Explore topic-wise InterviewSolutions in Class 12.

This section includes InterviewSolutions, each offering curated multiple-choice questions to sharpen your Class 12 knowledge and support exam preparation. Choose a topic below to get started.

301.

Why did paupers from rural areas flock to cities? Mention two reasons.

Answer» <html><body><p></p>Solution :(i) In <a href="https://interviewquestions.tuteehub.com/tag/hope-25911" style="font-weight:bold;" target="_blank" title="Click to know more about HOPE">HOPE</a> of employment. (ii) In search of new opportunities. (<a href="https://interviewquestions.tuteehub.com/tag/iii-497983" style="font-weight:bold;" target="_blank" title="Click to know more about III">III</a>) Some were <a href="https://interviewquestions.tuteehub.com/tag/attracted-7267689" style="font-weight:bold;" target="_blank" title="Click to know more about ATTRACTED">ATTRACTED</a> by the allure of a different <a href="https://interviewquestions.tuteehub.com/tag/way-1450548" style="font-weight:bold;" target="_blank" title="Click to know more about WAY">WAY</a> of life.</body></html>
302.

Interview any one of your older relatives (mother/father/grandparents/uncles/aunts) who has travelled outside your town or village. Find out (i) where they went, (ii) how they travelled (iii) how long did it take (iv) why they travel (v) and did they face any difficulties. List as many similarities and differences that they may have noticed between their place of residence and the place they visited, focusing on language, clothes, food, customs, buildings, roads, the lives of men and women. Write a report on your findings.

Answer» <html><body><p></p><a href="https://interviewquestions.tuteehub.com/tag/solution-25781" style="font-weight:bold;" target="_blank" title="Click to know more about SOLUTION">SOLUTION</a> :<a href="https://interviewquestions.tuteehub.com/tag/try-1428546" style="font-weight:bold;" target="_blank" title="Click to know more about TRY">TRY</a> it yourself.</body></html>
303.

What were the arguments in favour of greater power to the provinces ?

Answer» <html><body><p></p>Solution :(i) The constituent assembly showed a distinct bias towards the right of the Union of <a href="https://interviewquestions.tuteehub.com/tag/india-54" style="font-weight:bold;" target="_blank" title="Click to know more about INDIA">INDIA</a> over those of its constituent states. The arguments in favour of greater power to the states/provinces were eloquently defended by K. Santhanam of Madras and A. Ramaswamy Mudaliar from <a href="https://interviewquestions.tuteehub.com/tag/mysore-1108" style="font-weight:bold;" target="_blank" title="Click to know more about MYSORE">MYSORE</a>.<br/> (ii) The main <a href="https://interviewquestions.tuteehub.com/tag/tenets-1241634" style="font-weight:bold;" target="_blank" title="Click to know more about TENETS">TENETS</a> of the arguments were a powerful Centre would be over-burdened and inefficient. A member, warned .Centre is likely to break.. Whereas Santhanam predicted a .dark future and argued all provinces would rise in revolt..<br/> (iii) Ramaswami Mudaliar argued proposing a strong centre would not make one a better patriot. According to Santhanam - "It is a misconception that by adding all <a href="https://interviewquestions.tuteehub.com/tag/kinds-1064276" style="font-weight:bold;" target="_blank" title="Click to know more about KINDS">KINDS</a> of power, the centre can be made strong. Rather, an overburdened centre would not be able to carry out its functions effectively." <br/>(iv) Centre, relieved of some functions, would be more efficient, effective and strong also.<br/> (v) On the other side, the financial dependence of states on the centre would cripple, frustrate, make them dependent, provoking them to rise in revolt against the centre.</body></html>
304.

How did Ashoka try to hold his empire together?

Answer» <html><body><p></p>Solution :(i) Ashoka tried to hold his empire together by propagatingdhamma, the principles of which as we have seen wre simple and virtuallyuniversally applicable. <br/> (ii) According to him, , dhamma would <a href="https://interviewquestions.tuteehub.com/tag/ensure-972238" style="font-weight:bold;" target="_blank" title="Click to know more about ENSURE">ENSURE</a> the well being of people in the world and the text. <br/> (iii) Special, officers known as the Dhamma Mahamtta, were appointed to spread the message of dhamma.<br/> (<a href="https://interviewquestions.tuteehub.com/tag/iv-501699" style="font-weight:bold;" target="_blank" title="Click to know more about IV">IV</a>) Ashoka.s edicts <a href="https://interviewquestions.tuteehub.com/tag/throw-1419505" style="font-weight:bold;" target="_blank" title="Click to know more about THROW">THROW</a> very useful light on his Dhamma. <a href="https://interviewquestions.tuteehub.com/tag/one-585732" style="font-weight:bold;" target="_blank" title="Click to know more about ONE">ONE</a> of his edicts says, obedience must be rendered to <a href="https://interviewquestions.tuteehub.com/tag/father-985299" style="font-weight:bold;" target="_blank" title="Click to know more about FATHER">FATHER</a> and mother likewise others. He recommended self examination and introspection.</body></html>
305.

What was the contribution of Babur in the establishment of the Mughal Empire?

Answer» <html><body><p></p>Solution :(i) Babur was the founder of the Mughal Empire in India. His full name was Zahiruddin Babur. He was born on <a href="https://interviewquestions.tuteehub.com/tag/14-272882" style="font-weight:bold;" target="_blank" title="Click to know more about 14">14</a> February, 1483 at Andijan, the capital of Farghana, in the central Asia. <br/>(ii) His father <a href="https://interviewquestions.tuteehub.com/tag/umar-719675" style="font-weight:bold;" target="_blank" title="Click to know more about UMAR">UMAR</a> Shaikh Mirza was a ruler of a small state. After the death of his father, Babur became the ruler of Farghana at the Uzbeks of Central Asia. He expelled warrior community from Samarkand and Farghana. Babur conquered Kabul in 1504. He spent some time in Kabul to consolidate his <a href="https://interviewquestions.tuteehub.com/tag/position-1159826" style="font-weight:bold;" target="_blank" title="Click to know more about POSITION">POSITION</a>. <br/>(iii) After this, he paid attention towards India. At that time, the political condition of India was pitiable. He wanted to expand his empire by winning many parts of India and he wanted to get the huge wealth of India and this strengthened his position.<br/> (iv) Babur defeated Daulat Khan Lodi in the <a href="https://interviewquestions.tuteehub.com/tag/end-971042" style="font-weight:bold;" target="_blank" title="Click to know more about END">END</a> of 1525 and occupied Punjab. It greatly boosted the morale of Babur. So he made up his mind to attack Ibrahim Lodi, the Sultan of Delhi. Babur defeated him on 21 April, 1526 in the first Battle of Panipat. <br/>(v) In this battle, Ibrahim Lodi was killed. It resulted in the <a href="https://interviewquestions.tuteehub.com/tag/establishment-453083" style="font-weight:bold;" target="_blank" title="Click to know more about ESTABLISHMENT">ESTABLISHMENT</a> of the Mughal Empire. So a new era began in the history of India. He defeated Rana Sangha of Mewar in the Battle of Khanwah. He gave a crushing defeat to the Rajputs. Many factors were responsible for the conquest of Indian by Babur.</body></html>
306.

Discuss the development of the 1937-47 period that led to the creation of Pakistan.

Answer» <html><body><p></p>Solution :Developments of the 1937-47 period that led to the creation of Pakistan. <br/> `*`From the late <a href="https://interviewquestions.tuteehub.com/tag/1930s-281376" style="font-weight:bold;" target="_blank" title="Click to know more about 1930S">1930S</a>, the League began viewing the Muslims as a separate "nation" from the Hindus. <br/> `*` This notion developed the tension between some <a href="https://interviewquestions.tuteehub.com/tag/hindu-486388" style="font-weight:bold;" target="_blank" title="Click to know more about HINDU">HINDU</a> and Muslim groups. <br/> `*`The provincial elections of 1937 seemed to have convinced the League that Muslims were a minority and they would have to play second fiddle in any democratic structure. <br/> `*` • Later, the Congress.s failure to mobilise the Muslim masses in 1938, allowed the League to widen its social support. . Meanwhile, in 1940 the Muslim League had moved a resolution demanding "Independent state for Muslims". <br/> `*` In 1945 after the Second World War, the British opened <a href="https://interviewquestions.tuteehub.com/tag/negotiations-1113395" style="font-weight:bold;" target="_blank" title="Click to know more about NEGOTIATIONS">NEGOTIATIONS</a> between the Congress, the Muslim League and themselves for the independence of India. But the talks failed because of the Muslim League.s separatist attitude.<br/> `*`<a href="https://interviewquestions.tuteehub.com/tag/another-876628" style="font-weight:bold;" target="_blank" title="Click to know more about ANOTHER">ANOTHER</a> effort came to unite Hindu and Muslim in the way of Cabinet Mission plan in 1946 which suggested that India should remain united. But it too failed to bring both Hindus and Muslims on a common front. <br/> `*`And finally on <a href="https://interviewquestions.tuteehub.com/tag/16th-277876" style="font-weight:bold;" target="_blank" title="Click to know more about 16TH">16TH</a> August, 1946 Muslim League announced "Direct Action Day" followed by communal riots.</body></html>
307.

What do you mean by Jatakas ? Narrate one example to show the relationship of kings and his subjects?

Answer» <html><body><p></p>Solution :Jatakas are stories probably originated as popular oral tales that we later committed to writing. The Jatakas were written in Pali <a href="https://interviewquestions.tuteehub.com/tag/around-5602275" style="font-weight:bold;" target="_blank" title="Click to know more about AROUND">AROUND</a> the middle of the <a href="https://interviewquestions.tuteehub.com/tag/first-461760" style="font-weight:bold;" target="_blank" title="Click to know more about FIRST">FIRST</a> millenium CE. The relationship of kings and his subjectsare as follows:<br/> (i) The story known as the Gandatindu Jataka which <a href="https://interviewquestions.tuteehub.com/tag/describes-948998" style="font-weight:bold;" target="_blank" title="Click to know more about DESCRIBES">DESCRIBES</a> the plight of subjects of a wicked king, these include elderly woman and men. cultivators, Herders,village boys and even animals. <br. .="" about="" and="" at="" attacked="" by="" collectors="" cursed="" day="" disguise="" during="" eachone="" find="" him="" his="" in="" king="" night="" of="" out="" robbers="" subjects="" tex="" the="" them="" thought="" to="" went="" were="" what="">(iii) To escape from the situation, people abandoned their village and went to live in the forest, the story <a href="https://interviewquestions.tuteehub.com/tag/indicates-1041501" style="font-weight:bold;" target="_blank" title="Click to know more about INDICATES">INDICATES</a> that the relationship between the king and his subjects especially the rural population.<br/> (iv) The kings frequenty tried to fill their coffers by demanding high taxes, which the peasants found oppressive which led there escaping to the forests as reflected in the Jataka story.</br.></body></html>
308.

Who among tyhe folllowing did not bring trading ships to the port of surat in pre- British times ?

Answer» <html><body><p>protugeuse and english <br/> Russian and German <br/> English and Arab <br/> French and Arab </p>Solution :Russian and German did not <a href="https://interviewquestions.tuteehub.com/tag/bring-402271" style="font-weight:bold;" target="_blank" title="Click to know more about BRING">BRING</a> <a href="https://interviewquestions.tuteehub.com/tag/trading-1424689" style="font-weight:bold;" target="_blank" title="Click to know more about TRADING">TRADING</a> <a href="https://interviewquestions.tuteehub.com/tag/ships-1205487" style="font-weight:bold;" target="_blank" title="Click to know more about SHIPS">SHIPS</a> to the port of <a href="https://interviewquestions.tuteehub.com/tag/surat-1501" style="font-weight:bold;" target="_blank" title="Click to know more about SURAT">SURAT</a> in pre- British <a href="https://interviewquestions.tuteehub.com/tag/times-1420471" style="font-weight:bold;" target="_blank" title="Click to know more about TIMES">TIMES</a>.</body></html>
309.

What is Rihla? OR What do you mean by Rihla?

Answer» <html><body><p></p>Solution :(i) Rihla is a <a href="https://interviewquestions.tuteehub.com/tag/book-900767" style="font-weight:bold;" target="_blank" title="Click to know more about BOOK">BOOK</a> on <a href="https://interviewquestions.tuteehub.com/tag/travels-1426842" style="font-weight:bold;" target="_blank" title="Click to know more about TRAVELS">TRAVELS</a> which was written by Ibn-Battuta in <a href="https://interviewquestions.tuteehub.com/tag/arabic-381086" style="font-weight:bold;" target="_blank" title="Click to know more about ARABIC">ARABIC</a>. <br/> (ii) It provides rich and <a href="https://interviewquestions.tuteehub.com/tag/interesting-2743526" style="font-weight:bold;" target="_blank" title="Click to know more about INTERESTING">INTERESTING</a> descriptions about social and cultural <a href="https://interviewquestions.tuteehub.com/tag/life-541672" style="font-weight:bold;" target="_blank" title="Click to know more about LIFE">LIFE</a> in the subcontinent in the 14th century.</body></html>
310.

Who was the first woman to be ordained as a bhikkhum ?

Answer» <html><body><p></p>Solution :The Buddha.s foster mother , Mahaprjapati Gotami was the <a href="https://interviewquestions.tuteehub.com/tag/first-461760" style="font-weight:bold;" target="_blank" title="Click to know more about FIRST">FIRST</a> <a href="https://interviewquestions.tuteehub.com/tag/woman-1458196" style="font-weight:bold;" target="_blank" title="Click to know more about WOMAN">WOMAN</a> to be <a href="https://interviewquestions.tuteehub.com/tag/ordained-7702123" style="font-weight:bold;" target="_blank" title="Click to know more about ORDAINED">ORDAINED</a> as a bhikkhuni .</body></html>
311.

Compare the map in this chapter with map 1 in chapter 2. List the Mahajanapadas and cities located near the kuru-Panchala lands.

Answer» <html><body><p></p>Solution :<img src="https://d10lpgp6xz60nq.cloudfront.net/physics_images/FM_HIS_XII_C03_E01_010_S01.png" width="80%"/> <br/> Mahajanapadas: Kuru, Surasena, Matsya, <a href="https://interviewquestions.tuteehub.com/tag/avanti-386238" style="font-weight:bold;" target="_blank" title="Click to know more about AVANTI">AVANTI</a>, Malla, Koshala, Sakya, <a href="https://interviewquestions.tuteehub.com/tag/vatsa-725408" style="font-weight:bold;" target="_blank" title="Click to know more about VATSA">VATSA</a>, Gandhara, Chedi, Varga. Cities: Hastinapur, Indraprastha, Pataliputra, <a href="https://interviewquestions.tuteehub.com/tag/bodh-2477685" style="font-weight:bold;" target="_blank" title="Click to know more about BODH">BODH</a> Gaya, Mathura, Ujjayini, Sarnath, <a href="https://interviewquestions.tuteehub.com/tag/shravasti-642967" style="font-weight:bold;" target="_blank" title="Click to know more about SHRAVASTI">SHRAVASTI</a>, Lumbini, Kapilavastu, Pava, Khushinagar, <a href="https://interviewquestions.tuteehub.com/tag/virat-727678" style="font-weight:bold;" target="_blank" title="Click to know more about VIRAT">VIRAT</a>.</body></html>
312.

Historians have used different kinds of sources in reconstructing the political career of Gandhiji and the history of social and nationalist movements. Substantiate the statement with examples

Answer» <html><body><p></p>Solution :Public voice and private scripts : Important <a href="https://interviewquestions.tuteehub.com/tag/sources-1219409" style="font-weight:bold;" target="_blank" title="Click to know more about SOURCES">SOURCES</a> of the writings and speeches of Mahatma <a href="https://interviewquestions.tuteehub.com/tag/gandhi-470223" style="font-weight:bold;" target="_blank" title="Click to know more about GANDHI">GANDHI</a> and his contemporaries, including both his associates and his political adversaries. Speeches, for instance, allow us to hear the public voice of an individual, while private letters give us a glimpse of his or her private thoughts. Mahatma Gandhi regularly published in his journal, 'Harijan', letters that others wrote to him. Nehru <a href="https://interviewquestions.tuteehub.com/tag/edited-7258194" style="font-weight:bold;" target="_blank" title="Click to know more about EDITED">EDITED</a> a collection of letters written to him during the national movement and published 'A Bunch of Old Letters'. <br/> (ii) Framing a picture : Autobiographics similarly give us an account of the past that is often rich in human detail. But these are retrospective accounts written very often from memory. They tell us what the author could recollect and thought as important to write and be viewed by others. <br/> (<a href="https://interviewquestions.tuteehub.com/tag/iii-497983" style="font-weight:bold;" target="_blank" title="Click to know more about III">III</a>) Through police eyes : Another vital source is government records. The letters and reports written byolicemen and other officials were secret at the time, but now can be accessed in archives. <br/> For instance, the fortnightly reports that were prepared by the Homeepartment from the early twentieth century. These reports were based on police information from the localities, but often expressed what the higher officials saw, or wanted to <a href="https://interviewquestions.tuteehub.com/tag/believe-395244" style="font-weight:bold;" target="_blank" title="Click to know more about BELIEVE">BELIEVE</a>. The march was seen as a an antic, a desperate effort to mobilise people who were unwilling to rise against the British and pleased with the British Raj. <br/> (iv) From newspapers: One more important source is contemporary newspapers, published in English as well as in the different Indian languages, which tracked Mahatma Gandhi's movements and reported on his activities, and also represented what the people thought of hin. However, newspaper accounts can too be prejudiced politically. <br/> The accounts that were published in a London newspaper would be different from the report in an Indian nationalist paper.</body></html>
313.

State any two features of Indian constitution.

Answer» <html><body><p></p>Solution :(i) It establishes a sovereign, <a href="https://interviewquestions.tuteehub.com/tag/socialist-1215184" style="font-weight:bold;" target="_blank" title="Click to know more about SOCIALIST">SOCIALIST</a>, democratic and republic of <a href="https://interviewquestions.tuteehub.com/tag/india-54" style="font-weight:bold;" target="_blank" title="Click to know more about INDIA">INDIA</a>. <br/> (ii) It establishes a secular state of India.<br/> (iii) It establishes a <a href="https://interviewquestions.tuteehub.com/tag/parliamentary-596279" style="font-weight:bold;" target="_blank" title="Click to know more about PARLIAMENTARY">PARLIAMENTARY</a> <a href="https://interviewquestions.tuteehub.com/tag/form-996208" style="font-weight:bold;" target="_blank" title="Click to know more about FORM">FORM</a> of government.</body></html>
314.

Among the best preserved monuments of the 600 BCE to 600 CE is the Stupa at Sanchi. Justify the statement with suitable arguments in the context of its sculptural features and conservation policy taken up in the nineteenth century.

Answer» <html><body><p></p>Solution :Stupas were sacred places where the relics of the Buddha such as his bodily <a href="https://interviewquestions.tuteehub.com/tag/remains-621920" style="font-weight:bold;" target="_blank" title="Click to know more about REMAINS">REMAINS</a> or objects used by him were buried. According to a Buddhist text known as the Ashokavadana. Ashoka distributed portions of the Buddha's relics to every important town and ordered the construction of stupas over them. By the second century BCE a number of Stupas, like Sanchi and others had been built. Art historians have carefully studied the sculprure at Sanchi and identified it as a scene from the Vessantara Jataka. The empty seat was meant to indicate the meditation of the Buddha, and the stupa was meant to represent the Mahaparinirbana. Another <a href="https://interviewquestions.tuteehub.com/tag/frequently-7272853" style="font-weight:bold;" target="_blank" title="Click to know more about FREQUENTLY">FREQUENTLY</a> used symbol was the wheel. This stood for the first sermon of the Buddha, delivered at Sarnath. The tree symbolises an event in the life of the Buddha. According to popular belief, Shalabhanjika was a woman whose touch caused trees to fower and bear fruit. It is <a href="https://interviewquestions.tuteehub.com/tag/likely-537197" style="font-weight:bold;" target="_blank" title="Click to know more about LIKELY">LIKELY</a> that this was regarded as an auspicious symbol and integrated into the <a href="https://interviewquestions.tuteehub.com/tag/decoration-946067" style="font-weight:bold;" target="_blank" title="Click to know more about DECORATION">DECORATION</a> of the stupa. Animals were after used as symbols of human attributes. Elephants (signify strength and wisdom), horses, monkeys and battle scenes are also engraved at the stupa. While some historians identify the figure the mother of the Buddha, othars identify her with a popular goddess, Gajalakshmi-literally, the goddess of good fortune-who is associated with elephants. Serpent found on several pillars seems to be derived from other popular traditions. Eonservationr poticy taken up-in the-nineteenth century: <br/>The rulers of Bhopal in the 19th century, Shahjehan Begum and her successor Sultan Jehan Begum, provided money for the prescrvation of the ancient site. John Marshall dedicated his important volumes on Sanchi to Sultan Jehan. She funded the museum and publication of the volumes on Sanchi written by John Marshall. <br/> French sought ruler Shah Jehan Begum's petmission to take away the eastern gateway of Sanchi Stupa but both French and the English were satisfied with carefully prepared plaster cast copies and the original remained at the site.</body></html>
315.

How were hill stations a distinctive features of colonial urban development?

Answer» <html><body><p></p>Solution :(i) These <a href="https://interviewquestions.tuteehub.com/tag/cities-917075" style="font-weight:bold;" target="_blank" title="Click to know more about CITIES">CITIES</a> served as the headquarters of the <a href="https://interviewquestions.tuteehub.com/tag/british-402367" style="font-weight:bold;" target="_blank" title="Click to know more about BRITISH">BRITISH</a> army and the <a href="https://interviewquestions.tuteehub.com/tag/major-552614" style="font-weight:bold;" target="_blank" title="Click to know more about MAJOR">MAJOR</a> centre of administration (ii) The <a href="https://interviewquestions.tuteehub.com/tag/troops-1427891" style="font-weight:bold;" target="_blank" title="Click to know more about TROOPS">TROOPS</a> stayed here, whenever a campaign was <a href="https://interviewquestions.tuteehub.com/tag/launched-2154987" style="font-weight:bold;" target="_blank" title="Click to know more about LAUNCHED">LAUNCHED</a> against the enemy.</body></html>
316.

State any two characteristic features of the towns built by the Mughals in India during sixteenth and seventeenth centuries.

Answer» <html><body><p></p>Solution :During the sixteenth and <a href="https://interviewquestions.tuteehub.com/tag/seventeenth-640584" style="font-weight:bold;" target="_blank" title="Click to know more about SEVENTEENTH">SEVENTEENTH</a> centuries, the towns built by the Mughals were famous for their concentration of populations, their monumental buildings and their imperial <a href="https://interviewquestions.tuteehub.com/tag/grandeur-469133" style="font-weight:bold;" target="_blank" title="Click to know more about GRANDEUR">GRANDEUR</a> and <a href="https://interviewquestions.tuteehub.com/tag/wealth-1450804" style="font-weight:bold;" target="_blank" title="Click to know more about WEALTH">WEALTH</a>. They were centres for the production of exclusive handicrafts for the king and the nobles. These towns had <a href="https://interviewquestions.tuteehub.com/tag/mosques-564052" style="font-weight:bold;" target="_blank" title="Click to know more about MOSQUES">MOSQUES</a>, tombs, gardens, bazars etc. They were centres for the production of exclusive handicrafts for the king and the nobles These towns had mosques, tombs, gardens, bazars etc. <a href="https://interviewquestions.tuteehub.com/tag/agra-3343" style="font-weight:bold;" target="_blank" title="Click to know more about AGRA">AGRA</a>, Delhi and Lahore were important centres of imperial administration and control.</body></html>
317.

Why did the British take upon themselves the task of town planning? Give any two reasons.

Answer» <html><body><p></p>Solution : A. The credit of town planning in Bengal goes to British who framed rules and regulations for urban land. The use of urban land was inspired by a vision of excellent town planning.<br/> B. A number of factors (reasons) were <a href="https://interviewquestions.tuteehub.com/tag/responsible-613932" style="font-weight:bold;" target="_blank" title="Click to know more about RESPONSIBLE">RESPONSIBLE</a> for it. The most important among them were the following: (a) Defence Purpose: (i) The British <a href="https://interviewquestions.tuteehub.com/tag/took-3223163" style="font-weight:bold;" target="_blank" title="Click to know more about TOOK">TOOK</a> up the task of town planning for the defence purpose against the local rulers. In 1756 the nawab of Bengal Sirajudaula attacked Calcultta and sacked the small men to keep their goods. (ii) The <a href="https://interviewquestions.tuteehub.com/tag/traders-1424679" style="font-weight:bold;" target="_blank" title="Click to know more about TRADERS">TRADERS</a> of the company challenged the authority of nawab and refused to pay custom duty. Angered by this the Nawab decided to assert his authority. (b) Construction of <a href="https://interviewquestions.tuteehub.com/tag/fort-996950" style="font-weight:bold;" target="_blank" title="Click to know more about FORT">FORT</a> William: (i) The British asserted the monopoly over Bengal by defeating Sirajudaula in the battle of Plassey which was fought in 1757. (ii) So the company decided to build a new fort which is <a href="https://interviewquestions.tuteehub.com/tag/invincible-499586" style="font-weight:bold;" target="_blank" title="Click to know more about INVINCIBLE">INVINCIBLE</a> and impregnable.</body></html>
318.

What do you mean by the term culture? In case of Harappan culture what are these distinctive objects and from which areas were these objects found?

Answer» <html><body><p></p>Solution :(i) The term .<a href="https://interviewquestions.tuteehub.com/tag/culture-940503" style="font-weight:bold;" target="_blank" title="Click to know more about CULTURE">CULTURE</a> is used for a <a href="https://interviewquestions.tuteehub.com/tag/group-1013370" style="font-weight:bold;" target="_blank" title="Click to know more about GROUP">GROUP</a> of objects, distinctive in style, usually <a href="https://interviewquestions.tuteehub.com/tag/found-458144" style="font-weight:bold;" target="_blank" title="Click to know more about FOUND">FOUND</a> together <a href="https://interviewquestions.tuteehub.com/tag/within-732414" style="font-weight:bold;" target="_blank" title="Click to know more about WITHIN">WITHIN</a> a <a href="https://interviewquestions.tuteehub.com/tag/specific-1220917" style="font-weight:bold;" target="_blank" title="Click to know more about SPECIFIC">SPECIFIC</a> geographical area and period of time.. <br/> (ii) Distinctive objects found in Harappan culture are seals, beads, weights, stone blades and baked bricks . They were found in Afghanistan, Baluchistan, Gujarat, etc.</body></html>
319.

What led to the passing of the Pakistan Resolution in March 1940?

Answer» <html><body><p></p>Solution :(i) The Pakistan <a href="https://interviewquestions.tuteehub.com/tag/resolution-16231" style="font-weight:bold;" target="_blank" title="Click to know more about RESOLUTION">RESOLUTION</a> was adopted by the Muslim League under Jinnah.s presidentship on <a href="https://interviewquestions.tuteehub.com/tag/23rd-295335" style="font-weight:bold;" target="_blank" title="Click to know more about 23RD">23RD</a> March, 1940 as a solution to the communal problem.<br/>(<a href="https://interviewquestions.tuteehub.com/tag/ii-1036832" style="font-weight:bold;" target="_blank" title="Click to know more about II">II</a>) The resolution <a href="https://interviewquestions.tuteehub.com/tag/aim-852223" style="font-weight:bold;" target="_blank" title="Click to know more about AIM">AIM</a> at the independent nation Pakistan, comprising the Muslim majority areas.</body></html>
320.

The years immediately preceding themaking of the constitution had been xceptionally tumultuous. Prove the statement with examples.

Answer» <html><body><p></p>Solution : (i) Before the independence of India, the political and social <a href="https://interviewquestions.tuteehub.com/tag/conditions-424384" style="font-weight:bold;" target="_blank" title="Click to know more about CONDITIONS">CONDITIONS</a> in the country were tumultuous. No doubt the people had great hope for free, peaceful and prosperous India.<br/> (ii) They felt depressed and disappointed due to many incidents such as communal riots that followed our independence and in which more than two lakh people were killed.<br/>(iii) Indian independence accompaniedpartition of the country. The country was divided into two parts namely India and Pakistan.<br/>(iv) The people still remembered the quit India movement of <a href="https://interviewquestions.tuteehub.com/tag/1942-281532" style="font-weight:bold;" target="_blank" title="Click to know more about 1942">1942</a>. It was perhaps the most widespread popular movement against the <a href="https://interviewquestions.tuteehub.com/tag/alien-362895" style="font-weight:bold;" target="_blank" title="Click to know more about ALIEN">ALIEN</a> rule. <br/> (v) The people knew well of Indian National Army that was led by Subhash Chandra Bose with foreign aid.<br/>(vi) During the late 1940, there were massprotests of workers and peasants in different parts of the country. <br/>(vii) Social harmony was not strong as the Congress and the Muslim League repeatedly failed to <a href="https://interviewquestions.tuteehub.com/tag/arrive-363955" style="font-weight:bold;" target="_blank" title="Click to know more about ARRIVE">ARRIVE</a> at any reconciliation.<br/>(viii) The great Calcutta killing of <a href="https://interviewquestions.tuteehub.com/tag/august-385421" style="font-weight:bold;" target="_blank" title="Click to know more about AUGUST">AUGUST</a> 1946, began a year of almost continuous rioting in northern and eastern India.</body></html>
321.

Mention any two changes that were observed after 1900 BCE in Harappan civilization. What could have brought these changes ? Explain.

Answer» <html><body><p></p>Solution : (i) <a href="https://interviewquestions.tuteehub.com/tag/europeans-453870" style="font-weight:bold;" target="_blank" title="Click to know more about EUROPEANS">EUROPEANS</a> <a href="https://interviewquestions.tuteehub.com/tag/recreated-7709321" style="font-weight:bold;" target="_blank" title="Click to know more about RECREATED">RECREATED</a> setrlements reminiscent of their homes. <br/> (ii) Buildings were built in European <a href="https://interviewquestions.tuteehub.com/tag/style-1230746" style="font-weight:bold;" target="_blank" title="Click to know more about STYLE">STYLE</a>. <br/> (iii) Churches and educational institutions were set up by the British. <br/> (iv) Th were the summer capital for British Government like Simla, Nainital, Ooty etc.<br/> <a href="https://interviewquestions.tuteehub.com/tag/reasons-1179183" style="font-weight:bold;" target="_blank" title="Click to know more about REASONS">REASONS</a> for changes are: <br/> Climatic <a href="https://interviewquestions.tuteehub.com/tag/change-913808" style="font-weight:bold;" target="_blank" title="Click to know more about CHANGE">CHANGE</a> Deforestation.</body></html>
322.

Explain the exclusive features of the craft production in Chanhudaro.

Answer» <html><body><p></p>Solution :Features of the craft production in Chanhudaro: <br/> (i) It was exclusively <a href="https://interviewquestions.tuteehub.com/tag/devoted-438291" style="font-weight:bold;" target="_blank" title="Click to know more about DEVOTED">DEVOTED</a> to craft production, including bead-making, shell-cutting, metal-working, aeal-making and weight-making. <br/> (ii) The variety of materials used to make becads was-stones like carnelian, jasper, crystal, quartz and steatite, metals like copper, bronze and gold, faience and terracotta or burnt clay. <br/> (iii) Some beads were made of two or more stones, cemented together or with gold caps. <br/> (iv) The shapes were numerous-disc shaped, cylindrical, spherical, barrel-shaped and segmented. <br/> (v) Some were decorated by incising or <a href="https://interviewquestions.tuteehub.com/tag/painting-16378" style="font-weight:bold;" target="_blank" title="Click to know more about PAINTING">PAINTING</a> and some had designs etched onto them. <br/> (vi) Techniques for making beads differcd according to the <a href="https://interviewquestions.tuteehub.com/tag/material-1089170" style="font-weight:bold;" target="_blank" title="Click to know more about MATERIAL">MATERIAL</a>. Steatite a very soft stone was easily worked. Carnelian was obtained by firing raw material and beads at various stages of production. <br/> (vii) Nodules were chipped into rough shapes, and then finely flaked into the final form. <br/> (viii) Grinding, polishing and drilling completed the process. <br/> (ix) It is likely that finished products such as beads from Chanhudaro were <a href="https://interviewquestions.tuteehub.com/tag/taken-659096" style="font-weight:bold;" target="_blank" title="Click to know more about TAKEN">TAKEN</a> to large urban <a href="https://interviewquestions.tuteehub.com/tag/centres-912272" style="font-weight:bold;" target="_blank" title="Click to know more about CENTRES">CENTRES</a> such as Mohenjodaro and Harappa.</body></html>
323.

The Early rulers considered themselves as Gods? Explain it with examples.

Answer» <html><body><p></p>Solution :(i) Our means of claimming high status was to identify with a variety of details . This strategy is best exemplified by the Kushanas(C first century BCE first century CE), who ruled over a vast kingdom extending from Central Asia to north west <a href="https://interviewquestions.tuteehub.com/tag/india-54" style="font-weight:bold;" target="_blank" title="Click to know more about INDIA">INDIA</a>. <br/> (ii) The history of Kushanas has been reconstructed from <a href="https://interviewquestions.tuteehub.com/tag/inscriptions-1045761" style="font-weight:bold;" target="_blank" title="Click to know more about INSCRIPTIONS">INSCRIPTIONS</a> and textual traditions. The notions of kingship they wished to project are perhaps best evidenced in their coins and sculpture.<br/> (iii) Colossal statues of Kushana rulers have been found installed in shrine in Afghanistan as well. Some historians fell that kushanas considered themselves as godlike. <br/> (iv) Many Kushana rulers also adopted they title of devaputra or "Son of god" . By the forth century there is evidence of <a href="https://interviewquestions.tuteehub.com/tag/larger-1067345" style="font-weight:bold;" target="_blank" title="Click to know more about LARGER">LARGER</a> states, including the Gupta Empire. Many of these depended on Samantas, men whomaintained themselves through local resources including control over land.<br/> (v) Powerful samantas could become king conversely. <a href="https://interviewquestions.tuteehub.com/tag/weak-729638" style="font-weight:bold;" target="_blank" title="Click to know more about WEAK">WEAK</a> rulers might fund themselves being reduced to the positions of subordination. <br/> (vi) Histories of the Gupta rulers have been reconstruted from literature, coins and inscriptions, including prashastis composed in praise of kings in particular and patrons in General by poets.<br/> (vii) Historians attempted to draw factual information from such compositions, those who composed and read them often trasured them as works of poetry rather than whocomposed and read them. <br/> (viii) The prayag prayag prashasti (also known as the Allahabad pillar inscription) composed in <a href="https://interviewquestions.tuteehub.com/tag/sanskrit-636017" style="font-weight:bold;" target="_blank" title="Click to know more about SANSKRIT">SANSKRIT</a> by Harisena, the courtpoet ofSamundragupta, arguably the most powerful of the Gupta rulers (C fourth century CE), is a case in point.</body></html>
324.

Who were Dhamma Mahamattas? What was their role?

Answer» <html><body><p></p>Solution :(i) Ashoka created a class of special officers <a href="https://interviewquestions.tuteehub.com/tag/called-907796" style="font-weight:bold;" target="_blank" title="Click to know more about CALLED">CALLED</a> dhamma Mahamattas. <br/> (<a href="https://interviewquestions.tuteehub.com/tag/ii-1036832" style="font-weight:bold;" target="_blank" title="Click to know more about II">II</a>) The duty of these officers was to enforce the message of Dhamma. They were required to look after the welfare of different sects and enforce rules regarding <a href="https://interviewquestions.tuteehub.com/tag/sanctity-1194755" style="font-weight:bold;" target="_blank" title="Click to know more about SANCTITY">SANCTITY</a> of <a href="https://interviewquestions.tuteehub.com/tag/animal-363268" style="font-weight:bold;" target="_blank" title="Click to know more about ANIMAL">ANIMAL</a> life .</body></html>
325.

Prove with the help of examples that the Harappans had established their contacts with Western Asia for purchase/exchange of artifacts.

Answer» <html><body><p></p>Solution :The Harappans had established their contacts with Western Asia for the purchase and exchange of artifacts. Here are some <a href="https://interviewquestions.tuteehub.com/tag/examples-454492" style="font-weight:bold;" target="_blank" title="Click to know more about EXAMPLES">EXAMPLES</a>: <br/> (i)Recent archaeological finds indicate that copper was probably brought from Oman, situated on the southeastern tip of the Arabian peninsula. <br/> (ii) Chemical analyses have <a href="https://interviewquestions.tuteehub.com/tag/shown-1206565" style="font-weight:bold;" target="_blank" title="Click to know more about SHOWN">SHOWN</a> that both the Omani copper and Harappan artefacts have traces of nickel, <a href="https://interviewquestions.tuteehub.com/tag/suggesting-7712885" style="font-weight:bold;" target="_blank" title="Click to know more about SUGGESTING">SUGGESTING</a> a common origin. <br/> (iii) A distinctive type of vessel, a large Harappan jar coated with a thick layer of black clay has been found at sites in Oman. Such thick coatings prevent the percolation of liquids. It is possible that the Harappans exchanged the contents of these vessels for Omani copper. <br/> (iv)<a href="https://interviewquestions.tuteehub.com/tag/mesopotamian-2828623" style="font-weight:bold;" target="_blank" title="Click to know more about MESOPOTAMIAN">MESOPOTAMIAN</a> texts mention contact with <a href="https://interviewquestions.tuteehub.com/tag/regions-1182272" style="font-weight:bold;" target="_blank" title="Click to know more about REGIONS">REGIONS</a> named Dilmun (probably the island of Bahrain), Magan and Meluhha, possibly the Harappan region. They mention the products from Meluhha: carnelian, lapis lazuli, copper, gold, and varieties of wood.</body></html>
326.

"Abul Fazl has described the ideal of Sulh-i-Kul of Akbar as the corner-stone of his enlightened rule." Justify.

Answer» <html><body><p></p>Solution :Sulh-i-Kul as describe by Abul Fazl was absolute peace as the corner stone of enlightened rule. Mughal chronicles present the empire as comprising many different ethnic and religious communities-Hindus, Jainas, <a href="https://interviewquestions.tuteehub.com/tag/zoroastrians-751579" style="font-weight:bold;" target="_blank" title="Click to know more about ZOROASTRIANS">ZOROASTRIANS</a> and Mislims. As the source of all peace and stability the emperor stored above all religions and ethnic groups, mediated among them, and ensured that justice and peace prevailed. <br/> In Sulh-i-Kul all religions and schools of <a href="https://interviewquestions.tuteehub.com/tag/thought-1417452" style="font-weight:bold;" target="_blank" title="Click to know more about THOUGHT">THOUGHT</a> had freedom of expression but on condition that they did not undermine the authority of state or fight among themselves.<br/>The idea of Sullhi-Kul was implemented through state policies in which <a href="https://interviewquestions.tuteehub.com/tag/nobilities-2871755" style="font-weight:bold;" target="_blank" title="Click to know more about NOBILITIES">NOBILITIES</a> comprising of Iranis, Turanis, Afgans, Rajputs, Deccanis all of whom were given positions and awards purely on the basis of thcir service and loyalty to the king.<br/>Akbar abolished the tax of pilgrimage in 1563 and Jizya in 1564 as the two were <a href="https://interviewquestions.tuteehub.com/tag/based-389387" style="font-weight:bold;" target="_blank" title="Click to know more about BASED">BASED</a> on religious <a href="https://interviewquestions.tuteehub.com/tag/discrimination-955662" style="font-weight:bold;" target="_blank" title="Click to know more about DISCRIMINATION">DISCRIMINATION</a> for which instructions were sent to officers of the empire to follow of Sulk-i-Kul in administation. <br/> All Mugal emoerous gave grants to support the building and maintenance of place of worship.</body></html>
327.

With which one of the following is the 'Tennis Court oath' associated ?

Answer» <html><body><p><a href="https://interviewquestions.tuteehub.com/tag/english-273" style="font-weight:bold;" target="_blank" title="Click to know more about ENGLISH">ENGLISH</a> <a href="https://interviewquestions.tuteehub.com/tag/revolution-623158" style="font-weight:bold;" target="_blank" title="Click to know more about REVOLUTION">REVOLUTION</a> <br/><a href="https://interviewquestions.tuteehub.com/tag/american-374087" style="font-weight:bold;" target="_blank" title="Click to know more about AMERICAN">AMERICAN</a> Revolution<br/>French Revolution<br/>Russian Revolution </p><a href="https://interviewquestions.tuteehub.com/tag/answer-15557" style="font-weight:bold;" target="_blank" title="Click to know more about ANSWER">ANSWER</a> :<a href="https://interviewquestions.tuteehub.com/tag/c-7168" style="font-weight:bold;" target="_blank" title="Click to know more about C">C</a></body></html>
328.

write a short note on rise of Magdha ?

Answer» <html><body><p></p>Solution :Between the sixth and the fourth centuries BCE, Magadha (Bihar) became the most powerful mahajanapada. Modern historians explain this development in the variety of ways. <br/> (i) Magadha was a <a href="https://interviewquestions.tuteehub.com/tag/region-1182095" style="font-weight:bold;" target="_blank" title="Click to know more about REGION">REGION</a> where agriculture was especially productive. Besides, iron mines were accessible and provided resources for tools and weapons. <br/> (ii) Elephants, an important component of the army, were found in forests in the region. TheGanga and its tributaries provided a means of cheap and convenient communications. <br/> (iii) Early Buddhist and Jaina writers attributed itspower to the polices of individuals like Bimbisara, Ajatasatru and Mahapadma Nanda who were ruthlessly ambitious kingand thier ministers, who helped them to implements their <a href="https://interviewquestions.tuteehub.com/tag/policies-1157701" style="font-weight:bold;" target="_blank" title="Click to know more about POLICIES">POLICIES</a>.<br/> (iv) Rajagaha was the capital of Magadha, a fortified settlement located <a href="https://interviewquestions.tuteehub.com/tag/among-374776" style="font-weight:bold;" target="_blank" title="Click to know more about AMONG">AMONG</a> hills later in the `4^(<a href="https://interviewquestions.tuteehub.com/tag/th-665760" style="font-weight:bold;" target="_blank" title="Click to know more about TH">TH</a>)` sentury BCE, the capital was shifted to Pataliputra (i.e. Patna) commanding routes of communication along the Ganga .</body></html>
329.

Describe some of the distinctive features of Mohenjodaro.

Answer» <html><body><p></p>Solution :(a) Planned City: It was a planned <a href="https://interviewquestions.tuteehub.com/tag/urban-4084" style="font-weight:bold;" target="_blank" title="Click to know more about URBAN">URBAN</a> centre. It had two parts. One part of the city was small. It was built on a higher place. The second part was comparatively <a href="https://interviewquestions.tuteehub.com/tag/large-1066424" style="font-weight:bold;" target="_blank" title="Click to know more about LARGE">LARGE</a>. It was built on a lower place. The first part was designed as citadel which owed its <a href="https://interviewquestions.tuteehub.com/tag/height-1017806" style="font-weight:bold;" target="_blank" title="Click to know more about HEIGHT">HEIGHT</a> to the fact that it was built on mud brick platform. It had walls on all sides and these walls were separated from the lower town. <br/> (b) The Lower Town: It was also walled. Most of the buildings were built on platforms. In fact, these platforms were considered as foundation stones. It required huge quantity of labour force to build these platforms. It is obvious that settlement was first planned and then implementedas per the building plan. Quality of sun-dried bricks or baked bricks also prove the concept of planning. All the bricks were of standard ratio. The length and width was four times and twice the height of the bricks respectively. <br/> (c ) Drainage System: The drainage system was well-planned. All the roads and streets were laid out on a grid pattern. They intersect one another at right angles. It seems that streets <a href="https://interviewquestions.tuteehub.com/tag/featuring-985784" style="font-weight:bold;" target="_blank" title="Click to know more about FEATURING">FEATURING</a> drains were laid out first and houses were built thereafter alongwith them. To make the flow of domestic water, every house had at least one wall along the street. <br/> (d) Citadel: Warehouse and Great Bath are found in the citadel. The Great Bath, a large rectangular tank in a courtyard surrounded by a corridor on all four sides. It was made watertight setting bricks on edge and using a mortar of gypsum. It was not for some kind of special ritual bath. <br/> (i) The Warehouse (Granarises): In the Citadel of Harappa, <a href="https://interviewquestions.tuteehub.com/tag/many-554478" style="font-weight:bold;" target="_blank" title="Click to know more about MANY">MANY</a> granarieswere found. The grain was stored in these granaries. <br/> (ii) The Great Bath: The msot striking building discovered at Mohenjodaro is the Great Bath situated in the Citadel mound. Its water was discharged into a huge drain connected to main drain on the street. The wall of its pool were made water tight using bricks, gypsum and mortar.</body></html>
330.

Describe the role played bywomen in agriculturalproduction .

Answer» <html><body><p></p>Solution :(a) Woman played an important role in agricultural production. They worked shoulder toshoulder with men in the fields. The men <a href="https://interviewquestions.tuteehub.com/tag/tilled-3218144" style="font-weight:bold;" target="_blank" title="Click to know more about TILLED">TILLED</a> and <a href="https://interviewquestions.tuteehub.com/tag/ploughed-7387786" style="font-weight:bold;" target="_blank" title="Click to know more about PLOUGHED">PLOUGHED</a> the lands while the women showed. weededand threshed the harvest. Agricultural production atthe time was carried out with thelabourand resources of the entire village.<br/>(b)Thewomen performed important tasks such as spinning yarn, kneading clay for pottery and embroidery. Thus, the peasant women who were skilledartisans worked not only in the fields but even went to their employer.s houses and even tot he markets, if necessary.<br/>(c)Among the landed <a href="https://interviewquestions.tuteehub.com/tag/gentry-7684208" style="font-weight:bold;" target="_blank" title="Click to know more about GENTRY">GENTRY</a> class, women had the rightto inheritproperty. Womenincluding widowsparticipated in the rural landmarket, <a href="https://interviewquestions.tuteehub.com/tag/selling-25929" style="font-weight:bold;" target="_blank" title="Click to know more about SELLING">SELLING</a> property which theyhad inherited, especially in the Punjab.<br/>(d)Both Hindu and Muslim women inherited zamindaris. Theywere free to sell or mortgagetheir zamindar right.Ineighteenth century , <a href="https://interviewquestions.tuteehub.com/tag/bengal-395422" style="font-weight:bold;" target="_blank" title="Click to know more about BENGAL">BENGAL</a> had many women - zamindars. In fact, the Rajshah zamindari whichwas one of the most famous of the time was headed by a woman .</body></html>
331.

Write any two sources of Mauryan history?

Answer» <html><body><p></p><a href="https://interviewquestions.tuteehub.com/tag/solution-25781" style="font-weight:bold;" target="_blank" title="Click to know more about SOLUTION">SOLUTION</a> :(i) <a href="https://interviewquestions.tuteehub.com/tag/arthashastra-382203" style="font-weight:bold;" target="_blank" title="Click to know more about ARTHASHASTRA">ARTHASHASTRA</a> of <a href="https://interviewquestions.tuteehub.com/tag/kautilya-531388" style="font-weight:bold;" target="_blank" title="Click to know more about KAUTILYA">KAUTILYA</a>. <br/> (<a href="https://interviewquestions.tuteehub.com/tag/ii-1036832" style="font-weight:bold;" target="_blank" title="Click to know more about II">II</a>) Ashoka.s <a href="https://interviewquestions.tuteehub.com/tag/inscriptions-1045761" style="font-weight:bold;" target="_blank" title="Click to know more about INSCRIPTIONS">INSCRIPTIONS</a>.</body></html>
332.

Describe the various states through which Mahabharata was completed between the fifth century BCE and CE.

Answer» <html><body><p></p>Solution :States through which Mahabharata was completed: <br/> (i) The original story was compiled by charioteer-bards <a href="https://interviewquestions.tuteehub.com/tag/known-534098" style="font-weight:bold;" target="_blank" title="Click to know more about KNOWN">KNOWN</a> as Sutas. They were accompanied by Kshatriya warrior to the battle field. They composed the victory scene and achievement of different warrior groups, which were circular in the mob orally. <br/> (ii) From the fifth <a href="https://interviewquestions.tuteehub.com/tag/century-912389" style="font-weight:bold;" target="_blank" title="Click to know more about CENTURY">CENTURY</a> BCE, the Brahman began to write it in a more elaborated form. Then it attained the epic form. The original story of Mahabharata revolves around the Kuru and Panchala. Both have attained status of kingdom from the chiefdom. <br/> (iii) The new <a href="https://interviewquestions.tuteehub.com/tag/kings-533503" style="font-weight:bold;" target="_blank" title="Click to know more about KINGS">KINGS</a> of the time wanted to record (write) the achievement, and to preserve them in a more systematic way. Old prevalent social values were changed with new norms. It was an upheaval task to rewrite this epical story. <br/> (iv) The next phase of compilation was started between 2nd century BCE and 2nd century CE. It was that time when the worship of Lord Vishnu became quite important. <br/>(v) The most important character of this epic .Krishna. came to be identified with Lord Vishnu. <br/> (vi) Between the 2nd and 4th centuries CE many didactic sections, .<a href="https://interviewquestions.tuteehub.com/tag/manusmriti-554471" style="font-weight:bold;" target="_blank" title="Click to know more about MANUSMRITI">MANUSMRITI</a>. were added to it. <br/>(vii) The original text of Mahabharata had 1000 verses. It went to 1,00,000 <a href="https://interviewquestions.tuteehub.com/tag/verse-1444882" style="font-weight:bold;" target="_blank" title="Click to know more about VERSE">VERSE</a>. The composition of this version was attributed to a famous Sage-Ved Vyasa.</body></html>
333.

Explain the difference between towns of North India and South India, in pre British times.

Answer» <html><body><p></p>Solution :(i) The main focus of North Indian.s Towns, was <a href="https://interviewquestions.tuteehub.com/tag/oriented-7296784" style="font-weight:bold;" target="_blank" title="Click to know more about ORIENTED">ORIENTED</a> <a href="https://interviewquestions.tuteehub.com/tag/towards-7269729" style="font-weight:bold;" target="_blank" title="Click to know more about TOWARDS">TOWARDS</a> the palace mughal <a href="https://interviewquestions.tuteehub.com/tag/power-2475" style="font-weight:bold;" target="_blank" title="Click to know more about POWER">POWER</a> and the main mosque. InAgra, Lahore and Delhi. (ii) Whereas in <a href="https://interviewquestions.tuteehub.com/tag/southern-1219516" style="font-weight:bold;" target="_blank" title="Click to know more about SOUTHERN">SOUTHERN</a> Indian Towns, main focus of Towns was the temple-town <a href="https://interviewquestions.tuteehub.com/tag/kanchipuram-4009" style="font-weight:bold;" target="_blank" title="Click to know more about KANCHIPURAM">KANCHIPURAM</a>, Madurai.</body></html>
334.

Fatalists and materialists Here is an excerpt from the sutta Pitaka , describing a conversation between king Ajatasattu, the ruler of Magadha , and the Buddha: On one occasion King Ajatasattu visited the Buddha and described what another teacher named Makkhali Gosala, had told him: "Thought the wise should hope, by this virtue... by this penance I will gain karma .....and the fool should by the same means hope to gradually rid himself of his karma,neither of them can do it , Pleasure and pain , measured out as it were , cannot be altered in the course of samsara (transmigration)It can neither be lessened or increased ...........just as a ball of string will when thrown unwind to its full length , so fool and wise alike will take their course and make an end of sorrow. '' And this is what a philosopher named Ajita Kesakambalin taught : ''There is no such thing , O king , as alms or sacrifice, or offerings .........there is no such thing as this world or the next ..... A human being is made up of the four elements . When he dies the earthy in him returns to the earth , the fluid to water , the heat to fire , the windy to air , and his senses pass into space...... The talk of gifts is a doctrine of fools , an empty lie........ fools and wise alike are cut off and perish . They do not survive after death. '' The first teacher belonged to the tradition of the Ajivikas. They have often been described as fatalists : those who believe that everything is predetermined . The second teacher belonged to the tradition of the Lokayatas, usually described as materialists . Texts from thesetraditions have not survived , so we knowabout them only from the works of other traditions. By what another name Ajivika tradition is known ?

Answer» <html><body><p></p><a href="https://interviewquestions.tuteehub.com/tag/solution-25781" style="font-weight:bold;" target="_blank" title="Click to know more about SOLUTION">SOLUTION</a> :It is <a href="https://interviewquestions.tuteehub.com/tag/also-373387" style="font-weight:bold;" target="_blank" title="Click to know more about ALSO">ALSO</a> <a href="https://interviewquestions.tuteehub.com/tag/known-534098" style="font-weight:bold;" target="_blank" title="Click to know more about KNOWN">KNOWN</a> as <a href="https://interviewquestions.tuteehub.com/tag/fatalists-2636149" style="font-weight:bold;" target="_blank" title="Click to know more about FATALISTS">FATALISTS</a>.</body></html>
335.

Fatalists and materialists Here is an excerpt from the sutta Pitaka , describing a conversation between king Ajatasattu, the ruler of Magadha , and the Buddha: On one occasion King Ajatasattu visited the Buddha and described what another teacher named Makkhali Gosala, had told him: "Thought the wise should hope, by this virtue... by this penance I will gain karma .....and the fool should by the same means hope to gradually rid himself of his karma,neither of them can do it , Pleasure and pain , measured out as it were , cannot be altered in the course of samsara (transmigration)It can neither be lessened or increased ...........just as a ball of string will when thrown unwind to its full length , so fool and wise alike will take their course and make an end of sorrow. '' And this is what a philosopher named Ajita Kesakambalin taught : ''There is no such thing , O king , as alms or sacrifice, or offerings .........there is no such thing as this world or the next ..... A human being is made up of the four elements . When he dies the earthy in him returns to the earth , the fluid to water , the heat to fire , the windy to air , and his senses pass into space...... The talk of gifts is a doctrine of fools , an empty lie........ fools and wise alike are cut off and perish . They do not survive after death. '' The first teacher belonged to the tradition of the Ajivikas. They have often been described as fatalists : those who believe that everything is predetermined . The second teacher belonged to the tradition of the Lokayatas, usually described as materialists . Texts from thesetraditions have not survived , so we know about them only from the works of other traditions. Distinguish in brief between fatalists and materialists .

Answer» <html><body><p></p>Solution :(a) Fatalists belonged to the Ajivika tradition while the materialists belonged to Lokayata tradition.<br/> (<a href="https://interviewquestions.tuteehub.com/tag/b-387190" style="font-weight:bold;" target="_blank" title="Click to know more about B">B</a>) <a href="https://interviewquestions.tuteehub.com/tag/according-366619" style="font-weight:bold;" target="_blank" title="Click to know more about ACCORDING">ACCORDING</a> to fatalists , everything in life was pre - <a href="https://interviewquestions.tuteehub.com/tag/destined-7675589" style="font-weight:bold;" target="_blank" title="Click to know more about DESTINED">DESTINED</a> and could not be changed . Materialists considered the <a href="https://interviewquestions.tuteehub.com/tag/talk-659101" style="font-weight:bold;" target="_blank" title="Click to know more about TALK">TALK</a> of gift and donation as a doctrine of <a href="https://interviewquestions.tuteehub.com/tag/tool-25818" style="font-weight:bold;" target="_blank" title="Click to know more about TOOL">TOOL</a> . They did not delieve in alms, sacrifice or offerings.</body></html>
336.

Fatalists and materialists Here is an excerpt from the sutta Pitaka , describing a conversation between king Ajatasattu, the ruler of Magadha , and the Buddha: On one occasion King Ajatasattu visited the Buddha and described what another teacher named Makkhali Gosala, had told him: "Thought the wise should hope, by this virtue... by this penance I will gain karma .....and the fool should by the same means hope to gradually rid himself of his karma,neither of them can do it , Pleasure and pain , measured out as it were , cannot be altered in the course of samsara (transmigration)It can neither be lessened or increased ...........just as a ball of string will when thrown unwind to its full length , so fool and wise alike will take their course and make an end of sorrow. '' And this is what a philosopher named Ajita Kesakambalin taught : ''There is no such thing , O king , as alms or sacrifice, or offerings .........there is no such thing as this world or the next ..... A human being is made up of the four elements . When he dies the earthy in him returns to the earth , the fluid to water , the heat to fire , the windy to air , and his senses pass into space...... The talk of gifts is a doctrine of fools , an empty lie........ fools and wise alike are cut off and perish . They do not survive after death. '' The first teacher belonged to the tradition of the Ajivikas. They have often been described as fatalists : those who believe that everything is predetermined . The second teacher belonged to the tradition of the Lokayatas, usually described as materialists . Texts from thesetraditions have not survived , so we know about them only from the works of other traditions. Write any two principles of Fatalists.

Answer» <html><body><p></p><a href="https://interviewquestions.tuteehub.com/tag/solution-25781" style="font-weight:bold;" target="_blank" title="Click to know more about SOLUTION">SOLUTION</a> :(a) They believed in the theory of Karma.<br/> (<a href="https://interviewquestions.tuteehub.com/tag/b-387190" style="font-weight:bold;" target="_blank" title="Click to know more about B">B</a>) Each <a href="https://interviewquestions.tuteehub.com/tag/individual-1041871" style="font-weight:bold;" target="_blank" title="Click to know more about INDIVIDUAL">INDIVIDUAL</a> suffers <a href="https://interviewquestions.tuteehub.com/tag/pleasure-1156697" style="font-weight:bold;" target="_blank" title="Click to know more about PLEASURE">PLEASURE</a> and pain according to his deeds .</body></html>
337.

Explain the numerous roles of village artisans in the 16th and 17th centureis.

Answer» <html><body><p></p>Solution :(i) A large number of sculptors <a href="https://interviewquestions.tuteehub.com/tag/lived-2158907" style="font-weight:bold;" target="_blank" title="Click to know more about LIVED">LIVED</a> in the villagesin the 16th and 17th centuries, as we know from the Marathi documents and the <a href="https://interviewquestions.tuteehub.com/tag/british-402367" style="font-weight:bold;" target="_blank" title="Click to know more about BRITISH">BRITISH</a> surveys. It is clear that in many villages, the sculptors <a href="https://interviewquestions.tuteehub.com/tag/amounted-7664029" style="font-weight:bold;" target="_blank" title="Click to know more about AMOUNTED">AMOUNTED</a> to 25% ofthe total population of the village.<br/>(<a href="https://interviewquestions.tuteehub.com/tag/ii-1036832" style="font-weight:bold;" target="_blank" title="Click to know more about II">II</a>)Sometimes it was difficult to distinguish between the sculptors and the farmers. It was so because there were many groups which performedboth the functions besides potters,ironsmiths,weavers and barbers also rendered theirservice to the village.<br/>(iii)They goteither a piece of land or a part of crop for the servicerenderedby them .<br/>(iv)In the 18th century , the zamindars, theironsmiths,the weavers andthe <a href="https://interviewquestions.tuteehub.com/tag/gold-1008823" style="font-weight:bold;" target="_blank" title="Click to know more about GOLD">GOLD</a>- smiths of Bengal used to get daily allowance for food in respect of theirservices. It wascalled thejajmani system .</body></html>
338.

Fatalists and materialists Here is an excerpt from the sutta Pitaka , describing a conversation between king Ajatasattu, the ruler of Magadha , and the Buddha: On one occasion King Ajatasattu visited the Buddha and described what another teacher named Makkhali Gosala, had told him: "Thought the wise should hope, by this virtue... by this penance I will gain karma .....and the fool should by the same means hope to gradually rid himself of his karma,neither of them can do it , Pleasure and pain , measured out as it were , cannot be altered in the course of samsara (transmigration)It can neither be lessened or increased ...........just as a ball of string will when thrown unwind to its full length , so fool and wise alike will take their course and make an end of sorrow. '' And this is what a philosopher named Ajita Kesakambalin taught : ''There is no such thing , O king , as alms or sacrifice, or offerings .........there is no such thing as this world or the next ..... A human being is made up of the four elements . When he dies the earthy in him returns to the earth , the fluid to water , the heat to fire , the windy to air , and his senses pass into space...... The talk of gifts is a doctrine of fools , an empty lie........ fools and wise alike are cut off and perish . They do not survive after death. '' The first teacher belonged to the tradition of the Ajivikas. They have often been described as fatalists : those who believe that everything is predetermined . The second teacher belonged to the tradition of the Lokayatas, usually described as materialists . Texts from thesetraditions have not survived , so we knowabout them only from the works of other traditions. What were Makkhali Gosala's opinions about joy and sorrow ?

Answer» <html><body><p></p>Solution :According to them both joy and sorrow are the part of life. They cannot be <a href="https://interviewquestions.tuteehub.com/tag/altered-362954" style="font-weight:bold;" target="_blank" title="Click to know more about ALTERED">ALTERED</a> in the <a href="https://interviewquestions.tuteehub.com/tag/course-937885" style="font-weight:bold;" target="_blank" title="Click to know more about COURSE">COURSE</a> of <a href="https://interviewquestions.tuteehub.com/tag/transmigration-1426195" style="font-weight:bold;" target="_blank" title="Click to know more about TRANSMIGRATION">TRANSMIGRATION</a> . They can <a href="https://interviewquestions.tuteehub.com/tag/never-570518" style="font-weight:bold;" target="_blank" title="Click to know more about NEVER">NEVER</a> be increased or <a href="https://interviewquestions.tuteehub.com/tag/decreased-7266469" style="font-weight:bold;" target="_blank" title="Click to know more about DECREASED">DECREASED</a> . <br/></body></html>
339.

Fatalists and materialists Here is an excerpt from the sutta Pitaka , describing a conversation between king Ajatasattu, the ruler of Magadha , and the Buddha: On one occasion King Ajatasattu visited the Buddha and described what another teacher named Makkhali Gosala, had told him: "Thought the wise should hope, by this virtue... by this penance I will gain karma .....and the fool should by the same means hope to gradually rid himself of his karma,neither of them can do it , Pleasure and pain , measured out as it were , cannot be altered in the course of samsara (transmigration)It can neither be lessened or increased ...........just as a ball of string will when thrown unwind to its full length , so fool and wise alike will take their course and make an end of sorrow. '' And this is what a philosopher named Ajita Kesakambalin taught : ''There is no such thing , O king , as alms or sacrifice, or offerings .........there is no such thing as this world or the next ..... A human being is made up of the four elements . When he dies the earthy in him returns to the earth , the fluid to water , the heat to fire , the windy to air , and his senses pass into space...... The talk of gifts is a doctrine of fools , an empty lie........ fools and wise alike are cut off and perish . They do not survive after death. '' The first teacher belonged to the tradition of the Ajivikas. They have often been described as fatalists : those who believe that everything is predetermined . The second teacher belonged to the tradition of the Lokayatas, usually described as materialists . Texts from thesetraditions have not survived , so we knowabout them only from the works of other traditions. How many elements is a human being made - up of ? What happens after his death ?

Answer» <html><body><p></p>Solution :A human being is made - up of four elements. When he <a href="https://interviewquestions.tuteehub.com/tag/passes-1148517" style="font-weight:bold;" target="_blank" title="Click to know more about PASSES">PASSES</a> <a href="https://interviewquestions.tuteehub.com/tag/away-386546" style="font-weight:bold;" target="_blank" title="Click to know more about AWAY">AWAY</a> , i.e. dies the <a href="https://interviewquestions.tuteehub.com/tag/earthy-7387606" style="font-weight:bold;" target="_blank" title="Click to know more about EARTHY">EARTHY</a> in him return to earth , the fluid to water , the heat to fire, the windy to air and his <a href="https://interviewquestions.tuteehub.com/tag/senses-1200753" style="font-weight:bold;" target="_blank" title="Click to know more about SENSES">SENSES</a> pass into space.</body></html>
340.

Fatalists and materialists Here is an excerpt from the sutta Pitaka , describing a conversation between king Ajatasattu, the ruler of Magadha , and the Buddha: On one occasion King Ajatasattu visited the Buddha and described what another teacher named Makkhali Gosala, had told him: "Thought the wise should hope, by this virtue... by this penance I will gain karma .....and the fool should by the same means hope to gradually rid himself of his karma,neither of them can do it , Pleasure and pain , measured out as it were , cannot be altered in the course of samara (transmigration)It can neither be lessened or increased ...........just as a ball of string will when thrown unwind to its full length , so fool and wise alike will take their course and make an end of sorrow. '' And this is what a philosopher named Ajita Kesakambalin taught : ''There is no such thing , O king , as alms or sacrifice, or offerings .........there is no such thing as this world or the next ..... A human being is made up of the four elements . When he dies the earthy in him returns to the earth , the fluid to water , the heat to fire , the windy to air , and his senses pass into space...... The talk of gifts is a doctrine of fools , an empty lie........ fools and wise alike are cut off and perish . They do not survive after death. '' The first teacher belonged to the tradition of the Ajivikas. They have often been described as fatalists : those who believe that everything is predetermined . The second teacher belonged to the tradition of the Lokayatas, usually described as materialists . Texts from these traditions have not survived , so we know about them only from the works of other traditions. From where has this excerpt been taken ?

Answer» <html><body><p></p><a href="https://interviewquestions.tuteehub.com/tag/solution-25781" style="font-weight:bold;" target="_blank" title="Click to know more about SOLUTION">SOLUTION</a> :This <a href="https://interviewquestions.tuteehub.com/tag/excerpt-447108" style="font-weight:bold;" target="_blank" title="Click to know more about EXCERPT">EXCERPT</a> has been <a href="https://interviewquestions.tuteehub.com/tag/taken-659096" style="font-weight:bold;" target="_blank" title="Click to know more about TAKEN">TAKEN</a> from <a href="https://interviewquestions.tuteehub.com/tag/sutta-657080" style="font-weight:bold;" target="_blank" title="Click to know more about SUTTA">SUTTA</a> Pitaka.</body></html>
341.

Fatalists and materialists Here is an excerpt from the sutta Pitaka , describing a conversation between king Ajatasattu, the ruler of Magadha , and the Buddha: On one occasion King Ajatasattu visited the Buddha and described what another teacher named Makkhali Gosala, had told him: "Thought the wise should hope, by this virtue... by this penance I will gain karma .....and the fool should by the same means hope to gradually rid himself of his karma,neither of them can do it , Pleasure and pain , measured out as it were , cannot be altered in the course of samsara (transmigration)It can neither be lessened or increased ...........just as a ball of string will when thrown unwind to its full length , so fool and wise alike will take their course and make an end of sorrow. '' And this is what a philosopher named Ajita Kesakambalin taught : ''There is no such thing , O king , as alms or sacrifice, or offerings .........there is no such thing as this world or the next ..... A human being is made up of the four elements . When he dies the earthy in him returns to the earth , the fluid to water , the heat to fire , the windy to air , and his senses pass into space...... The talk of gifts is a doctrine of fools , an empty lie........ fools and wise alike are cut off and perish . They do not survive after death. '' The first teacher belonged to the tradition of the Ajivikas. They have often been described as fatalists : those who believe that everything is predetermined . The second teacher belonged to the tradition of the Lokayatas, usually described as materialists . Texts from thesetraditions have not survived , so we knowabout them only from the works of other traditions. What does it describe ?

Answer» <html><body><p></p><a href="https://interviewquestions.tuteehub.com/tag/solution-25781" style="font-weight:bold;" target="_blank" title="Click to know more about SOLUTION">SOLUTION</a> :The <a href="https://interviewquestions.tuteehub.com/tag/excerpt-447108" style="font-weight:bold;" target="_blank" title="Click to know more about EXCERPT">EXCERPT</a> described the <a href="https://interviewquestions.tuteehub.com/tag/dialogue-438912" style="font-weight:bold;" target="_blank" title="Click to know more about DIALOGUE">DIALOGUE</a> between Ajatasattu and <a href="https://interviewquestions.tuteehub.com/tag/lord-544513" style="font-weight:bold;" target="_blank" title="Click to know more about LORD">LORD</a> Buddha.</body></html>
342.

The following is an excerpt from the Mahabharata, in which Yudhisthira, the eldest son of Pandava, speaks to Sanjay, a messenger. Sanjaya, convey my respectful greetings to all the Brahmanas and the chief priest of the house of Dhritarashtra. I bow respectfully to teacher Drona ... I hold the feet of our preceptor Kripa ... (and) the chief of the Kurus, the great Bhishma. I bow respectfully to the old king (Dhritarashtra). I greet and ask after the health of his son Duryodhana and his younger brother ... Also greet all the young Kuru warriors who are our brothers, sons and grandsons ... Greet above all him, who is to us like father and mother, the wise Vidura (born of a slave woman) ... I bow to the elderly ladies who are known as our mothers. To those who are our wives you say this, "I hope they are well- protected"... Our daughters-in-law born of good families and mothers of children greet on my behalf. Embrace for me those who are our daughters ... The beautiful, fragrant, well-dressed courtesans of ours you should also greet. Greet the slave women and their children, greet the aged, the maimed (and) the helpless ... Try and identify the criteria used to make this list in terms of age, gender, kinship ties. Are there any other criteria? For each category, explain why they are placed in a particular position in the list.

Answer» <html><body><p></p>Solution :(i) Not only the age, <a href="https://interviewquestions.tuteehub.com/tag/gender-1004251" style="font-weight:bold;" target="_blank" title="Click to know more about GENDER">GENDER</a> and kinship ties but there were other factors too which were considered to prepare the list. <br/> (ii) Gender <a href="https://interviewquestions.tuteehub.com/tag/differences-951427" style="font-weight:bold;" target="_blank" title="Click to know more about DIFFERENCES">DIFFERENCES</a> played an important role in early societies explaining social relations, kinship, access to property and position within <a href="https://interviewquestions.tuteehub.com/tag/household-1030192" style="font-weight:bold;" target="_blank" title="Click to know more about HOUSEHOLD">HOUSEHOLD</a>. <br/>(iii) The Brahmana, the Purohits and Gurus were bestowed the highest honours. They were respected widely.<br/>(iv) Fraternal kins were also given respect and considered like parents. People who were equal age of younger were considered at third rank. <br/> (v) Mother was ranked highest among females due to age and because of queen mother. The daughter-in-laws were placed higher than daughters as they belonged to the <a href="https://interviewquestions.tuteehub.com/tag/kuru-535635" style="font-weight:bold;" target="_blank" title="Click to know more about KURU">KURU</a> family and rules of marriage. The children were placed higher to the aged and maimed.</body></html>
343.

Analyse the impact of cotton boom in India during the American Civil War.

Answer» <html><body><p></p>Solution :Impact of cotton boom in India during the American civil war: <br/> (i) When thc American Civil War broke out in 1861, a wave of <a href="https://interviewquestions.tuteehub.com/tag/panic-1146022" style="font-weight:bold;" target="_blank" title="Click to know more about PANIC">PANIC</a> spread in Britain. <br/>(ii) As cotton prices soared export merchants in (Bombay) Mumbai were keen to mect the British demand.<br/> (iii) They <a href="https://interviewquestions.tuteehub.com/tag/gave-2092809" style="font-weight:bold;" target="_blank" title="Click to know more about GAVE">GAVE</a> <a href="https://interviewquestions.tuteehub.com/tag/advances-368331" style="font-weight:bold;" target="_blank" title="Click to know more about ADVANCES">ADVANCES</a> to urban sahukars who in turn extended credit to rural moneylenders who promised to secure the produce. <br/> (iv) The ryots in the Deccan villages suddenly found limitless credit. <br/> (v) While the American crisis continued, cotton production in the Bombay Deccan expanded. By 1862 over 90 percentof cotron imports into Britain were coming from India. (vi) As the Civil war ended, cotton production in America revived and <a href="https://interviewquestions.tuteehub.com/tag/indian-508725" style="font-weight:bold;" target="_blank" title="Click to know more about INDIAN">INDIAN</a> cotton exports declined.</body></html>
344.

Write any two features of Krishnadeva Raya's rule.

Answer» <html><body><p></p>Solution :(i) Everyone was free to adopt the religion of his choice in his rule (empire). <br/> (ii) He maintained a <a href="https://interviewquestions.tuteehub.com/tag/strict-633176" style="font-weight:bold;" target="_blank" title="Click to know more about STRICT">STRICT</a> control over government officials. Culprits were severely <a href="https://interviewquestions.tuteehub.com/tag/punished-593549" style="font-weight:bold;" target="_blank" title="Click to know more about PUNISHED">PUNISHED</a>. He <a href="https://interviewquestions.tuteehub.com/tag/made-3718337" style="font-weight:bold;" target="_blank" title="Click to know more about MADE">MADE</a> every <a href="https://interviewquestions.tuteehub.com/tag/effort-966731" style="font-weight:bold;" target="_blank" title="Click to know more about EFFORT">EFFORT</a> for the <a href="https://interviewquestions.tuteehub.com/tag/welfare-734378" style="font-weight:bold;" target="_blank" title="Click to know more about WELFARE">WELFARE</a> of his people.</body></html>
345.

How did the Congress come to change its view on Partition?

Answer» <html><body><p></p>Solution :(i) A united India ,was the main <a href="https://interviewquestions.tuteehub.com/tag/aim-852223" style="font-weight:bold;" target="_blank" title="Click to know more about AIM">AIM</a> of the Congress throught the nationalist struggle Congress acceptance of partition has to be viewed in the light of the political situation that faced them. <br/>(ii)Muslim League got a poor social support in 1937 elections where it polled only 4.4% of the total Muslim vote. To create a <a href="https://interviewquestions.tuteehub.com/tag/mass-1088425" style="font-weight:bold;" target="_blank" title="Click to know more about MASS">MASS</a> base, the Muslim League increasingly began to adopt communal politics and projected itself as a sole representative of Muslim interests. TheMuslim League moved the Pakistan <a href="https://interviewquestions.tuteehub.com/tag/resolution-16231" style="font-weight:bold;" target="_blank" title="Click to know more about RESOLUTION">RESOLUTION</a> demanding a separate state for Muslims in 1940. <br/> (iii) The Congress could not succeed to bring Muslims masses into the nationalist mainstream and since 1937 to stem the advancing tide of Muslim communalism. Congress also failed to educate the Muslim masses politically. <br/> (iv) The Congress high command agreed to divide Punjab into two parts ,<a href="https://interviewquestions.tuteehub.com/tag/one-585732" style="font-weight:bold;" target="_blank" title="Click to know more about ONE">ONE</a> part would consist ,of the Hindus -Sikh majority and other part would consist of the Muslim-majority areas. The Sikhs feared that their refusal to the partition of Punjab may lead them to be over powered by the Muslims. <br/> (<a href="https://interviewquestions.tuteehub.com/tag/vi-723586" style="font-weight:bold;" target="_blank" title="Click to know more about VI">VI</a>) The same situation was in Bengal. The Bhadralok Bengali Hindus wanted to retain political power with them. As Hindus were in minority ,they favoured the partition. they believed that partition would help to retain political dominance.</body></html>
346.

Analyse the impact of American Civil War on the Tives of the Ryots in Deccan country-stde.

Answer» <html><body><p></p>Solution :The American <a href="https://interviewquestions.tuteehub.com/tag/civil-2779" style="font-weight:bold;" target="_blank" title="Click to know more about CIVIL">CIVIL</a> War affected the lives of ryots in following ways: ltbrlt (i) <a href="https://interviewquestions.tuteehub.com/tag/britain-402291" style="font-weight:bold;" target="_blank" title="Click to know more about BRITAIN">BRITAIN</a> was heavily dependent on America for its supply of raw cotton. To reduce this dependency they were always on the lookout for alternative sources on the lookout for alternative sources of supply. <br/> For this purpose they <a href="https://interviewquestions.tuteehub.com/tag/established-446764" style="font-weight:bold;" target="_blank" title="Click to know more about ESTABLISHED">ESTABLISHED</a> the Cotton Supply Association in 1857 and the Manchester Cofton Company in 1859. The objective of both was to encourage cotton production the world especially India. <br/> When the American Civil War broke out, supply of cotton to Britain drastically dropped. Frantic messages were sent to India and elsewhere increase cotton exports to Britain. Consequently, merchants gave advances to urban sahukars who in curn extended credit to rural moneylenders to acquire more cotton. <br/> (<a href="https://interviewquestions.tuteehub.com/tag/iv-501699" style="font-weight:bold;" target="_blank" title="Click to know more about IV">IV</a>)While the American crisis continued, cotton production in the Bombay Deccan expanded Betwecn 1860 and 1864 cotton acreage doubled. By 1862 over <a href="https://interviewquestions.tuteehub.com/tag/90-341351" style="font-weight:bold;" target="_blank" title="Click to know more about 90">90</a> per cent of cotton imports into Britain were coming from India. But these boom years did not bring prosperity to all cotton producers. Some rich peasants did gain, but for the large majority, cotton expansion meant heavier debt. <br/> (v) The moneylenders made the lives of ryots miserable. The ryots came to see the moneylenders as devious and deceitful. The moneylenders were violating the customary norms of the countryside. The credit flow to the ryots was Many ryots lost their lands, homes and resources to the moneylender.</body></html>
347.

What do you mean by Tipitaka ? Write their names.

Answer» <html><body><p></p>Solution :(i) The teachings of <a href="https://interviewquestions.tuteehub.com/tag/buddha-403339" style="font-weight:bold;" target="_blank" title="Click to know more about BUDDHA">BUDDHA</a> were compiled by his disciples at a council of senior monks at Vaishali . These <a href="https://interviewquestions.tuteehub.com/tag/compilations-925726" style="font-weight:bold;" target="_blank" title="Click to know more about COMPILATIONS">COMPILATIONS</a> were known as <a href="https://interviewquestions.tuteehub.com/tag/tipitaka-2308142" style="font-weight:bold;" target="_blank" title="Click to know more about TIPITAKA">TIPITAKA</a> . It literally means three <a href="https://interviewquestions.tuteehub.com/tag/baskets-893723" style="font-weight:bold;" target="_blank" title="Click to know more about BASKETS">BASKETS</a> to hold different type of texts. <br/> (ii) (a) Vinaya Pitaka , (b) Sutta Pitaka , Abhidhamma .</body></html>
348.

"Historians have used a veriety of sources to reconstruct the history of the Mauryan Empire." Explain.

Answer» <html><body><p></p><a href="https://interviewquestions.tuteehub.com/tag/solution-25781" style="font-weight:bold;" target="_blank" title="Click to know more about SOLUTION">SOLUTION</a> : Historians have used <a href="https://interviewquestions.tuteehub.com/tag/variety-1443303" style="font-weight:bold;" target="_blank" title="Click to know more about VARIETY">VARIETY</a> of SOurces to reconstruct the history of the Mauryan Empire. The ie include archaeological finds, especially sculure. Also valuable are contemporary works, such as the account of <a href="https://interviewquestions.tuteehub.com/tag/megasthenes-558187" style="font-weight:bold;" target="_blank" title="Click to know more about MEGASTHENES">MEGASTHENES</a> (a Greek ambassador to the court of Chandragupta Maurya), which survives in fragments. Another source that is <a href="https://interviewquestions.tuteehub.com/tag/often-585098" style="font-weight:bold;" target="_blank" title="Click to know more about OFTEN">OFTEN</a> used in the Arthashastra, parts of which were probably composed by Kautilya Chanakya, traditionally believed to be the minister of Chandragupta. Besides, the Mauryas are mentioned in la er Buddhist, <a href="https://interviewquestions.tuteehub.com/tag/jaina-522787" style="font-weight:bold;" target="_blank" title="Click to know more about JAINA">JAINA</a> and Puranic literature, as well as in Sanskrit literary works. While these are useful, the inscriptions of Asoka (c. 272/268-231 BCE) on rocks and pillars are often regarded as amongst the most valuable sources.</body></html>
349.

Describe any two features of the Fort St. George of White Town, where most of the Europeans lived.

Answer» <html><body><p></p>Solution :(i) In these <a href="https://interviewquestions.tuteehub.com/tag/towns-1424223" style="font-weight:bold;" target="_blank" title="Click to know more about TOWNS">TOWNS</a> <a href="https://interviewquestions.tuteehub.com/tag/white-742716" style="font-weight:bold;" target="_blank" title="Click to know more about WHITE">WHITE</a> people lived. (ii) These towns had wide roads, barracks, churches and parade ground. (<a href="https://interviewquestions.tuteehub.com/tag/iii-497983" style="font-weight:bold;" target="_blank" title="Click to know more about III">III</a>) The cantonment areas were also <a href="https://interviewquestions.tuteehub.com/tag/developed-431631" style="font-weight:bold;" target="_blank" title="Click to know more about DEVELOPED">DEVELOPED</a> at safe places</body></html>
350.

Why was administration of the Vijayanagara empire famous ?

Answer» <html><body><p></p>Solution :The administration of Vijayanagara empire was <a href="https://interviewquestions.tuteehub.com/tag/famous-456388" style="font-weight:bold;" target="_blank" title="Click to know more about FAMOUS">FAMOUS</a> because <br/> (i) It was based on the will of the people. <br/> (ii) <a href="https://interviewquestions.tuteehub.com/tag/administrative-850216" style="font-weight:bold;" target="_blank" title="Click to know more about ADMINISTRATIVE">ADMINISTRATIVE</a> officers were very capable and <a href="https://interviewquestions.tuteehub.com/tag/honest-480284" style="font-weight:bold;" target="_blank" title="Click to know more about HONEST">HONEST</a>. <br/> (<a href="https://interviewquestions.tuteehub.com/tag/iii-497983" style="font-weight:bold;" target="_blank" title="Click to know more about III">III</a>) <a href="https://interviewquestions.tuteehub.com/tag/policy-602125" style="font-weight:bold;" target="_blank" title="Click to know more about POLICY">POLICY</a> of religious tolerance was adopted by the Rayas (Rulers) of the Vijayanagara empire.</body></html>