR">BIHAR</a> and then to the riot-torn slums of Calcutta and Delhi in an heroic effort to stop Hindus and Muslims <a href="https://interviewquestions.tuteehub.com/tag/kill-528070" style="font-weight:bold;" target="_blank" title="Click to know more about KILL">KILL</a> each other, careful <a href="https://interviewquestions.tuteehub.com/tag/everywhere-2065767" style="font-weight:bold;" target="_blank" title="Click to know more about EVERYWHERE">EVERYWHERE</a> to reassure minority community. <br/> (iii) In Oct. 1946 Muslims in East Bengal targeted Hindus. Gandhijivisited the area. toured the villages on foot, and persuaded the local Muslims to guarantee teh safety of Hindus. <br/> (iv)In places like Delhi, he tried to build a spirit of mutual trust and confidence between the two communities. <br/> (v)On 28 November, 1947, on the occasion of Guru Nanak.s birthday, Gandhi ji noticed that there was no Muslims on the Chandni Chandni Chowk road. <br/> (vi) Gandhiji condemned the mentality of those who wished to drive out every Muslim from the city, seeing them as Pakistani. <br/> (vii)Gandhiji started a fast to bring about a change of heart. Amazingly, many Hindu and Sikh migrants <a href="https://interviewquestions.tuteehub.com/tag/fasted-7258352" style="font-weight:bold;" target="_blank" title="Click to know more about FASTED">FASTED</a> with him.</body></html> | |
| 105. |
How did the Harappan obtain red colour carnelian? |
| Answer» <html><body><p></p>Solution :(i) Archaeologists revealsed that the red colour of carnelian was obtained by firing the yellowish <a href="https://interviewquestions.tuteehub.com/tag/raw-613057" style="font-weight:bold;" target="_blank" title="Click to know more about RAW">RAW</a> material and beads at various <a href="https://interviewquestions.tuteehub.com/tag/stages-1223836" style="font-weight:bold;" target="_blank" title="Click to know more about STAGES">STAGES</a> of production. <br/> (<a href="https://interviewquestions.tuteehub.com/tag/ii-1036832" style="font-weight:bold;" target="_blank" title="Click to know more about II">II</a>) Nodules were chipped into rough shape and then finely flaked into the final shape.</body></html> | |
| 106. |
Who was Cunningham? Mention any one source he collected to understand the Harappa culture. |
| Answer» <html><body><p></p>Solution :Cunningham was the first <a href="https://interviewquestions.tuteehub.com/tag/director-955069" style="font-weight:bold;" target="_blank" title="Click to know more about DIRECTOR">DIRECTOR</a> General of Archaeological Survey of <a href="https://interviewquestions.tuteehub.com/tag/india-54" style="font-weight:bold;" target="_blank" title="Click to know more about INDIA">INDIA</a> (AST). Cunningham used the accounts <a href="https://interviewquestions.tuteehub.com/tag/left-1070879" style="font-weight:bold;" target="_blank" title="Click to know more about LEFT">LEFT</a> by Chinese <a href="https://interviewquestions.tuteehub.com/tag/buddhist-403438" style="font-weight:bold;" target="_blank" title="Click to know more about BUDDHIST">BUDDHIST</a> <a href="https://interviewquestions.tuteehub.com/tag/pilgrims-1154640" style="font-weight:bold;" target="_blank" title="Click to know more about PILGRIMS">PILGRIMS</a> who had visited the subcontinent between the fourth and seventh centuries to understand the Harappan culture.</body></html> | |
| 107. |
"The India in which Gandhiji came back to in 1915 was rather different than the one he had left in 1893." Substantiate the statement. |
| Answer» <html><body><p></p>Solution :In January 1915, Gandhiji returned to his homeland after two decades of residence abroad. Those years were spent for the most part in South Africa, where he went as a lawyer, and in time became a leader of the <a href="https://interviewquestions.tuteehub.com/tag/indian-508725" style="font-weight:bold;" target="_blank" title="Click to know more about INDIAN">INDIAN</a> community in that territory. The <a href="https://interviewquestions.tuteehub.com/tag/india-54" style="font-weight:bold;" target="_blank" title="Click to know more about INDIA">INDIA</a> that Mahatma Gandhi came back to in 1915 was rather different from the one that he had left in 1893. Although still a colony of the British, it was far more active in a political sense. The Indian National Congress then had branches in most major cities and towns. Through the Swadeshi movement of 1905-07, it had broadened its appeal among the middle <a href="https://interviewquestions.tuteehub.com/tag/classes-16111" style="font-weight:bold;" target="_blank" title="Click to know more about CLASSES">CLASSES</a>. That movement had thrown up some towering leaders Bal <a href="https://interviewquestions.tuteehub.com/tag/gangadhar-470641" style="font-weight:bold;" target="_blank" title="Click to know more about GANGADHAR">GANGADHAR</a> Tilak of Maharashtra, Bipin Chandra Pal of Bengal, and Lala Rajpat Rai of Punjab. The trio was famous as Lal, Bal and Pal. Where these leaders advocated <a href="https://interviewquestions.tuteehub.com/tag/militant-560650" style="font-weight:bold;" target="_blank" title="Click to know more about MILITANT">MILITANT</a> opposition to colonial rule, there was a group of Moderates who preferred a more gradual and persuasive approach. Among these moderates was Gandhiji's acknowledged political mentor, Gopal Krishna Gokhale, as well as Mohammad Ali Jinnah, who like Gandhiji, was a lawyer of the Gujarati extraction trained in London.</body></html> | |
| 108. |
Explain how different methods of irrigation were developed for agriculture in the Harappan sites. |
| Answer» <html><body><p></p><a href="https://interviewquestions.tuteehub.com/tag/solution-25781" style="font-weight:bold;" target="_blank" title="Click to know more about SOLUTION">SOLUTION</a> : Canals and wells were <a href="https://interviewquestions.tuteehub.com/tag/constructed-7261595" style="font-weight:bold;" target="_blank" title="Click to know more about CONSTRUCTED">CONSTRUCTED</a> for irrigation. Traces of canals eg., Shortugai in <a href="https://interviewquestions.tuteehub.com/tag/afghanistan-368646" style="font-weight:bold;" target="_blank" title="Click to know more about AFGHANISTAN">AFGHANISTAN</a> and water <a href="https://interviewquestions.tuteehub.com/tag/reservoirs-1186157" style="font-weight:bold;" target="_blank" title="Click to know more about RESERVOIRS">RESERVOIRS</a> eg, Dholavira.</body></html> | |
| 109. |
Describe in brief the two fears of conservatives in introducing social changes in the new cities built by British. |
| Answer» <html><body><p></p>Solution :(i) They had a <a href="https://interviewquestions.tuteehub.com/tag/fear-25665" style="font-weight:bold;" target="_blank" title="Click to know more about FEAR">FEAR</a> in the mind that the British could destroy their social <a href="https://interviewquestions.tuteehub.com/tag/orders-1138411" style="font-weight:bold;" target="_blank" title="Click to know more about ORDERS">ORDERS</a> and customs. (ii) They feared that they would <a href="https://interviewquestions.tuteehub.com/tag/try-1428546" style="font-weight:bold;" target="_blank" title="Click to know more about TRY">TRY</a> to spread Christianity and <a href="https://interviewquestions.tuteehub.com/tag/convert-425734" style="font-weight:bold;" target="_blank" title="Click to know more about CONVERT">CONVERT</a> many of them into Christians.</body></html> | |
| 110. |
What do you know about Direct Action Day? |
| Answer» <html><body><p></p>Solution :(i) The talks of the <a href="https://interviewquestions.tuteehub.com/tag/congress-424562" style="font-weight:bold;" target="_blank" title="Click to know more about CONGRESS">CONGRESS</a> and the Muslim League ended without any conclusion with the Cabinet Mission. <br/> (ii) <a href="https://interviewquestions.tuteehub.com/tag/mohammed-562680" style="font-weight:bold;" target="_blank" title="Click to know more about MOHAMMED">MOHAMMED</a> Ali Jinnah gave call for "<a href="https://interviewquestions.tuteehub.com/tag/direct-954477" style="font-weight:bold;" target="_blank" title="Click to know more about DIRECT">DIRECT</a> Action Day"to emphasise his demand for the creation of an independent nation. He fixed 16th August, 1946 as the Direct Action Day. But on the designated day, bloody riots broke out in Calcutta. This <a href="https://interviewquestions.tuteehub.com/tag/violence-727599" style="font-weight:bold;" target="_blank" title="Click to know more about VIOLENCE">VIOLENCE</a> later on engulfed Bengal, Bihar, United <a href="https://interviewquestions.tuteehub.com/tag/provinces-1171143" style="font-weight:bold;" target="_blank" title="Click to know more about PROVINCES">PROVINCES</a> and Punjab.</body></html> | |
| 111. |
What are Megaliths? |
| Answer» <html><body><p></p>Solution :(i) Megaliths were <a href="https://interviewquestions.tuteehub.com/tag/elaborate-967511" style="font-weight:bold;" target="_blank" title="Click to know more about ELABORATE">ELABORATE</a> stone structures in Central and <a href="https://interviewquestions.tuteehub.com/tag/south-1219419" style="font-weight:bold;" target="_blank" title="Click to know more about SOUTH">SOUTH</a> India in first <a href="https://interviewquestions.tuteehub.com/tag/millennium-1096784" style="font-weight:bold;" target="_blank" title="Click to know more about MILLENNIUM">MILLENNIUM</a> BCE. <br/> (ii) These were <a href="https://interviewquestions.tuteehub.com/tag/kept-2146214" style="font-weight:bold;" target="_blank" title="Click to know more about KEPT">KEPT</a> on the burials. Dead wereburied with a wide range of iron tools and <a href="https://interviewquestions.tuteehub.com/tag/weapons-1450858" style="font-weight:bold;" target="_blank" title="Click to know more about WEAPONS">WEAPONS</a>.</body></html> | |
| 112. |
"Within the Constituent Assembly of India the language issue was intensely debated." Examine the views put forward by the members of the Assembly on this issue. |
| Answer» <html><body><p></p>Solution :The language issue was intensely <a href="https://interviewquestions.tuteehub.com/tag/debated-7675248" style="font-weight:bold;" target="_blank" title="Click to know more about DEBATED">DEBATED</a> in the Constituent Assembly. <br/> Language issue has always been very hot in India. In India besides the languages included in the eighth schedule, there are several languages. And the speakers of all those languages are very proud of their languages. <br/> Before independence, there was consensus among the national leaders that Hindi should be the national language of Independent India. Mahatma Gandhi was for Hindi in Devanagari script. After Independence, the Constituent Assembly was equally divided between English and Hindi. At the time of independence, only one percent of Indians knew English but still it had been the language of the administration because it was the language of the rulers. It was <a href="https://interviewquestions.tuteehub.com/tag/president-1164158" style="font-weight:bold;" target="_blank" title="Click to know more about PRESIDENT">PRESIDENT</a> Dr. Rajendra Prasad's vote which decided that Hindi would be the national language of India. <br/> In the debate, Mr. Dhulckar argued in <a href="https://interviewquestions.tuteehub.com/tag/favour-985586" style="font-weight:bold;" target="_blank" title="Click to know more about FAVOUR">FAVOUR</a> of Hindi. Mr. Frank Antony spoke in favour of English. He said that English was his mother tongue and it <a href="https://interviewquestions.tuteehub.com/tag/could-410026" style="font-weight:bold;" target="_blank" title="Click to know more about COULD">COULD</a> not be called a foreign language. <a href="https://interviewquestions.tuteehub.com/tag/many-554478" style="font-weight:bold;" target="_blank" title="Click to know more about MANY">MANY</a> members took part in the debate. Hindi was no doubt a language of a big majority. Members argued that it was the lingua franca when people from different parts of India communicated with each other. There were references to Undur whieh was-to be the national language of Pakistan. The members said in Uttar Pradesh, the court proceedings were in Urdu. Some member like Pandit Mitra talked in favour of Sanskrit also At one point Pt. Jawaharlal Nehru was irritated. He was English educated. Most of his books were penned in English. He favoured Hindi. Frank Antony said that he had been familiar with Hindi and he had no problem with it. He talked proudly about English. He felt that to communicate with the world we need English. He strongly felt that English was one of the Indian languages. <br/> South Indian members were in favour of English. <br/> They opposed Hindi. <br/> Krishnammachari gave a warning on behalf of the people of South against imposition of Hindi. It was decided that English would continue till Hindi takes its place. <br/> The official communication from the government would be in both the languages.</body></html> | |
| 113. |
For any one of the travellers mentioned in the chapter, find out more about his life and writings. Prepare a report on his travels, noting in particular how he described society, and comparing these descriptions with the excerpts included in the chapter. |
| Answer» <html><body><p></p><a href="https://interviewquestions.tuteehub.com/tag/solution-25781" style="font-weight:bold;" target="_blank" title="Click to know more about SOLUTION">SOLUTION</a> :<a href="https://interviewquestions.tuteehub.com/tag/try-1428546" style="font-weight:bold;" target="_blank" title="Click to know more about TRY">TRY</a> it yourself.</body></html> | |
| 114. |
By which sources the Buddha's teachings were reconstructed by the historians ? |
| Answer» <html><body><p></p>Solution :Historians reconstructed <a href="https://interviewquestions.tuteehub.com/tag/buddha-403339" style="font-weight:bold;" target="_blank" title="Click to know more about BUDDHA">BUDDHA</a>.s <a href="https://interviewquestions.tuteehub.com/tag/teachings-1240138" style="font-weight:bold;" target="_blank" title="Click to know more about TEACHINGS">TEACHINGS</a>. All sources have been edited , translated and analysed .<br/> (i) The <a href="https://interviewquestions.tuteehub.com/tag/tipitake-2308143" style="font-weight:bold;" target="_blank" title="Click to know more about TIPITAKE">TIPITAKE</a>, Vinaya Pitaka, Sutta Pitake and Abhidhamma Pitaka. <br/> (ii) Dipavamsa and Mahavamsa, Sri Lankans chronicles. <br/> (iii) Accounts of Fa Xian and Xuan Zang Chinese pilgrims. <br/> (iv) The hagiorgraphies that were <a href="https://interviewquestions.tuteehub.com/tag/written-732709" style="font-weight:bold;" target="_blank" title="Click to know more about WRITTEN">WRITTEN</a> at least a century after the death of Buddha an attempt is made to <a href="https://interviewquestions.tuteehub.com/tag/retain-613969" style="font-weight:bold;" target="_blank" title="Click to know more about RETAIN">RETAIN</a> the memories of the great teacher.</body></html> | |
| 115. |
Analyse the impact of partition of India on Punjab and Bengal. |
| Answer» <html><body><p></p><a href="https://interviewquestions.tuteehub.com/tag/solution-25781" style="font-weight:bold;" target="_blank" title="Click to know more about SOLUTION">SOLUTION</a> :(i) Impact of partition of India on Punjab Impact of partition destablized the foundation of <a href="https://interviewquestions.tuteehub.com/tag/mankind-554195" style="font-weight:bold;" target="_blank" title="Click to know more about MANKIND">MANKIND</a>. People was horrible. It had to face harrowing experiences. The results ofpartition were most destructive and bloody in the Punjab. Almost complete <a href="https://interviewquestions.tuteehub.com/tag/displacement-956081" style="font-weight:bold;" target="_blank" title="Click to know more about DISPLACEMENT">DISPLACEMENT</a> of Hindus and Sikhs eastwards into India from west Punjab and of almest all Punjabi speaking Muslims to Pakistan created untold <a href="https://interviewquestions.tuteehub.com/tag/stories-1228378" style="font-weight:bold;" target="_blank" title="Click to know more about STORIES">STORIES</a> of horror. <br/> (ii) Impact of partition of India on Bengal: In Bengal the overall situation was and horrible. Here, the process of migration was equally serious more protracted with people moving across a porous border. However, in Bengal the exchange of population was not near total. Consequently, several Bengali Hindus remained in Fast Pakistan while several Bengali Muslims continued to remain in West Bengal. In East Pakistan Jinnah's two-nation theory rejected by the Bengali Muslims.</body></html> | |
| 116. |
What type of people were regarded as untouchables? |
| Answer» <html><body><p></p>Solution :People who performed <a href="https://interviewquestions.tuteehub.com/tag/tasks-25576" style="font-weight:bold;" target="_blank" title="Click to know more about TASKS">TASKS</a> which were regarded as <a href="https://interviewquestions.tuteehub.com/tag/polluting-2938406" style="font-weight:bold;" target="_blank" title="Click to know more about POLLUTING">POLLUTING</a> were regarded as <a href="https://interviewquestions.tuteehub.com/tag/untouchables-1439691" style="font-weight:bold;" target="_blank" title="Click to know more about UNTOUCHABLES">UNTOUCHABLES</a>. They <a href="https://interviewquestions.tuteehub.com/tag/handled-481979" style="font-weight:bold;" target="_blank" title="Click to know more about HANDLED">HANDLED</a> corpses and dead animals.</body></html> | |
| 117. |
"After introducing the Permanent Settlement in Bengal, the zamidars regularly failed to pay the land revenue demand." Examine the causes and consequences of it. |
| Answer» <html><body><p></p>Solution :The initial demands were very high <a href="https://interviewquestions.tuteehub.com/tag/arguing-2442211" style="font-weight:bold;" target="_blank" title="Click to know more about ARGUING">ARGUING</a> that the burden on zamindar would gradually decline as agticulnmral production expand and price rose. <br/> (i) The initial demands were very high price rose <br/> (<a href="https://interviewquestions.tuteehub.com/tag/ii-1036832" style="font-weight:bold;" target="_blank" title="Click to know more about II">II</a>) A high demand was imposcd in 1790s when the agricultural prices were depressed. This made difficult to pay their ducs to zamindar. <br/> (iii) The zamindars could not collect rent and pay the rent. <br/> (iv) Revenue was in variable, regardless of the law, the payment had to be <a href="https://interviewquestions.tuteehub.com/tag/paid-1145567" style="font-weight:bold;" target="_blank" title="Click to know more about PAID">PAID</a> before sunset. If not done, the zamindari was liable to be auctioned. <br/> (v) The permanent settlement limited the power of Zurgindar to collect rent from the ryot. <br/> (vi) The Company <a href="https://interviewquestions.tuteehub.com/tag/recognized-2240045" style="font-weight:bold;" target="_blank" title="Click to know more about RECOGNIZED">RECOGNIZED</a> zamindars as important but wanted to control and regulate them. <br/> (vii) Zamindars lost their power to organize local justice and local police. <br/> (viii) Rent collection was a perennial problemn. Sometimes bad harvest and low prices made payments of dues difficult for ryots. <br/> (ix) Sometimes ryots deliberately delayed payments but the zamindar could not assert his power over them. <br/> (x) Rich ryot, village head <a href="https://interviewquestions.tuteehub.com/tag/man-1085541" style="font-weight:bold;" target="_blank" title="Click to know more about MAN">MAN</a>, Jotedars and Mandals were happy to see the zamindars in trouble.</body></html> | |
| 118. |
Which one of the following chronological orders of the givendynasties of india is correct? |
| Answer» <html><body><p><a href="https://interviewquestions.tuteehub.com/tag/maurya-556730" style="font-weight:bold;" target="_blank" title="Click to know more about MAURYA">MAURYA</a>-Nanda-<a href="https://interviewquestions.tuteehub.com/tag/kanva-530328" style="font-weight:bold;" target="_blank" title="Click to know more about KANVA">KANVA</a>-sunga <br/>Nanda-Maurya-sunga-Kanva<br/>Nanda- Maurya-Kanva-Sunga<br/>Maurya-Nanda-Sunga -kanva</p>Solution :Ruling period of given dynastic is as follws: Nanda (344 <a href="https://interviewquestions.tuteehub.com/tag/bc-389540" style="font-weight:bold;" target="_blank" title="Click to know more about BC">BC</a>-323 BC), Maurya 323 BC-184 BC), Sunga 184BC) and Kanva (<a href="https://interviewquestions.tuteehub.com/tag/75-334971" style="font-weight:bold;" target="_blank" title="Click to know more about 75">75</a> BC-30BC)</body></html> | |
| 119. |
How had Bernier described a complex social reality of artisans under the Mughal? Give two reasons. |
| Answer» <html><body><p></p>Solution :Bernier depicted the <a href="https://interviewquestions.tuteehub.com/tag/mughal-566180" style="font-weight:bold;" target="_blank" title="Click to know more about MUGHAL">MUGHAL</a> state as tyrannical, occasionally his descriptions hint atamorecomplexsocial reality. The artisans did not have an incentive for improving the quality of their manufacturers as the state would appropriate profits. Consequently the manufacturers started decliningg <a href="https://interviewquestions.tuteehub.com/tag/everywhere-2065767" style="font-weight:bold;" target="_blank" title="Click to know more about EVERYWHERE">EVERYWHERE</a>. However, he admitted at the same <a href="https://interviewquestions.tuteehub.com/tag/time-19467" style="font-weight:bold;" target="_blank" title="Click to know more about TIME">TIME</a> that <a href="https://interviewquestions.tuteehub.com/tag/indian-508725" style="font-weight:bold;" target="_blank" title="Click to know more about INDIAN">INDIAN</a> manufacturers werem in heavy demand all over the world. They were exported in <a href="https://interviewquestions.tuteehub.com/tag/exchange-454713" style="font-weight:bold;" target="_blank" title="Click to know more about EXCHANGE">EXCHANGE</a> for gold and silver. He has also mentioned about the existence of wealthy merchant community.</body></html> | |
| 120. |
Mention that Harappan culture was an urban culture. |
| Answer» <html><body><p></p>Solution :(i) Cities of that <a href="https://interviewquestions.tuteehub.com/tag/culture-940503" style="font-weight:bold;" target="_blank" title="Click to know more about CULTURE">CULTURE</a> were planned and thickly populated. <br/> (ii) Roads were wide and straight crossed each other at right angle. <br/> (iii) Every house had a well and bathroom. <a href="https://interviewquestions.tuteehub.com/tag/houses-1030280" style="font-weight:bold;" target="_blank" title="Click to know more about HOUSES">HOUSES</a> were made of <a href="https://interviewquestions.tuteehub.com/tag/burnt-2491180" style="font-weight:bold;" target="_blank" title="Click to know more about BURNT">BURNT</a> bricks, contained more than one storey. <br/> (iv) Lothal was a famous dockyard and centre of <a href="https://interviewquestions.tuteehub.com/tag/trade-711631" style="font-weight:bold;" target="_blank" title="Click to know more about TRADE">TRADE</a>.</body></html> | |
| 121. |
Explain the language and content of Mahabharata. |
| Answer» <html><body><p></p><a href="https://interviewquestions.tuteehub.com/tag/solution-25781" style="font-weight:bold;" target="_blank" title="Click to know more about SOLUTION">SOLUTION</a> :The Language and Content of Mahabharata: <br/>(i) The language of Mahabharata is Sanskrit, which is <a href="https://interviewquestions.tuteehub.com/tag/far-459491" style="font-weight:bold;" target="_blank" title="Click to know more about FAR">FAR</a> simpler than the Vedas. <br/>(ii) There are versions in other languages as well. i.e. Prakrit, Pali, Tamil etc. <br/> (iii) The contents are classified into two broad heads- narrative section and didactic section. <br/> (iv) (a) The narrative section includes social messages. <br/> (b) Generally historians agree that Mahabharata was meant to be a <a href="https://interviewquestions.tuteehub.com/tag/dramatic-442783" style="font-weight:bold;" target="_blank" title="Click to know more about DRAMATIC">DRAMATIC</a>, moving <a href="https://interviewquestions.tuteehub.com/tag/story-1228419" style="font-weight:bold;" target="_blank" title="Click to know more about STORY">STORY</a> and that the didactic portion was probably added later. <br/>(v) (a) The didactic section contains prescriptions about social norms and <a href="https://interviewquestions.tuteehub.com/tag/stories-1228378" style="font-weight:bold;" target="_blank" title="Click to know more about STORIES">STORIES</a>. <br/> (b) Didactic refer to something that.s meant for purposes of instruction. <br/>(vi) The history of an actual conflict amongst Kinfolk was preserved in the narrative. <br/> (vii) Some historians argue that there is no other corroborative evidence of the battle.</body></html> | |
| 122. |
Mention any two features of gotra as per the Brahmanical practice. What evidences do we get from the Satavahanas inscriptions regarding the inheriance of gotra ? Explain. |
| Answer» <html><body><p></p>Solution : (i) Every gotra was <a href="https://interviewquestions.tuteehub.com/tag/named-1110438" style="font-weight:bold;" target="_blank" title="Click to know more about NAMED">NAMED</a> after a Vedicseer. All those who <a href="https://interviewquestions.tuteehub.com/tag/belonged-7259320" style="font-weight:bold;" target="_blank" title="Click to know more about BELONGED">BELONGED</a> to the same gotra were considered as his descendants. <br/> (ii) <a href="https://interviewquestions.tuteehub.com/tag/women-1458297" style="font-weight:bold;" target="_blank" title="Click to know more about WOMEN">WOMEN</a> were expected to give up their father's gotra and adopt that of their husband on marriage and members of the same gotra could not marty. <br/> (iii) Many inscriptions of the Satavahanas have been recovered, which allow historians to trace family bonds. <br/> (iv) Some of the women who married <a href="https://interviewquestions.tuteehub.com/tag/satavahana-636760" style="font-weight:bold;" target="_blank" title="Click to know more about SATAVAHANA">SATAVAHANA</a> rulers had names of their father's gotras Gotama and Vasistha. They retained these <a href="https://interviewquestions.tuteehub.com/tag/instead-516622" style="font-weight:bold;" target="_blank" title="Click to know more about INSTEAD">INSTEAD</a> of adopting names detived from their husband's gotra.</body></html> | |
| 123. |
Examine the strengths and limitations of oral history.How have oral-history techniques furthered our understanding of Partition? |
| Answer» <html><body><p></p>Solution :(i) Oral history techniques help historians to write experiences of people during the timeof partition. In <a href="https://interviewquestions.tuteehub.com/tag/fact-982736" style="font-weight:bold;" target="_blank" title="Click to know more about FACT">FACT</a> history of partition has been reconstructed with the help of oral narratives. It is not possible to <a href="https://interviewquestions.tuteehub.com/tag/extract-981847" style="font-weight:bold;" target="_blank" title="Click to know more about EXTRACT">EXTRACT</a> such kind of information from government records. <br/> (ii) Government would not provide such information which paint them in bad colour. It will also not tell about the daily development of the events during the partition. <br/> (iii) Moreover,Government was involved in negotiatin.Documents of government deal with policy matters and throw <a href="https://interviewquestions.tuteehub.com/tag/light-1073401" style="font-weight:bold;" target="_blank" title="Click to know more about LIGHT">LIGHT</a> on efforts of major political parties . <br/> (iv) But the oral history tells the day-to-day account. It is told by the people who have actually gone through the trauma and pains of the partition. <br/> (v) But the oral data is not <a href="https://interviewquestions.tuteehub.com/tag/free-465311" style="font-weight:bold;" target="_blank" title="Click to know more about FREE">FREE</a> from limitations. Oral data lacks concrete details. It does not have the chronological order. <br/> (vi) Oral accounts are concerned with tangential issues and that small individual experiences are irrelevant to the unfolding of the larger canvas of history. <br/> (<a href="https://interviewquestions.tuteehub.com/tag/vii-723638" style="font-weight:bold;" target="_blank" title="Click to know more about VII">VII</a>) In oral history, people may not talk of their personal aspects. They can hide even their fault of fault of their commuity as a whole. <br/> (viii)Many people may not remember all events . People tend to forget also. Accuracy of narration can also be questioned.</body></html> | |
| 124. |
What are the comparisons that Ibn-Battuta makes to give his readers an idea about coconuts looked like? |
| Answer» <html><body><p></p>Solution :He resembled man.s <a href="https://interviewquestions.tuteehub.com/tag/head-1016397" style="font-weight:bold;" target="_blank" title="Click to know more about HEAD">HEAD</a>, for in it are what look like <a href="https://interviewquestions.tuteehub.com/tag/two-714195" style="font-weight:bold;" target="_blank" title="Click to know more about TWO">TWO</a> eyes and a mouth and inside of it when it is <a href="https://interviewquestions.tuteehub.com/tag/green-476835" style="font-weight:bold;" target="_blank" title="Click to know more about GREEN">GREEN</a> looks like the <a href="https://interviewquestions.tuteehub.com/tag/brain-903433" style="font-weight:bold;" target="_blank" title="Click to know more about BRAIN">BRAIN</a>, and its fibre looks like hair.</body></html> | |
| 125. |
What has Ibn Battuta deseribed about Delhi? OR In which way Ibn Battuta described Delhi? OR How did Ibn Battuta describe Delhi? |
| Answer» <html><body><p></p>Solution :(i) The city of Delhi covers a wide area and has huge population. <br/> (ii) The rampart round the parallel. The breadth of its <a href="https://interviewquestions.tuteehub.com/tag/wall-1448655" style="font-weight:bold;" target="_blank" title="Click to know more about WALL">WALL</a> is eleven cubits and inside it the houses for the night sentries and gate-keepers. <br/> (iii) Inside the ramparts there are store-houses for storing edibles, <a href="https://interviewquestions.tuteehub.com/tag/magazines-1082637" style="font-weight:bold;" target="_blank" title="Click to know more about MAGAZINES">MAGAZINES</a>, ammunition, ballistic and siege machines. city is <a href="https://interviewquestions.tuteehub.com/tag/without-3281350" style="font-weight:bold;" target="_blank" title="Click to know more about WITHOUT">WITHOUT</a> <br/> (iv) In the interior of the rampart, horsemen as well as infantrymen moved from one end of the city to the another. <br/> (v) The rampart is pierced through by <a href="https://interviewquestions.tuteehub.com/tag/windows-22662" style="font-weight:bold;" target="_blank" title="Click to know more about WINDOWS">WINDOWS</a> which open on the side of the city. It is through these window light enters in the city. <br/> (vi) The lower part of rampart is made-up of stone while upper part is made-up of bricks. There are 20 gates to enter the city of Delhi and the chief among gates is <a href="https://interviewquestions.tuteehub.com/tag/buland-403736" style="font-weight:bold;" target="_blank" title="Click to know more about BULAND">BULAND</a> Darwaja. <br/> (vii) The city of Delhi has a fine cemetery in which graves have been domes over them and those who were without dome, have an arch.</body></html> | |
| 126. |
How important were gender differences in early societies ? Give reason for your answer. |
| Answer» <html><body><p></p>Solution :(i) In early societies, the families were generally patriliny. Patriliny means tracing descent from father to son and to grandson and so on. Matriliny family was generally not in use. Exception was also available . As exception , Satavahanas of <a href="https://interviewquestions.tuteehub.com/tag/andhra-377846" style="font-weight:bold;" target="_blank" title="Click to know more about ANDHRA">ANDHRA</a> can be mentioned. <br/> (ii) Historical sources mention the name of some rulers from inscriptions associated with the name of the mothers of the king. As Gotami Putra means "Son of Gotami.. Gotami and Vasistha are the feminines of Gotama and Vasistha. <br/> (iii) Sons were considered important for the continuity of the family. Attitude <a href="https://interviewquestions.tuteehub.com/tag/towards-7269729" style="font-weight:bold;" target="_blank" title="Click to know more about TOWARDS">TOWARDS</a> daughters were different. They had no claims towards the resources of the household. But marrying them into the families outside the kin was considered desirable. <br/>(iv) This system of marriage was called exogamy. According to this system, the lives of the young girls and women belonged to those families which claimed that high status were often carefully regulated to ensure that they were married at the right time and to the right person. Kanyadana was an important religious duty of the father. <br/> (v) After marriage women were supposed to give up their father.s gotra and adopt their husband.s gotra. Manusmriti explains that the paternal state was to be divided equally <a href="https://interviewquestions.tuteehub.com/tag/amongst-374781" style="font-weight:bold;" target="_blank" title="Click to know more about AMONGST">AMONGST</a> sons after the death of parents. With a special share for the eldest woman were not given any share in the state. <br/> (vi) The women were allowed to keep the gifts with themselves which they received at the time of their marriage. It was called Stridhana. This could be inherited by their children and the husband had no claim over it. Manusinriti told women not to hoard family property, or even their over valuables, without the permission of their husband. Many texts <a href="https://interviewquestions.tuteehub.com/tag/suggest-2284492" style="font-weight:bold;" target="_blank" title="Click to know more about SUGGEST">SUGGEST</a> that while upper class women may have access to resources but land, cattle, money were generally controlled by the men. Vakataka queen Prabhavati Gupta was a <a href="https://interviewquestions.tuteehub.com/tag/rich-614275" style="font-weight:bold;" target="_blank" title="Click to know more about RICH">RICH</a> woman.</body></html> | |
| 127. |
Why were the forest-dwellers termed as Jungli ? Give any two reasons. |
| Answer» <html><body><p></p>Solution :They were <a href="https://interviewquestions.tuteehub.com/tag/termed-7331110" style="font-weight:bold;" target="_blank" title="Click to know more about TERMED">TERMED</a> as <a href="https://interviewquestions.tuteehub.com/tag/jungli-2141175" style="font-weight:bold;" target="_blank" title="Click to know more about JUNGLI">JUNGLI</a>:<br/>(a)As they entirely <a href="https://interviewquestions.tuteehub.com/tag/depended-7675333" style="font-weight:bold;" target="_blank" title="Click to know more about DEPENDED">DEPENDED</a> on the <a href="https://interviewquestions.tuteehub.com/tag/forest-996000" style="font-weight:bold;" target="_blank" title="Click to know more about FOREST">FOREST</a> product for theirlivelihood as it was their only sourceof livelihood.<br/>(b)As these peoplemoved from one place to anotherfor their livelihood .</body></html> | |
| 128. |
Explain why Ain-i Akbari remains important even today. |
| Answer» <html><body><p></p>Solution :(i) Itis so, because it provides glimpses into structure and organisation of Mughal empire. It givesus ingormation aobutits productsand people<br/>(<a href="https://interviewquestions.tuteehub.com/tag/ii-1036832" style="font-weight:bold;" target="_blank" title="Click to know more about II">II</a>)Theauthorof the <a href="https://interviewquestions.tuteehub.com/tag/book-900767" style="font-weight:bold;" target="_blank" title="Click to know more about BOOK">BOOK</a> Abul Fazlachieved a major breakthrough in traditional medieval chrouniclers who also threwa valuableinformation aboutthe political events of the time .<br/>(iii)Information aboutcountry, its people and its products was mentioned only <a href="https://interviewquestions.tuteehub.com/tag/incidentallybrbr-2126310" style="font-weight:bold;" target="_blank" title="Click to know more about INCIDENTALLY">INCIDENTALLY</a> as an embellishmentto the essentially political thrustofthe <a href="https://interviewquestions.tuteehub.com/tag/narrative-1110720" style="font-weight:bold;" target="_blank" title="Click to know more about NARRATIVE">NARRATIVE</a><br/>(iv)Itcompletely departed <a href="https://interviewquestions.tuteehub.com/tag/fromt-2661571" style="font-weight:bold;" target="_blank" title="Click to know more about FROMT">FROMT</a> he tradition as it recorded information aboutthe empire and the people of India and thus constituted a venchamark for studying India at the turn of the 17th century .<br/>(v)It contains information aboutthepeople . their professions and trades and on imperial establishmentof the empire .<br/>(vi)Itenables the historians to reconstructthe social fabric of Indiaat that time .</body></html> | |
| 129. |
A Prayer to Agni Here are two verses from the Rigueda invoking Agni, the god of fire: Bring, O strong one, this sacrifice of outs lo the gods. O wise one, as a liberal giver. Bestow on us, O priest, abundant food. Agni, obtain, by sacrificing, mighty wealth for us. Procure, O Agni, for ever to him who prays to you (the gift of) noutishment, the wonderful cow. May a son be ours offspring that continues out line. Versus such as these were composed in a special kind of Sanskrit, known as Vedic Sanskrit. They were taught orally to men belonging to priestly families. Why was Vedic Sanskrit significant? |
| Answer» <html><body><p></p><a href="https://interviewquestions.tuteehub.com/tag/solution-25781" style="font-weight:bold;" target="_blank" title="Click to know more about SOLUTION">SOLUTION</a> :Verses were mostly composed in a special kind of Sanskrit, <a href="https://interviewquestions.tuteehub.com/tag/known-534098" style="font-weight:bold;" target="_blank" title="Click to know more about KNOWN">KNOWN</a> as Vedic Sanskrit. They were <a href="https://interviewquestions.tuteehub.com/tag/taught-3099104" style="font-weight:bold;" target="_blank" title="Click to know more about TAUGHT">TAUGHT</a> orally to men <a href="https://interviewquestions.tuteehub.com/tag/belonging-395303" style="font-weight:bold;" target="_blank" title="Click to know more about BELONGING">BELONGING</a> to <a href="https://interviewquestions.tuteehub.com/tag/priestly-7386521" style="font-weight:bold;" target="_blank" title="Click to know more about PRIESTLY">PRIESTLY</a> families.</body></html> | |
| 130. |
A Prayer to Agni Here are two verses from the Rigueda invoking Agni, the god of fire: Bring, O strong one, this sacrifice of outs lo the gods. O wise one, as a liberal giver. Bestow on us, O priest, abundant food. Agni, obtain, by sacrificing, mighty wealth for us. Procure, O Agni, for ever to him who prays to you (the gift of) noutishment, the wonderful cow. May a son be ours offspring that continues out line. Versus such as these were composed in a special kind of Sanskrit, known as Vedic Sanskrit. They were taught orally to men belonging to priestly families. Explain any two Vedic traditions of religious beliefs and practices. |
| Answer» <html><body><p></p>Solution :The principal deities of the <a href="https://interviewquestions.tuteehub.com/tag/vedic-725594" style="font-weight:bold;" target="_blank" title="Click to know more about VEDIC">VEDIC</a> <a href="https://interviewquestions.tuteehub.com/tag/pantheon-595530" style="font-weight:bold;" target="_blank" title="Click to know more about PANTHEON">PANTHEON</a>, Agni, Indra and <a href="https://interviewquestions.tuteehub.com/tag/soma-1217202" style="font-weight:bold;" target="_blank" title="Click to know more about SOMA">SOMA</a>, become marginal <a href="https://interviewquestions.tuteehub.com/tag/figures-987769" style="font-weight:bold;" target="_blank" title="Click to know more about FIGURES">FIGURES</a>, rarely visible in textual or visual representations. <br/> 2.Those who valucd the Vedic tradition often condemned practices that went <a href="https://interviewquestions.tuteehub.com/tag/beyond-390058" style="font-weight:bold;" target="_blank" title="Click to know more about BEYOND">BEYOND</a> the closely regulated contact with the divine through the performance of sacrifices or precisely chanted mantras.</body></html> | |
| 131. |
A Prayer to Agni Here are two verses from the Rigueda invoking Agni, the god of fire: Bring, O strong one, this sacrifice of outs lo the gods. O wise one, as a liberal giver. Bestow on us, O priest, abundant food. Agni, obtain, by sacrificing, mighty wealth for us. Procure, O Agni, for ever to him who prays to you (the gift of) noutishment, the wonderful cow. May a son be ours offspring that continues out line. Versus such as these were composed in a special kind of Sanskrit, known as Vedic Sanskrit. They were taught orally to men belonging to priestly families. Why were sacrifices performed during Vedic Petiod? |
| Answer» <html><body><p></p><a href="https://interviewquestions.tuteehub.com/tag/solution-25781" style="font-weight:bold;" target="_blank" title="Click to know more about SOLUTION">SOLUTION</a> :Many of these <a href="https://interviewquestions.tuteehub.com/tag/hymns-1034471" style="font-weight:bold;" target="_blank" title="Click to know more about HYMNS">HYMNS</a> from the Rigveda, were chanted when sacrifices were performed, where <a href="https://interviewquestions.tuteehub.com/tag/people-1150079" style="font-weight:bold;" target="_blank" title="Click to know more about PEOPLE">PEOPLE</a> prayed for cattle, sons, good health, <a href="https://interviewquestions.tuteehub.com/tag/long-537592" style="font-weight:bold;" target="_blank" title="Click to know more about LONG">LONG</a> life, etc.</body></html> | |
| 132. |
Mushika Vamsha' written by Atula in the eleventh century give an account of the dynasty which ruled a part of a modern indian sate. Which sate is this? |
| Answer» <html><body><p><a href="https://interviewquestions.tuteehub.com/tag/andhra-377846" style="font-weight:bold;" target="_blank" title="Click to know more about ANDHRA">ANDHRA</a> pradesh<br/>Kerala<br/>Maharahtra<br/>Orissa</p>Solution : <a href="https://interviewquestions.tuteehub.com/tag/na-572417" style="font-weight:bold;" target="_blank" title="Click to know more about NA">NA</a></body></html> | |
| 133. |
Analyze Akbar's religious policy. |
| Answer» <html><body><p></p>Solution :(i) Akbar believed in the equality of all religions and <a href="https://interviewquestions.tuteehub.com/tag/developed-431631" style="font-weight:bold;" target="_blank" title="Click to know more about DEVELOPED">DEVELOPED</a> a secular outlook. This was infact a necessity in an empire which consisted of many different ethnic and religious communities. <br/>(ii) He started discussions on religion with the <a href="https://interviewquestions.tuteehub.com/tag/ulama-1435633" style="font-weight:bold;" target="_blank" title="Click to know more about ULAMA">ULAMA</a>, Brahman, Jesuit priests and <a href="https://interviewquestions.tuteehub.com/tag/zoroastrians-751579" style="font-weight:bold;" target="_blank" title="Click to know more about ZOROASTRIANS">ZOROASTRIANS</a>. These discussions took place in the Ibadat Khana.<br/> (iii) His interaction with people of different <a href="https://interviewquestions.tuteehub.com/tag/faiths-983172" style="font-weight:bold;" target="_blank" title="Click to know more about FAITHS">FAITHS</a> made him realise that religious scholars who emphasised on ritual and dogma were often bigots. <br/>(iv) In Sulh-i-kul all religions and school of thought had freedom of expression but on condition that they did not undermine the authority of the state or fight among themselves.<br/> (v) Abul Faz1 and Akbar in framed a vision of governance around the idea of sulh-i-kul. These principles were later on followed by Jahangir and Shahjahan as well.<br/> (vi) All the Mughal emperors gave grants to support the building and maintenance of places of worship. When temples were destroyed during war, grants were later given for their repair as can be seen from the reigns of Shah <a href="https://interviewquestions.tuteehub.com/tag/jahan-522590" style="font-weight:bold;" target="_blank" title="Click to know more about JAHAN">JAHAN</a> and Aurangzeb.</body></html> | |
| 134. |
How were towns different from rural areas in nineteenth century India? |
| Answer» <html><body><p></p>Solution :(i) Towns were often declined in opposition to rural areas. They came to represent specific forms of <a href="https://interviewquestions.tuteehub.com/tag/economic-448435" style="font-weight:bold;" target="_blank" title="Click to know more about ECONOMIC">ECONOMIC</a> <a href="https://interviewquestions.tuteehub.com/tag/activities-848359" style="font-weight:bold;" target="_blank" title="Click to know more about ACTIVITIES">ACTIVITIES</a> and <a href="https://interviewquestions.tuteehub.com/tag/cultures-940537" style="font-weight:bold;" target="_blank" title="Click to know more about CULTURES">CULTURES</a>. (ii) In the countryside people subsisted by cultivating land, foraging in the forest, or rearing animals. Towns by contrast were peopled with artisans, traders, administrators and rulers. (iii) Towns dominated over the rural population, thriving on the <a href="https://interviewquestions.tuteehub.com/tag/surplus-656730" style="font-weight:bold;" target="_blank" title="Click to know more about SURPLUS">SURPLUS</a> and taxes derived from agriculture. (iv) Towns and cities were often <a href="https://interviewquestions.tuteehub.com/tag/fortified-2079388" style="font-weight:bold;" target="_blank" title="Click to know more about FORTIFIED">FORTIFIED</a> by walls which symbolised their separation from the countryside</body></html> | |
| 135. |
Explain the distinctive festures of theresidential buildings of the Mohenjodaro. |
| Answer» <html><body><p></p>Solution : The lower town at Mohenjodaro gives instances of residential buildings. Several of these buildings were situated on a courtyard with rooms on all sides. <br/> (<a href="https://interviewquestions.tuteehub.com/tag/ii-1036832" style="font-weight:bold;" target="_blank" title="Click to know more about II">II</a>) It scems that the courtyard was the centre of varlous activities e.g., weaving and cooking. However, there were no windows in the walls along the ground level. <a href="https://interviewquestions.tuteehub.com/tag/moreover-563893" style="font-weight:bold;" target="_blank" title="Click to know more about MOREOVER">MOREOVER</a>, the main <a href="https://interviewquestions.tuteehub.com/tag/entrance-972781" style="font-weight:bold;" target="_blank" title="Click to know more about ENTRANCE">ENTRANCE</a> does not provide a direct view of the courtyard. <br/>(iii) Every residential building comprised of its own bathroom paved with bricks. Drains were connected through the <a href="https://interviewquestions.tuteehub.com/tag/wall-1448655" style="font-weight:bold;" target="_blank" title="Click to know more about WALL">WALL</a> to the street drains <br/> (iv) Some buildings had remains of staircases to reach a second storey or the roof of the house. In several houses, wells have been found, usually in a room that could be approached from the outside. Probably, it could be <a href="https://interviewquestions.tuteehub.com/tag/used-2318798" style="font-weight:bold;" target="_blank" title="Click to know more about USED">USED</a> by passers-by the Mughal.</body></html> | |
| 136. |
Find out about the route of the Dandi March. On a map of Gujarat plot the line of the march and mark the major towns and villages that it passed along the route. |
| Answer» <html><body><p></p><a href="https://interviewquestions.tuteehub.com/tag/solution-25781" style="font-weight:bold;" target="_blank" title="Click to know more about SOLUTION">SOLUTION</a> :Dandi March was started from Sabarmati <a href="https://interviewquestions.tuteehub.com/tag/ashram-383230" style="font-weight:bold;" target="_blank" title="Click to know more about ASHRAM">ASHRAM</a>. This Ashram is in Ahmedabad (Gujarat). The route <a href="https://interviewquestions.tuteehub.com/tag/followed-2079285" style="font-weight:bold;" target="_blank" title="Click to know more about FOLLOWED">FOLLOWED</a> from Ahmedabad to <a href="https://interviewquestions.tuteehub.com/tag/vadodara-686" style="font-weight:bold;" target="_blank" title="Click to know more about VADODARA">VADODARA</a> and from there to Surat. Squares 1, <a href="https://interviewquestions.tuteehub.com/tag/2-283658" style="font-weight:bold;" target="_blank" title="Click to know more about 2">2</a> and 3 are used to mark the Dandi expedition route. <br/> <img src="https://d10lpgp6xz60nq.cloudfront.net/physics_images/FM_HIS_XII_C13_E01_011_S01.png" width="80%"/> <br/> <img src="https://d10lpgp6xz60nq.cloudfront.net/physics_images/FM_HIS_XII_C13_E01_011_S02.png" width="80%"/> <br/> <img src="https://d10lpgp6xz60nq.cloudfront.net/physics_images/FM_HIS_XII_C13_E01_011_S03.png" width="80%"/></body></html> | |
| 137. |
List some of the problems faced by epigraphists. |
| Answer» <html><body><p></p>Solution :The problems which were faced by epigrapghists are as follows. <br/> (A) Technical : <br/> (i) sometimes the letters are very <a href="https://interviewquestions.tuteehub.com/tag/faintly-7681902" style="font-weight:bold;" target="_blank" title="Click to know more about FAINTLY">FAINTLY</a> <a href="https://interviewquestions.tuteehub.com/tag/engraved-7375531" style="font-weight:bold;" target="_blank" title="Click to know more about ENGRAVED">ENGRAVED</a>, and thus there is uncertainty of reconstructions, inscriptions may be damaged or lwtter missing.<br/> (ii) It is not always may easy to be sure about the exact meaning of the words used in inscriptions some of which may be specific to a particular place or time . Historians constantly debating and discussing alternative ways of reading the inscriptions.<br/> (B) Problem of Deciphering: Several thousand inscriptions have been discovered, not all have been deciphered, published and translated . Besides many more inscriptions must haveexisted which have not survived theravages of time. <br/> (<a href="https://interviewquestions.tuteehub.com/tag/c-7168" style="font-weight:bold;" target="_blank" title="Click to know more about C">C</a>) Fundamental Problem: <br/> (i) It is not everything, that we may cosider politically or economically significant wasnecessarily recorded in inscriptions. For example, routine agricultuaral practices and the joys and <a href="https://interviewquestions.tuteehub.com/tag/sorrows-1219068" style="font-weight:bold;" target="_blank" title="Click to know more about SORROWS">SORROWS</a> of daily existence find no mention in inscription that focus, more often then not on grand, unique events. <br/> (ii) The content of inscriptions almost invariable protects the perspective of the persons who commissioned them <br/> In brief, the epigraphy alone does not provide a full understanding of political and economic history for which historians often questioned both old and <a href="https://interviewquestions.tuteehub.com/tag/new-1114486" style="font-weight:bold;" target="_blank" title="Click to know more about NEW">NEW</a> evidences.</body></html> | |
| 138. |
Mention any two features of the temple complexes in Vijayanagara. |
| Answer» <html><body><p></p>Solution :(i) The <a href="https://interviewquestions.tuteehub.com/tag/scenes-1195756" style="font-weight:bold;" target="_blank" title="Click to know more about SCENES">SCENES</a> from the <a href="https://interviewquestions.tuteehub.com/tag/mahabharata-551301" style="font-weight:bold;" target="_blank" title="Click to know more about MAHABHARATA">MAHABHARATA</a> were <a href="https://interviewquestions.tuteehub.com/tag/depicted-7375268" style="font-weight:bold;" target="_blank" title="Click to know more about DEPICTED">DEPICTED</a> on the walls of roof of the temple. <br/> (ii) The gopuram of this temple is `52` feet high and had mandaps, has a pavilion beside long and pillared a corridors.</body></html> | |
| 139. |
The king pulakesin II belonged to which Dynasty? |
| Answer» <html><body><p>Cholas <br/>cheras<br/>chalukyas<br/>Chedis</p>Solution :Pulkesin II was the greatest Chalukya <a href="https://interviewquestions.tuteehub.com/tag/king-1064356" style="font-weight:bold;" target="_blank" title="Click to know more about KING">KING</a>. He <a href="https://interviewquestions.tuteehub.com/tag/defeated-2048478" style="font-weight:bold;" target="_blank" title="Click to know more about DEFEATED">DEFEATED</a> <a href="https://interviewquestions.tuteehub.com/tag/harsh-482800" style="font-weight:bold;" target="_blank" title="Click to know more about HARSH">HARSH</a> on <a href="https://interviewquestions.tuteehub.com/tag/bank-13461" style="font-weight:bold;" target="_blank" title="Click to know more about BANK">BANK</a> of Narmada.</body></html> | |
| 140. |
The nationalist movement in the twentieth century drew its inspiration from the events of 1857. A whole world of nationalist imagination was woven around the Revolt. It was celebrated as the First War of Indipendance in which all sections of the people of India came together to fight imperial rule." "The Revolt of 1857 marked first nationalistchallenge to the English in India." Explain giving examples practised by the rebels to set the beginning for it. |
| Answer» <html><body><p></p>Solution :The Revolt of 1857 was truly secular in its <a href="https://interviewquestions.tuteehub.com/tag/action-2544" style="font-weight:bold;" target="_blank" title="Click to know more about ACTION">ACTION</a> and perception. The <a href="https://interviewquestions.tuteehub.com/tag/rebels-1179229" style="font-weight:bold;" target="_blank" title="Click to know more about REBELS">REBELS</a> <a href="https://interviewquestions.tuteehub.com/tag/appealed-7662766" style="font-weight:bold;" target="_blank" title="Click to know more about APPEALED">APPEALED</a> time and again to all sections of <a href="https://interviewquestions.tuteehub.com/tag/population-1159440" style="font-weight:bold;" target="_blank" title="Click to know more about POPULATION">POPULATION</a> irrespective of their caste, religion and creed. Hindus and Muslims made a bridge of mutually accepted sentiments and the same was supported by the pillars of the Hindu-Muslim unity The rebellion was considered as a war in which both Hindus and Muslims had equally to lose or gain. The British tried to create cracks in the Hindu- Muslim unity, but such cracks were hardly <a href="https://interviewquestions.tuteehub.com/tag/noticeable-7699971" style="font-weight:bold;" target="_blank" title="Click to know more about NOTICEABLE">NOTICEABLE</a>.</body></html> | |
| 141. |
Explain any two functionsof the jati panchayats in the16th and 17th century. |
| Answer» <html><body><p></p>Solution :(i) Jati panchayat decided civil casesbetween <a href="https://interviewquestions.tuteehub.com/tag/members-1093187" style="font-weight:bold;" target="_blank" title="Click to know more about MEMBERS">MEMBERS</a> of differentcastes. They decided land <a href="https://interviewquestions.tuteehub.com/tag/disputers-7677930" style="font-weight:bold;" target="_blank" title="Click to know more about DISPUTERS">DISPUTERS</a> and whether marriagewere being <a href="https://interviewquestions.tuteehub.com/tag/performed-2211234" style="font-weight:bold;" target="_blank" title="Click to know more about PERFORMED">PERFORMED</a> as per caste names .<br/>(ii)They decidedwho had <a href="https://interviewquestions.tuteehub.com/tag/ritual-1189893" style="font-weight:bold;" target="_blank" title="Click to know more about RITUAL">RITUAL</a> precedence in village <a href="https://interviewquestions.tuteehub.com/tag/functions-13351" style="font-weight:bold;" target="_blank" title="Click to know more about FUNCTIONS">FUNCTIONS</a>. Except criminal justice the state respected the decisions ofthe Jati panchayats.</body></html> | |
| 142. |
Explain the major social changes taken place in social life during the Mahabharata period. |
| Answer» <html><body><p></p>Solution :Many social changes were witnessed during the Mahabharata period in kinship, caste and class. <br/>The important changes were as follows : <br/>(i) Varna system was fullyestablished and the sacrifical traditions were perpetuated leading to be dominance of the Brahmanas. <br/> (ii) Responsibilities were laid on close cooperation between Brahmanas and Kshatriyas to maintain order and subordination of other castes. Whereas it needs to be noted conflicts and tensions among them on the questionof supremacy was an underlying aspect. <br/> (iii) The Vaishyas engaged in productive activities paid tribute to the Kshatriyas "daan" to Brahmanas generously . <br by="" control="" determined="" kinship="" over="" was=""/>RESOURCES, land and power evident in the feud between the kauravas adn Pandavas. <br/> (v) <a href="https://interviewquestions.tuteehub.com/tag/idea-1035480" style="font-weight:bold;" target="_blank" title="Click to know more about IDEA">IDEA</a> of patriliny was reinforced. This was not unique to the ruling classes as these <a href="https://interviewquestions.tuteehub.com/tag/attributes-19483" style="font-weight:bold;" target="_blank" title="Click to know more about ATTRIBUTES">ATTRIBUTES</a> were shared by wealthy men and those who claimed high status. <br/>(vi) While sons were important for continuity of patrilineage . Preference of exogamy as regards marriage of daughter . Rules of gotra were particularly important in marriages. While mothers were symbolically given importance , their influenced declined.<br/> (vii) Status of women declined as property , castes proliterated into number of jatis as a result of assimilation of foreigners into Indian society . <br/> (viii) There also developed a sharper social divide as certain social <a href="https://interviewquestions.tuteehub.com/tag/categories-910752" style="font-weight:bold;" target="_blank" title="Click to know more about CATEGORIES">CATEGORIES</a> were classified as untouchables . <br/>Practice of gendered and varna access to property-women could not claim a <a href="https://interviewquestions.tuteehub.com/tag/share-25805" style="font-weight:bold;" target="_blank" title="Click to know more about SHARE">SHARE</a> in paternal resources.</body></html> | |
| 143. |
Explain the views given in favour of separate electorates in the constituent assembly. |
| Answer» <html><body><p></p>Solution :(i) On 27 August, 1947. B. Pocker Bahadur from Madras moved a <a href="https://interviewquestions.tuteehub.com/tag/powerful-1161984" style="font-weight:bold;" target="_blank" title="Click to know more about POWERFUL">POWERFUL</a> plea for continuing separate <a href="https://interviewquestions.tuteehub.com/tag/electorates-967868" style="font-weight:bold;" target="_blank" title="Click to know more about ELECTORATES">ELECTORATES</a>. He explained that minorities existed in all lands. They could not be washed away. <br/> (ii) The need was to create a political framework in which minorities could livein harmony with <a href="https://interviewquestions.tuteehub.com/tag/others-588141" style="font-weight:bold;" target="_blank" title="Click to know more about OTHERS">OTHERS</a>, and the differences between communities could be minimised.<br/> (iii) The minorities will be represented with in the political system, their voices heard and their views taken in to account. <br/> (iv) Only separate electorates would <a href="https://interviewquestions.tuteehub.com/tag/ensure-972238" style="font-weight:bold;" target="_blank" title="Click to know more about ENSURE">ENSURE</a> that muslims had meaningful voice in the governance of the country. <br/> (v) The needs of muslims could not be properly understood by non-muslims, nor could a true representative of muslims be chosen by <a href="https://interviewquestions.tuteehub.com/tag/people-1150079" style="font-weight:bold;" target="_blank" title="Click to know more about PEOPLE">PEOPLE</a> who did not belong to that community.</body></html> | |
| 144. |
which one among the following sects was associted with Gosala Maskariputra? |
| Answer» <html><body><p>Vajrayana<br/>Ajivikas <br/>Sthaviravadines <br/>Mehasanghikas</p>Solution :Makkhali <a href="https://interviewquestions.tuteehub.com/tag/gosala-2678865" style="font-weight:bold;" target="_blank" title="Click to know more about GOSALA">GOSALA</a> (pali,<a href="https://interviewquestions.tuteehub.com/tag/sanskrit-636017" style="font-weight:bold;" target="_blank" title="Click to know more about SANSKRIT">SANSKRIT</a> Gosala Maskariputra, c.484 BCE ) as the founder of the Ajivika sect, other sourcessate that Gosala was only a <a href="https://interviewquestions.tuteehub.com/tag/leader-540407" style="font-weight:bold;" target="_blank" title="Click to know more about LEADER">LEADER</a> of a large Ajivika <a href="https://interviewquestions.tuteehub.com/tag/congregation-409761" style="font-weight:bold;" target="_blank" title="Click to know more about CONGREGATION">CONGREGATION</a> of ascetices, but not the founder of the <a href="https://interviewquestions.tuteehub.com/tag/movement-1104563" style="font-weight:bold;" target="_blank" title="Click to know more about MOVEMENT">MOVEMENT</a> himself.</body></html> | |
| 145. |
The world beyond the palace Just as the Buddha's teaching were compiled by this followers , the teachings of Mahavira were also recorded by his disciples . These were often in the form of stories , which could appeal to ordinary people . Here is one example, from a Prakrit text known as the Uttaradhyayana Sutta , describing how a queen named Kamalavati tried to persuade her husband to renounce the world: If the whole world and all this treasures were yours, you would not be satisfied , nor would all this be able to save you , When you die , O king and leave all things behind , dhamma alone , and nothing else, will save you . As a bird dislikes the cage, so do I dislike (the world) . I shall live as a nun without offspring , without desire , without the love of gain and without hatred . Those who have enjoyed pleasures and renounced them, move about like the wind, and go wherever they please, unchecked like birds in their flight...... Leave your large kingdom .............abandon what pleases the senses, be without attachment and property , then practise severe penance, being firm of energy .... Name the text from which this excerpt has been taken . What is the language of the text ? |
| Answer» <html><body><p></p>Solution : The <a href="https://interviewquestions.tuteehub.com/tag/name-573193" style="font-weight:bold;" target="_blank" title="Click to know more about NAME">NAME</a> of the text is Uttaradhyayana <a href="https://interviewquestions.tuteehub.com/tag/sutta-657080" style="font-weight:bold;" target="_blank" title="Click to know more about SUTTA">SUTTA</a>. The language of the text is <a href="https://interviewquestions.tuteehub.com/tag/prakrit-604198" style="font-weight:bold;" target="_blank" title="Click to know more about PRAKRIT">PRAKRIT</a>.</body></html> | |
| 146. |
The world beyond the palace Just as the Buddha's teaching were compiled by this followers , the teachings of Mahavira were also recorded by his disciples . These were often in the form of stories , which could appeal to ordinary people . Here is one example, from a Prakrit text known as the Uttaradhyayana Sutta , describing how a queen named Kamalavati tried to persuade her husband to renounce the world: If the whole world and all this treasures were yours, you would not be satisfied , nor would all this be able to save you , When you die , O king and leave all things behind , dhamma alone , and nothing else, will save you . As a bird dislikes the cage, so do I dislike (the world) . I shall live as a nun without offspring , without desire , without the love of gain and without hatred . Those who have enjoyed pleasures and renounced them, move about like the wind, and go wherever they please, unchecked like birds in their flight...... Leave your large kingdom .............abandon what pleases the senses, be without attachment and property , then practise severe penance, being firm of energy .... What did Queen Kamalavati ask the king to renounce ? |
| Answer» <html><body><p></p><a href="https://interviewquestions.tuteehub.com/tag/solution-25781" style="font-weight:bold;" target="_blank" title="Click to know more about SOLUTION">SOLUTION</a> :Queen Kamalavati ask the <a href="https://interviewquestions.tuteehub.com/tag/king-1064356" style="font-weight:bold;" target="_blank" title="Click to know more about KING">KING</a> to renounce the world , the kingdom , <a href="https://interviewquestions.tuteehub.com/tag/abandon-360888" style="font-weight:bold;" target="_blank" title="Click to know more about ABANDON">ABANDON</a> what <a href="https://interviewquestions.tuteehub.com/tag/pleases-1156692" style="font-weight:bold;" target="_blank" title="Click to know more about PLEASES">PLEASES</a> the senses , be without attachment and renounced <a href="https://interviewquestions.tuteehub.com/tag/pleasures-1156707" style="font-weight:bold;" target="_blank" title="Click to know more about PLEASURES">PLEASURES</a>.</body></html> | |
| 147. |
The world beyond the palace Just as the Buddha's teaching were compiled by this followers , the teachings of Mahavira were also recorded by his disciples . These were often in the form of stories , which could appeal to ordinary people . Here is one example, from a Prakrit text known as the Uttaradhyayana Sutta , describing how a queen named Kamalavati tried to persuade her husband to renounce the world: If the whole world and all this treasures were yours, you would not be satisfied , nor would all this be able to save you , When you die , O king and leave all things behind , dhamma alone , and nothing else, will save you . As a bird dislikes the cage, so do I dislike (the world) . I shall live as a nun without offspring , without desire , without the love of gain and without hatred . Those who have enjoyed pleasures and renounced them, move about like the wind, and go wherever they please, unchecked like birds in their flight...... Leave your large kingdom .............abandon what pleases the senses, be without attachment and property , then practise severe penance, being firm of energy .... Describe the main principles of Jainism . |
| Answer» <html><body><p></p><a href="https://interviewquestions.tuteehub.com/tag/solution-25781" style="font-weight:bold;" target="_blank" title="Click to know more about SOLUTION">SOLUTION</a> :<a href="https://interviewquestions.tuteehub.com/tag/main-552371" style="font-weight:bold;" target="_blank" title="Click to know more about MAIN">MAIN</a> principles of <a href="https://interviewquestions.tuteehub.com/tag/jainism-522824" style="font-weight:bold;" target="_blank" title="Click to know more about JAINISM">JAINISM</a> : <br/> (a) Entire world is animated . Even stones, rocks ,and water have life . <br/> (b) Non - injury to living beings, especially humans, <a href="https://interviewquestions.tuteehub.com/tag/animals-875924" style="font-weight:bold;" target="_blank" title="Click to know more about ANIMALS">ANIMALS</a>, plants and insects. <br/> (c) Cycle of <a href="https://interviewquestions.tuteehub.com/tag/birth-898411" style="font-weight:bold;" target="_blank" title="Click to know more about BIRTH">BIRTH</a> and rebirth is shaped through the Karma.</body></html> | |
| 148. |
What was the attitude of the Moderates towards the British? |
| Answer» <html><body><p></p>Solution :(i) The moderates had deep faith in the <a href="https://interviewquestions.tuteehub.com/tag/british-402367" style="font-weight:bold;" target="_blank" title="Click to know more about BRITISH">BRITISH</a> sense of justice, honesty and <a href="https://interviewquestions.tuteehub.com/tag/integrity-1047170" style="font-weight:bold;" target="_blank" title="Click to know more about INTEGRITY">INTEGRITY</a>. They firmly believed in loyalty to the British Crown and their way of protest was by speech and petitions. <br/> (ii) The British government would <a href="https://interviewquestions.tuteehub.com/tag/come-409636" style="font-weight:bold;" target="_blank" title="Click to know more about COME">COME</a> to <a href="https://interviewquestions.tuteehub.com/tag/know-534065" style="font-weight:bold;" target="_blank" title="Click to know more about KNOW">KNOW</a> about the <a href="https://interviewquestions.tuteehub.com/tag/problems-13702" style="font-weight:bold;" target="_blank" title="Click to know more about PROBLEMS">PROBLEMS</a> facing the Indians. They think that British will take the necessary measures to improve their condition.</body></html> | |
| 149. |
Discuss how and why stupas were built. Describe the structure of stupa with example. |
| Answer» <html><body><p></p>Solution :(i) Stupas were the mounds put on the bodily remains of the body of Lord Buddha or of any object that was used by him. At the place of Stupas such objects were buried. <br/> (ii) These were places of great respect under <a href="https://interviewquestions.tuteehub.com/tag/relics-1183964" style="font-weight:bold;" target="_blank" title="Click to know more about RELICS">RELICS</a> of Buddha. As per the description of Asokavadana, a famous Buddhist <a href="https://interviewquestions.tuteehub.com/tag/book-900767" style="font-weight:bold;" target="_blank" title="Click to know more about BOOK">BOOK</a>, Emperor Ashoka gava Buddha.s relic to all major cities . <br/> (iii) The most important Stupas are at Sanchi Bharhut and Sarnath. The structure of a Stupa was like a dome and hemisphere . On the top of it , there would be a balcony <a href="https://interviewquestions.tuteehub.com/tag/called-907796" style="font-weight:bold;" target="_blank" title="Click to know more about CALLED">CALLED</a> harmika. This balcony called harmika . This balcony represented the abode of God . <br/> (iv) The harmika was covered with an umbrella. There used to be railings around the balcony. <br/> (v) The construction of the stupas was made possible by the contribution of many . On the forefront were the monarchs . <br/> (vi) The Satvahana <a href="https://interviewquestions.tuteehub.com/tag/kings-533503" style="font-weight:bold;" target="_blank" title="Click to know more about KINGS">KINGS</a> offered huga amount for the construction , of the stupas.<br/> (vii) Apart from the monarchs,merchants, artisans and common men and women also contributed to the construction of the stupas. <br/> (viii) Others were made by guilds such as ivory <a href="https://interviewquestions.tuteehub.com/tag/workers-1459855" style="font-weight:bold;" target="_blank" title="Click to know more about WORKERS">WORKERS</a> who financed part of one of the gateways at Sanchi.</body></html> | |
| 150. |
Why did when Cabinet Mission was sent to India? |
| Answer» <html><body><p></p>Solution :Cabinet Mission was <a href="https://interviewquestions.tuteehub.com/tag/sent-2256015" style="font-weight:bold;" target="_blank" title="Click to know more about SENT">SENT</a> by the British government in the year 1946. Its objective was to: <br/>(i) <a href="https://interviewquestions.tuteehub.com/tag/sort-648643" style="font-weight:bold;" target="_blank" title="Click to know more about SORT">SORT</a> out the minority Problem. <br/> (<a href="https://interviewquestions.tuteehub.com/tag/ii-1036832" style="font-weight:bold;" target="_blank" title="Click to know more about II">II</a>) Ensure that British leave India by the year <a href="https://interviewquestions.tuteehub.com/tag/1948-281640" style="font-weight:bold;" target="_blank" title="Click to know more about 1948">1948</a>.</body></html> | |