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InterviewSolution
This section includes InterviewSolutions, each offering curated multiple-choice questions to sharpen your Class 11 knowledge and support exam preparation. Choose a topic below to get started.
| 1151. |
About homo erectus |
| Answer» The extinct ancient human\xa0Homo erectus\xa0is a species of firsts. It was the first of our relatives to have human-like body proportions, with shorter arms and longer legs relative to its torso. It was also the first known hominin to migrate out of Africa, and possibly the first to cook food.\xa0Homo erectus is an extinct species of archaic human from the Pleistocene, with its earliest occurrence about 2 million years ago, and its specimens are among the first recognisable members of the genus Homo. | |
| 1152. |
Mentio the source of the history of the Roman Empire |
| Answer» Texts,Material remains,and Documents | |
| 1153. |
Who was the first woman Sufi saint |
| Answer» Rabia was the first woman Sufi saint. She was deeply religious. Her teachings had a deep impact on the heart and mind of the people. | |
| 1154. |
Who was the founder of Islam |
| Answer» Prophet Mohammed<br>The\xa0founder of Islam\xa0was Prophet Muhammad.\xa0 | |
| 1155. |
What is transhuman |
| Answer» Transhumanism is a class of philosophies of life that seek the continuation and acceleration of the evolution of intelligent life beyond its currently human form and human limitations by means of science and technology, guided by life-promoting principles and values.<br>Answer | |
| 1156. |
What was the effect of Church on Roman Empire?(The Three orders) |
| Answer» The\xa0three orders\xa0are\xa0three\xa0social categories: Christian priests, landowning nobles and peasants. The term \'feudalism\' has been used by historians to describe the economic, legal, political and social relationships that existed in Europe in the medieval era.\xa0Medieval society\xa0in Europe was divided into\xa0three orders\xa0(groups of people): those who work, those who fight, and those who pray. The people who work consisted of serfs and other peasants who lived on their lord\'s manor. Serfs\xa0were\xa0peasants who\xa0were\xa0owned by a lord. | |
| 1157. |
What inference can be drawn from the source\'The Courtier\' |
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| 1158. |
Why tribes did not attempt extensive agriculture and since they did not produce a surplus |
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| 1159. |
Why do you think Ashurbanipal and Nabonidus cherished early Mesopotamian traditions? |
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| 1160. |
Mention the sources which help us to study \'The central islamic Land\'s? |
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| 1161. |
Write a short note on code of Hammurabi |
| Answer» The black stone stele containing the Code of Hammurabi was carved from a single, four-ton slab of diorite, a durable but incredibly difficult stone for carving.\xa0At its top is a two-and-a-half-foot relief carving of a standing Hammurabi receiving the law—symbolized by a measuring rod and tape—from the seated Shamash, the Babylonian god of justice. The rest of the seven-foot-five-inch monument is covered with columns of chiseled cuneiform script.\xa0The text, compiled at the end of Hammurabi’s reign, is less a proclamation of principles than a collection of legal precedents, set between prose celebrating Hammurabi’s just and pious rule. Hammurabi’s Code provides some of the earliest examples of the doctrine of “lex talionis,” or the laws of retribution, sometimes better known as “an eye for an eye.” | |
| 1162. |
Sir iss may kuch language chang e na he kar suckhtay |
| Answer» Objective na hee hai | |
| 1163. |
Mention the role of portuguese in the spreading of renaissance |
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| 1164. |
What was the concept of humanism?? |
| Answer» Sawidhan kya h<br>Humanism: Humanism was one of the movements that started in Italy in fourteenth century.\xa0Italian universities were centres of legal studies.\xa0Francesco Petrarch\xa0is known as ‘Father of Humanism’. He\xa0suggested a shift from the study of law to the ancient Roman culture and texts. The term ‘humanism’ was first used by\xa0Roman lawyer and essayist\xa0Cicero. Humanists thought that they were restoring ‘true civilisation’ after centuries of darkness, for they believed that a\xa0‘Dark Age’\xa0had set in after the collapse of the Roman Empire. The period from the fifth to fourteenth centuries was the\xa0Middle Ages, and the\xa0Modern Age\xa0started from fifteenth century. | |
| 1165. |
Why the industrial revolution broke out in England first ? |
| Answer» Factors which led to the beginning of Industrial Revolution in England were:\tThe beginning of Renaissance and Reformation led to awakening among the people in Europe. Inventions made by the British scientists brought a revolution in the industries of Great Britain. Invention of the “Spinning Jenny’ by James Hargreaves in 1769 made the speed of spinning faster. Invention of ‘Water Frame’ by Richard Arkwright produced stronger and harder yarn than that of the Spinning Jenny and ushered in the factory system.\tEngland had a large colonial empire. She procured raw materials from colonies at cheaper rates for her industries. India was one of the countries from where she purchased raw materials like cotton at extremely cheap rates. She not only brought raw materials at cheap rates but also sold her manufactured goods in the colonial markets. Thus availability of markets led to the flourishing of industries in England.\tSeveral raw materials like iron and coal were available in England. Further, she was a supreme naval power. She was able to procure raw materials from other parts of the world by ships. Moderate climate of England helped in the development of textile industries.\tAs England began to reap huge benefits from the international trade, industries in England began to expand bringing about increase in production of goods and materials. Napoleonic Wars had damaged the trade and industry of the continental countries. But since these wars were never fought in Britain, the long period of peace prevailed which led to the development of industrial production in England.\tThe decline of feudalism resulted in large number of unemployed peasants. They came to cities in search of jobs and thus labourers were easily available for factories in England.\tThe use of charcoal and tar enabled the construction of roads in many European countries. In 1804, locomotive engine was manufactured by George Stephenson. This improved transport system in England.\tThe invention of steam engine by James Watt led to the beginning of the Industrial Revolution. In 1813, the railways ran with the help of steam.\tMany protestant artisans of Spain and France migrated to England for the fear of religious persecution in their own countries. The English government provided them with shelter and monetary help. Their skills helped in the development of industries in England. | |
| 1166. |
Mention any three characteristics of cuneiform script |
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| 1167. |
Briefly discuss the causes for the decline of the Roman Empire. |
| Answer» The factors responsible for the decline of the Roman Civilization are as followings :1. Wars and Luxurious Life : Repeated wars and conquests bent and broke the back of democracy. The luxurious and easeful way of living demoralised the ruling class.2. Slave Revolts : The number of slaves had out numbered the free men. They grew rebellious and could not be quelled by the ruling class.3. The\xa0Weakness of Emperors : The Roman emperors being incompetent and weak could not face the invaders.4. Spread of Christianity : The Christian religion gave meassage of love and equality. It weakened the rule of emperors since it created rebellions feeling among the slaves.5. Raids and invasions : Invaders and raiders shattered the Roman Civilization. | |
| 1168. |
Discuss the crisis of the 3rd century |
| Answer» The Crisis of the Third Century, also known as Military Anarchy or the Imperial Crisis (AD 235–284), was a period in which the Roman Empire nearly collapsed under the combined pressures of invasion, civil war, plague, and economic depression. The crisis began with the assassination of Emperor Severus Alexander by his own troops in 235, initiating a 50-year period during which there were at least 26 claimants to the title of emperor, mostly prominent Roman army generals, who assumed imperial power over all or part of the Empire. The same number of men became accepted by the Roman Senate as emperor during this period and so became legitimate emperors. | |
| 1169. |
Name one University of Italy |
| Answer» Padua and Bologna | |
| 1170. |
What was the education policy in roman empire |
| Answer» Education in the Roman empire contributed to the social mobility that characterized the earlier period of Imperial history known as the Principate.Education was available only for those who could pay for it, since there was no state- supported system of schools with public funding.A higher rate of literacy is indicated among military personnel than among the general population. Educated women were not unusual, and there was an expectation that upper-class girls would at least attend primary school, probably in the same classes as boys. Only an elite few, regardless of gender, went on to receive secondary education.Modest number of slaves were educated and they played a key role in promoting education and the culture of literacy. Teachers, scribes, and secretaries were likely to be slaves. The education of slaves was not discouraged, and slave-children might attend classes with the children of their masters. Book stores were already well-established in Rome by the beginning of the Imperial period, and are found also in urban centers of the provinces.Books were expensive, but by the later period, popular genres of literature indicated reading for pleasure among non-elites. Emperor sponsored libraries that were to some extent public, and a wealthy individual might donate a library for a community, or accumulate impressive private collections to which in-house scholars might be attached. Literacy is thought to have declined in late antiquity during the transition away from the classical institutions and practices that supported it. | |
| 1171. |
Illustrate the construction of temples and gradually increasing activities in temples of mesopotamia |
| Answer» Mesopotamian temples have played a significant role in the history of Mesopotamia. They constructed temples and dedicated them to their different gods and goddesses. Their temples were dedicated to Nanna, Anu, Enki and Inanna. Besides these four deities, each town had its own deity who was considered to be the protector of the respective town.Temples of early Mesopotamia were comparatively smaller in size. They were also made of unbaked bricks. With the passage of time, the temple began to take new shape. Their importance as well as size began to increase. They used to build their temples on the hill tops because they believed that God (deities) dwell on the hill-top. These temples were made of baked bricks.One of the peculiar features of these temples was that their outer walls had inward and outward bend at regular intervals. The temple had a courtyard and there were several rooms around it. The image of the deity was placed in the main room. Some rooms served as dwelling places for priests and other rooms were meant to stay for the pilgrims.Increasing Activities of the Temples:\tTemples served as center of imparting education, where the priests used to serve as teachers.\tLand attached to temples was also used for industrial purposes.\tTemples were also engaged in sales and purchases of goods and also used to provide advance loans to the traders and charge interest thereon.\tThe people offered grains, curd, dates, etc. to serve their deities. They also sacrificed ox, sheep, goat, etc. to offer their blessings.\tTemples also served as the centers for entertainment and provided a common platform for the people to meet each other and get a new boost. | |
| 1172. |
Choose any two developments each from timelines 1 and 2 at the end of the chapter. |
| Answer» The developments and significance:1. Timeline : For several million years, humans lived by hunting wild animals and gathering wild plants. Then, between 10,000 and 4,500 years ago, people in different parts of the world learnt to domesticate certain plants and animals. This led to the development of farming and pastoralism as a way of life. The shift from foraging to farming was a major turning point in human history.\xa02. The last ice age came to an end about 13,000 years ago and with that warmer, wetter conditions prevailed. As a result, conditions were favourable for the growth of grasses such as wild barley and wheat. At the same time, as open forests and grasslands expanded, the population of certain animal species such as wild sheep, goat, cattle, pig and donkey increased.What we find is that human societies began to gradually prefer areas that had an abundance of wild grasses and animals. Now relatively large, permanent communities occupied such areas for most parts of the year.With some areas being clearly preferred, a pressure may have built up to increase the food supply. This may have triggered the process of domestication of certain plants and animals. It is likely that a combination of factors which included climatic change, population pressure, a greater reliance on and knowledge of a few species of plants (such as wheat, barley, rice and millet) and animals (such as sheep, goat, cattle, donkey and pig) played a role in this transformation.3. One such area where farming and pastoralism began around 10,000 years ago was the Fertile Crescent, extending from the Mediterranean coast to the Zagros mountains in Iran.With the introduction of agriculture, more people began to stay in one place for even longer periods than they had done before.Thus permanent houses began to be built of mud, mud bricks and even stone. These are some of the earliest villages known to archaeologists.4. Farming and pastoralism led to the introduction of many other changes such as the making of pots in which to store graingand other produce, and to cook food.Besides, new kinds of stone tools came into use. Other new tools such as the plough were used in agriculture. Gradually, people became familiar with metals such as copper and tin. The wheel, important for both pot making and transportation, came into use.5. About 5,000 years ago, even larger concentrations of people began to live together in cities. | |
| 1173. |
Explain why invention or development leads to another? |
| Answer» \tWhen an invention is created for a certain job, e.g. headphones, a number of factors occur.\xa0First of all, the invention focuses on this particular area or task. Telephones had attracted attention\xa0to communication and therefore\xa0more inventions were thought of. In addition, every invention has its own limitations/ People are also inventing new things when attempting to solve these limitations.\tFor example ,the invention of "Spinning Jenny" created a necessity\xa0to accelerate weaving of cloth which had\xa0facilitated\xa0the invention of a "loom", which then had\xa0increased the demand for raw cotton, which prompted the invention of cotton gin that\xa0created the "demand for "stronger iron" to make bigger "stronger machines",\xa0enhancements in "smelting metal" led to the invention of steel. | |
| 1174. |
Explain how development in the textile industry sparked industrial revolution? |
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| 1175. |
Who were the factory inspectors? What were the problem faced by them? |
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| 1176. |
Mention any two features of town planning of Ur. |
| Answer» a. Ur was an important city of Mesopotamia civilization.b. The city was well known was for its urban planning, with traders, merchants residing in one side of he side.c. The city of Ur was characterised by long , widening lanes and streets.d. The houses in the city was also well planned, with open courtyard, chapels, kitchen , two living rooms, the houses were all adjoining,however every house had inner courtyards.e.The Ur was known for its water and flood control system, which was well in place.f. There has been enough evidence to prove that Ur was he thriving urban centre and a major port | |
| 1177. |
What do you know about the Gilgamesh Epic? |
| Answer» The Gilgamesh epic occupies a special place not only in Sumerian literature, but also in world history. It was written by Uruk ruler Gilgamesh, who ruled there about 2700 BCE. It was written on 12 tablets. This epic is about the achievements of Gilgamesh. Gilgamesh was a famous ruler of Uruk. He was a great ruler and laid the foundation of a vast empire. To secure the Uruk against any threat of the foreign ruler he constructed a well around it with a view to end his tyrannical rule. People prayed to deity, Anu. As a result of this, God Anu ordered the goddess Arur to create such a God who could surpass Gilgamesh. The goddess created Enkidu who fought with Gilgamesh. He was impressed by his bravery and became a fast friend. | |
| 1178. |
How did Mari become prosperous? |
| Answer» The royal capital of Mari flourished after 2000 BCE. Mari is situated much further upstream on the Euphrates; rather than on the fertile southern plain. Some communities in the kingdom of Mari had both farmers and pastoralists. Most of its territory was used for pasturing sheep and goats. Exchange of materials was the norm between herders and farmers. But access or denial of access to water resources often led to conflict between herders and farmers. Nomadic communities of the western desert often came to the prosperous agricultural heartland. Some of them also worked as harvest laborers or hired soldiers. Some of them became prosperous and settled down. A few gained power to establish their own rule. Akkadians, Amorites, Assyrians and Aramaeans were examples of such herders. | |
| 1179. |
Who was Enmerkar? What was his contribution? |
| Answer» Enmerkar , one ☝of the oldest ruler of Uruk. He was the ruler of Uruk before Gilgamish . Contribution :He was the person who wrote ✍️on the tablet first time. | |
| 1180. |
Which three types of cities in developed in southern Mesopotamia |
| Answer» Uruk, Akkad, Babylon, Assur, Persepolis, Nineveh and Nimrud\xa0are major cities developed in Mesopotamia which is a historical part of Western Asia and it was under the control of Parthian Empire. It was also become a battleground between Parthians and Romans. Civilization was formed in the bank of Euphrates and Tigres River which is now a Kuwait and Iraq. During their civilization Uruk was the first city in the world history where the population was around 80,000 and was largest city during 2900 BC. | |
| 1181. |
What is meant by mesopotamia |
| Answer» The word Mesopotamia is derived from two Greek words mesos meaning middle and potamos meaning river. Hence ,the land between two rivers(Tigris and Euphrates) is called Mesopotamia.<br>The word Mesopotamia is derived form two greek words, \'mesos\' meaning middle and \'potamos\' meaning river | |
| 1182. |
What are features of urban life |
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| 1183. |
Short Questions of The Three orders |
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| 1184. |
What were guild? |
| Answer» Guilds were the association of craftsmen or merchants who followed same craft and profession. Guilds usually existed in the medieval period. The main aim of forming guilds was to protect the interests of the members. | |
| 1185. |
Which new class emerged in 13th and 14th century?(The Three orders) |
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| 1186. |
What is the institution of caliphate? |
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| 1187. |
Write an essay on the economy of Islam ? |
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| 1188. |
What were the changes took place in Islam over the passage of time |
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| 1189. |
Write a note on the concept of Renaissance |
| Answer» Renaissance means ‘rebirth’. It occurred in Italy in the fifteenth century. A new movement of knowledge started in Europe after a long dark age of ignorance. The people of Europe again began to take interest in European ancient culture and civilisation.<br>The term ‘Renaissance’ literally means rebirth or revival. It was a complex transitional movement which took place in Europe between 14th\xa0to 17th\xa0centuries. It stressed on rational thinking and humanism. During Renaissance, many developments took place in literature, art, architecture, science and technology. It marked the beginning of the modern era in Europe. | |
| 1190. |
What was the copernical revolution |
| Answer» 1. Christians had believed that the earth was a sinful place and the heavy burden of sin made it immobile. The earth stood at the centre of the universe around which moved the celestial planets.2.\xa0Copernicus asserted that the planets, including the earth, rotate around the sun. A devout Christian, Copernicus was afraid of the possible reaction to his theory by traditionalist clergymen. For this reason, he did not want his manuscript, De revolutionibus (the Rotation) to be printed. On his deathbed, he gave it to his follower, Joachim Rheticus.3.\xa0It took time for people to accept this idea. It was much later - more than half a century later, in fact - that the difference between ‘heaven’ and earth was bridged through the writings of astronomers like Johannes Kepler (1571-1630) and Galileo Galilei (1564-1642).4.\xa0The theory of the earth as part of a sun-centred system was made popular by Kepler\'s Cosmographical Mystery, which demonstrated that the planets move around the sun not in circles but in ellipses. Galileo confirmed the notion of the dynamic world in his work The Motion. This revolution in science reached its climax with Isaac Newton\'s theory of gravitation. | |
| 1191. |
What changes took place within the Christianity in the 15th and 16th century |
| Answer» The Catholic response to the Protestant Reformation is known as the Counter-Reformation which resulted in a reassertion of traditional doctrines and the emergence of new religious orders aimed at both moral reform and new missionary activity. | |
| 1192. |
What were the condition of women in Europe |
| Answer» Women in France did not avail respectable status in society. They were considered much inferior to men before the Revolution. Most of them of the third estate had to work for a living.\xa0They worked as seamstresses or laundresses, sold flowers, fruits and vegetables at the market or were employed as domestic servants in the houses of wealthy people.\xa0Most women did not have access to education or job training. Only daughters of nobles or weathier members of the third estate could get education.\xa0Working women had to take care of their families. They had to cook, fetch water, queue up for bread and look after the children. Their wages were always lower than those of men. | |
| 1193. |
Write a note on the aspiration of women |
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| 1194. |
Give a detailed description of agricultural development that took place in 15th century |
| Answer» Agriculture in the Middle Ages describes the farming practices, crops, technology, and agricultural society and economy of Europe from the fall of the Western Roman Empire in 476 to approximately 1500. The Middle Ages are sometimes called the Medieval Age or Period. The Middle Ages are also divided into the Early, High, and Late Middle Ages. The early modern period followed the Middle Ages.Farming in the Middle AgesEpidemics and climatic cooling caused a large decrease in the European population in the 6th century. Compared to the Roman period, agriculture in the Middle Ages in Western Europe became more focused on self-sufficiency. The Feudal period began about 1000. The agricultural population under feudalism in Northern Europe was typically organized into manors consisting of several hundred or more acres of land presided over by a Lord of the manor, with a Roman Catholic church and priest. Most of the people living on the manor were peasant farmers or serfs who grew crops for themselves, and either labored for the lord and church or paid rent for their land. Barley and wheat were the most important crops in most European regions; oats and rye were also grown, along with a variety of vegetables and fruits. Oxen and horses were used as draft animals. Sheep were raised for wool and pigs were raised for meat.Crop failures due to bad weather were frequent throughout the Middle Ages and famine was often the result. Despite the hardships, there is anthropometric evidence that medieval European men were taller (and therefore presumably better fed) than the men of the preceding Roman Empire and the subsequent early modern era.The medieval system of agriculture began to break down in the 14th century with the development of more intensive agricultural methods in the Low Countries and after the population losses of the Black Death in 1347–1351 made more land available to a diminished number of farmers. Medieval farming practices, however, continued with little change in the Slavic regions and some other areas until the mid-19th century. | |
| 1195. |
Write the contribution of Arab in the development of science and philosophy |
| Answer» \xa01. Arab\'s Contribution in the Field of Science :(i) The Arabs produced great physicians like Al-Razi and Ibn-Sina who respectively discovered the true nature of smallpox and tuberculosis. They organised hospitals, for the treatment of the infectious diseases.ii).\xa0In Mathematics the Arabs spread the knowledge of numbers and trigonometry in the other regions of the world Omar-Khayyam a great Mathematicians of Arab devised a calendar which is more accurate than the present Christian Calendar.iii).\xa0The Arab astronomers believed that the earth revolves round the sun. | |
| 1196. |
What were the humanist view of history |
| Answer» Humanism was a restoration of true civilization after the Dark Age that had set in after the fall of the Roman Empire.1. Humanism stressed on the individual skills. A person with many skills and interests have been referred to as the Renaissance man. The emerging belief in individual potential helped to identify a town by its citizens.2. The Humanist thought had a very different idea of history. According to this thought only humanism could revive the long past true civilisation. This revival would enable to end the Dark Age that Europe was then passing through.3. The establishment of the New Age would mark an end to the period of the supremacy of the Church. The basis of humanism is naturalism, which is antithetical to the beliefs of Christianity.4. Humanism revived the classical Greek literature. The works of Aristotle and Plato were translated. Along with these subjects modern faculties such as chemistry, mathematics, natural science and astronomy also became a part of the college curriculum.5. Not only formal education but also art, architecture and books were effective mediums of transmitting humanist ideas. Drawing realistic paintings and sculpting perfectly proportioned figures of men and women were expressions of humanism. Painters and sculptors started to rely on anatomy, geometry and physics to recreate reality. | |
| 1197. |
What role were played by the universities in spreading humanism |
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| 1198. |
Explain the factors that led the revival of Italian cities |
| Answer» The\xa0Italian city-states\xa0were a political phenomenon of small independent states mostly in the central and northern\xa0Italian Peninsula\xa0between the 9th and the 15th centuries.After the\xa0fall of the Western Roman Empire, urban settlements in Italy generally enjoyed a greater continuity than in the rest of western\xa0Europe. Many of these towns were survivors of earlier\xa0Etruscan, Umbrian and Roman towns which had existed within the Roman Empire. The republican institutions of Rome had also survived. Some\xa0feudal lords\xa0existed with a servile labour force and huge tracts of land, but by the 11th century, many cities, including\xa0Venice,\xa0Milan,\xa0Florence,\xa0Genoa,\xa0Pisa,\xa0Lucca,\xa0Cremona,\xa0Siena,\xa0Città di Castello,\xa0Perugia, and many others, had become large trading metropoles, able to obtain independence from their formal sovereigns. | |
| 1199. |
What changes were occured in Europe during the 14th 15th century |
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| 1200. |
Changed life during the industrial revolution |
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