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InterviewSolution
This section includes InterviewSolutions, each offering curated multiple-choice questions to sharpen your knowledge and support exam preparation. Choose a topic below to get started.
| 851. |
Why did Mughal emperor prepare manuscripts? |
| Answer» SOLUTION :(i) It symbolise their strength. (II) They were CONSIDERED as valuable goods. | |
| 852. |
What was the aim of the Cabinet mission (1946)? |
| Answer» Solution :(i) Aim of the CABINET Mission was to negotiate with the Indian LEADERS terms for transfer of POWER to Indians. | |
| 853. |
To what extent does knowledge of Buddhist literature help in understanding the sculpture of Sanchi ? |
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Answer» Solution :(i) Several sculptures show the Buddha in human form instead they represented him by use of SYMBOLS each of which was related to pivotal aspect of his life . (ii) The Stupa Mahaparinibban , the tree enlightenment for Buddha as per tradition attained enlightenment under the tree in Bodh Gaya. (iii) The Wheel symbolised the Buddha preaciated his first sermon at Sarnath . The lotus SPIRITUAL growth. The elephant is ASSOCIATED with the story of the buddha.s birth and the HORSE CAME to represent renunciation. (iv) The Jataka stories are a source for art historians to unravel some of the mysteries of the depiction of a rural scene art historians have identified is a story in stone. (v) Literary tradition reflect some of the recurrent sculptures at Sanchi were perhaps not directly inspired by Buddhist ideas and folklore but by traditions . Pre- Buddhist as a beautiful woman swinging from the edge of the gateway is to inspired by popular tradition described in Sanskrit as Shalabhanjika . (vi) Jatakas contain several animal stories that are depicted at Sanchi. According to popular traditions animals wereoftenused to symbolise human attributes . Elephants were depicted to signify strength and wisdom. (vii) The woman motif surrounded by lotuses and elephants which seem to be sprinkling water as abhisheka is identified by some historians as Maya , the mother of Buddha. (viii) The knowledge of Buddhist literature has enabled art historians to delineate , understand and correlates the symbols, stories and popular traditions in the sculpture of Sanchi Stupa. |
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| 854. |
Explain how the people of Vijayanagara obtained water for their needs. |
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Answer» SOLUTION :(i) The water requirement of the people of Vijayanagara were met by the river Tungabhadra. Krishnadeva Raya, the ruler of Vijayanagara, got constructed many tanks to overcome this problem in his empire. (ii) The most important tank built by him was Kamalapuram Tank. The water of this tank was USED to irrigate nearby fields and to fulfil the water needs of the royal centres. (iii) Out of the water works constructed by the ruler of Vijayanagara empire, the Hiriya canal is worth MENTIONING. The RUINS of this canal can be seen even today. (iv) This water was brought to this canal by an EMBANKMENT on river Tungabhadra. The water of this canal was used for irrigating the valley which separates the sacred centres from the urban centres. |
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| 855. |
Read the passage given below and answer the questions that follow: A divine order? To jusify their claims, Brahmans often cited a verse from a hymn in the Rigveda known as the Purusha Sukta, describing the sacrifice of Purusha, the primeval man. All the elements of the universe, including the four social categories, were supposed to have emanated from his body: The Brahmans was his mouth, of his arms was made the Ks hatriya. His thighs became the Vaishya, of his feet the Shudra was born. According to Rigveda how did the elements oeuniverse and four social categories eraanate? |
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Answer» Solution : Rigveda describes the form of his as coatless heads, eyes and LEGS manifested everywhere and beyond the SCOPE of any limited method of cormprehension. He is the source of all creation. The moon takes birth from the Purusha's MIND and the sur from his eyes. INDRA and Agni descend from his mouth and from his vital breath, air is born. According to Rigveda the four varnas are ALSO built from the body parts of the Purusa. Brahmins were created from his mouth while Kashtriyas were created by his arms, Vaishyas from thighs and Shudras from feet. Thus, this shows the hierarchy of the four strate from having superiority arms, thighs and feet. |
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| 856. |
Indian constitution is a product of historical evolution. Justify the statement. |
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Answer» Solution :(i) Our constitution is a product of historical evolution. It was a product of influences on our leaders of historical events that took place in India and world at LARGE. , (ii) Communalism gained strength as India moved towards freedom. The leaders of freedom struggle realized India.s unity can be secured only by following the principles of secularism. Hence, secularism remains one of the most important elements of our constitution. (iii) India saw separatists. tendencies during the freedom movements itself. The most prominent was of course the POLITICS of MUSLIM League but there were many more. (IV) To defeat such separatist tendencies, the constitution of India provided for strong centre. (v) Many of the leaders of freedom struggle were influenced by the socialist triumphs and achievements in Soviet Union and other places. Socialism hence also BECAME a guiding principle of our constitution. |
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| 857. |
Read the passage given below and answer the questions that follow: A divine order? To jusify their claims, Brahmans often cited a verse from a hymn in the Rigveda known as the Purusha Sukta, describing the sacrifice of Purusha, the primeval man. All the elements of the universe, including the four social categories, were supposed to have emanated from his body: The Brahmans was his mouth, of his arms was made the Ks hatriya. His thighs became the Vaishya, of his feet the Shudra was born. How does Rigveda describe the sacrifice of Purusha? |
| Answer» SOLUTION : According to Rigveda PURUSA is a primeval giant that is sacrificed by the God and from whose bodies the world and the varnas are built. Rigveda presents the nature of Purusha or the cosmic being as both immanent in the MANIFESTED world and yet transcendent to it and that the SACRIFICE was imperative for creation of the world. | |
| 858. |
Mention any two reasons for the British to take upon themselves the tasks of town planning in Bengal in the very beginning. |
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Answer» Solution : A. The credit of town planning in Bengal goes to British who framed rules and regulations for urban land. The use of urban land was inspired by a vision of EXCELLENT town planning. B. A number of factors (reasons) were responsible for it. The most important among them were the following: (a) Defence Purpose: (i) The British took up the task of town planning for the defence purpose against the local rulers. In 1756 the nawab of Bengal Sirajudaula attacked Calcultta and sacked the small MEN to keep their goods. (ii) The traders of the company CHALLENGED the authority of nawab and refused to PAY custom duty. Angered by this the Nawab decided to assert his authority. (b) Construction of Fort William: (i) The British asserted the monopoly over Bengal by defeating Sirajudaula in the battle of PLASSEY which was fought in 1757. (ii) So the company decided to build a new fort which is invincible and impregnable. |
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| 859. |
Read the passage given below and answer the questions that follow: A divine order? To jusify their claims, Brahmans often cited a verse from a hymn in the Rigveda known as the Purusha Sukta, describing the sacrifice of Purusha, the primeval man. All the elements of the universe, including the four social categories, were supposed to have emanated from his body: The Brahmans was his mouth, of his arms was made the Ks hatriya. His thighs became the Vaishya, of his feet the Shudra was born. How did the Brahmanas enforce these norms ? |
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Answer» Solution :Brahmanas enforced these norms by writing down the RULES in Sanskrit TEXTS such as Manusmriti. They also appealed and taught to kings that it is Raj dharma to ensure that all varnas work according ntore PRESCRIBED OCCUPATIONS. There were punishments for those who tried to break away from and DEFY the varna norms. |
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| 860. |
Why were the dialogues at the Round Table Conference inconclusive? |
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Answer» Solution :(i) The British Government has had the policy to review the PROGRESS of self-rule in India and bring reforms after the gap of ten years. This began in 1910 with Morley Minto Reform and was followed in 1920 with Montague Chemsford Report, ten years later. (ii) British government organized Round Table Conference in London for the way forward. The First Round Table Conference took place in November, 1930. The Conference failed as the most important stakeholder of Indian Freedom Movement, the Indian National Congress was absent in the conference. The leaders of the Congress were BEHIND bars due to civil disobedience movement. (iii) The Second Round Table Conference took place in February 1931. One month earlier Mahatma Gandhi was released from the jail. Hence, he participated in the conference. (iv) Gandhi IRWIN pact was signed and the British government agreed to withdraw salt law partly But the agreement came under criticism as it did not talk about complete independence of India. (v) Third and the most important Round Table Conference took place in the later part of 1931. The new constitutional developments were not agreed upon. The main reason was that the other participants of the conference described Congress as representative of SMALL group of Indians and not the entire population . (vi) The major voice of dissent was the Muslim League that claimed itself the sole representative of the Muslims in India. Dr B.R. Ambedkar claimed himself the sole representative of the low castes in India and the native rulers also claimed that they would deal with the British independently and Congress could not have any say in that. (vii) To conclude divisive politics of Muslim League, Dr Ambedkar and the attitude of the princely states are the main reasons for the failure of the round table conferences. |
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| 861. |
Name the major anthology compiled by the Alvars which is also described as the Tamil Veda. How did various chiefdoms in the Tamil region help them in the early first millennium CE? |
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Answer» Solution :(i) The major anthology compiled by the Alvars was the Nalayira Divya prabandham, it is ALSO describe as the Tamil Veda. (II) There were many significant CHIEFDOMS in the Tamil REGION in the early first millennium CE. They got occasional royal patronage. |
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| 862. |
How do ou think that the chronicles commissioned by the Mughal Emperors are an important source for studying Mughal history ? |
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Answer» Solution :Chronicles as a source for studying Mughal history (i) Chronicles are important source for studying history of the Mughal rule. (II) They were written to project the vision of an enlightened kingdom-that-who came under its umbrella. (iii) They were meant to convey messages to those who resist the Mughal rule . (iv) Rulers WANTED to ensure that there was an account of their rule for posterity. (v) The histories they wrote FOCUSED on events centered on the ruler, his family, the courts and nobles, wars and administrative ARRANGEMENTS. (vi) Akbar- Nama, Shahjahan Nama, Alamgir Nama suggest that in the eyes of their authors the history of the EMPIRE and the court was synonymous with that of the emperor. (Any other relevant Points) (Any four points to be examined) |
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| 863. |
Who was Gahapati ? |
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Answer» Solution :(i) GAHAPATI was the owner, master orhead of a HOUSEHOLD. (II) He was the owner of the resources-land, animals and other THINGS that BELONGED to the household. |
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| 864. |
Read the following excerpt carefully and answer the questions that follows: "Tomorrow we shall break the salt tax law" On 5 April 1930, Mabatma Gandhi spoke at Dandi When I left Sabarmati with my companions for this scaside hamlet of Dandi, I was not certain in my mind that we would be allowed to reach this place. Even while was at Sabarmati there was arumour that I might be arrested. I had thought that the Government might perhaps let ny party come as far as Dandi, but not me certainly. If someone says that this betrays imperfect faith on my part, I shall not deny the charge. That I have reached here is in no small measure due to the power of peace and non-violence that power is universally felt. The Government may, if it wishes, congratulate itself on acting as it has done, for it could have arrested every one of us In saying that it did not have the courage to arrest this army of peace, we praise it. It felt ashamed to arrest such an army. He is a civilised man who feels ashamed to do anything which his neighbours would disapprove. The Government deserves to be congratulated on not arresting us, even if it desisted only from fear of world opinion. Tomorrow we shall break the salt tax law. Whether the Government will tolerate that is a different question. It may not tolerate it, but it deserves congratulations on the patience and forbearance it has displayed in regard to this party What if I and all the eminent leaders in Gujarat and in the rest of the country are arrested ? This movement is based on the faith that when a whole nation is roused and on the march no leader is necessary (CWMG) vol 49 Collected works of Mabalma Gandhi. "The power of peace and non-violence is universally felt." Why did Gandhiji said so? |
| Answer» Solution : The GOVT. did not have the COURAGE to STOP the march or arrest all of them and the whole world was watching with wonder That was the power of peace and non-violeace. It aroused feelings of nationalism. This is the REASON, Gandhiji OPINED that the power of peace and non violence is felt universally | |
| 865. |
Highlight any four aspects observed by the Portuguese traveller Barbosa on the Urban Core of the Vijaynagar Empire. |
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Answer» SOLUTION : Barbosa has described a detailed account of Vijaynagar rulers, economic and social life of the empire. Four ASPECTS observed by Barbosa are given below: (i ) Most of the houses were thatched but well built. (ii) Houses were arranged according to the OCCUPATION of the people in long streets in many open places. (iii)The whole nagar was surrounded by a MOUNTAIN, a river, a good wall. (iv) There were many jewels which were brought from Pegu and Celani and in the country irself many diamonds are found. |
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| 866. |
Read the following excerpt carefully and answer the questions that follows: "Tomorrow we shall break the salt tax law" On 5 April 1930, Mabatma Gandhi spoke at Dandi When I left Sabarmati with my companions for this scaside hamlet of Dandi, I was not certain in my mind that we would be allowed to reach this place. Even while was at Sabarmati there was arumour that I might be arrested. I had thought that the Government might perhaps let ny party come as far as Dandi, but not me certainly. If someone says that this betrays imperfect faith on my part, I shall not deny the charge. That I have reached here is in no small measure due to the power of peace and non-violence that power is universally felt. The Government may, if it wishes, congratulate itself on acting as it has done, for it could have arrested every one of us In saying that it did not have the courage to arrest this army of peace, we praise it. It felt ashamed to arrest such an army. He is a civilised man who feels ashamed to do anything which his neighbours would disapprove. The Government deserves to be congratulated on not arresting us, even if it desisted only from fear of world opinion. Tomorrow we shall break the salt tax law. Whether the Government will tolerate that is a different question. It may not tolerate it, but it deserves congratulations on the patience and forbearance it has displayed in regard to this party What if I and all the eminent leaders in Gujarat and in the rest of the country are arrested ? This movement is based on the faith that when a whole nation is roused and on the march no leader is necessary (CWMG) vol 49 Collected works of Mabalma Gandhi. Why was Salt March notable? |
| Answer» Solution :SALT march was notable due to the power of peace and non-violence. Women PARTICIPATED in Iarge numbers which MADE this movement all the more POWERFUL. | |
| 867. |
Read the following excerpt carefully and answer the questions that follows: "Tomorrow we shall break the salt tax law" On 5 April 1930, Mabatma Gandhi spoke at Dandi When I left Sabarmati with my companions for this scaside hamlet of Dandi, I was not certain in my mind that we would be allowed to reach this place. Even while was at Sabarmati there was arumour that I might be arrested. I had thought that the Government might perhaps let ny party come as far as Dandi, but not me certainly. If someone says that this betrays imperfect faith on my part, I shall not deny the charge. That I have reached here is in no small measure due to the power of peace and non-violence that power is universally felt. The Government may, if it wishes, congratulate itself on acting as it has done, for it could have arrested every one of us In saying that it did not have the courage to arrest this army of peace, we praise it. It felt ashamed to arrest such an army. He is a civilised man who feels ashamed to do anything which his neighbours would disapprove. The Government deserves to be congratulated on not arresting us, even if it desisted only from fear of world opinion. Tomorrow we shall break the salt tax law. Whether the Government will tolerate that is a different question. It may not tolerate it, but it deserves congratulations on the patience and forbearance it has displayed in regard to this party What if I and all the eminent leaders in Gujarat and in the rest of the country are arrested ? This movement is based on the faith that when a whole nation is roused and on the march no leader is necessary (CWMG) vol 49 Collected works of Mabalma Gandhi. Why did Gandhiji started the Dandi March? |
| Answer» SOLUTION :GANDHIJI started the DANDI to break the salt LAW | |
| 868. |
"Domingo Paes and Abdur Razzaq were highly impressed with the fortification of Vijaynagar Empire."Justify the statment |
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Answer» Solution :Domingo Paes and Abdur Razzaq were highly impressed with the fordification of Vijaynagar empire as is evident from their descriptions of the fortifications. According to Abdur, the important feature of the Vijaynagar fortification was its incorporation of the agriculrural tracts prepared to face the sieges and its consequences. A second LINE of fortification went around the inner corc of the urban complex and a third line surrounded the royal centre, within which each set of major building was surrounded by its own high walls. The FORT was ENTERED through well-guarded gates leacing to the major roads. Gateways defined architectural FEATURES. The arch on thc gateway leading into the fortified sett ement as well as the dome over the gate is regarded introduced by the Turkish Sultans. typical features of the architecture. Pacs observed that from the outer wall of fort till the palace there were lots of fields of rice and there wagood irrigation system where water came from two lakes. |
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| 869. |
Read the following passage carefully and answer the questions that follow: The Child Sati This is perhaps one of the most poiguant descriptions by Bernier: At Lahore I saw a most bcautiful young widow sacrificed, who could not, I think, have been more than twelve years of age. The poor little creature appeared more dead than alive when she approached the dreadful pit : the agony of her mind cannot be de cribed, she trembled and wept biterly, but three or four of the Brahmans, assisted by an old woman who held her under the arm, forrced the unwilling victim toward the fatal spot, seated her on the wood, tied her hands and feet, lest she should run away, and in that situation the innocent creature was burnt alive. I found it difficult to repress my feelings and to prevent their bursting forth into clamorous and unavailing rage... Describe the feelings of Bernier that he has expressed in the passage |
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Answer» Solution : (i) It wasa TERRIBLE scene dhat moved Bernicr's feelings. (ii) It was an INHUMAN system in which a innocent young widow was being butnt alive. (III) BERNIER found it difficult to repress his feelings. |
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| 870. |
Describe the responsible factors that led to decline of Buddhism. |
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Answer» Solution :The responsible factors that LED to the decline of Buddhism were as follows : (i) The moral degeneration of the monks and nuns. (ii) Persecution of Buddhists by some Brahmin RULERS like Pushyamitra Sangha, Sakas and Satavahana rulers , they preferred Hinduism. (iii) Turkish invasion monasteries which had STORED the WEALTH ATTRACTED the greed of invaders. (iv) Brahmin scholars tried to reform their own religion . |
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| 871. |
Read the following passage carefully and answer the questions that follow: The Child Sati This is perhaps one of the most poiguant descriptions by Bernier: At Lahore I saw a most bcautiful young widow sacrificed, who could not, I think, have been more than twelve years of age. The poor little creature appeared more dead than alive when she approached the dreadful pit : the agony of her mind cannot be de cribed, she trembled and wept biterly, but three or four of the Brahmans, assisted by an old woman who held her under the arm, forrced the unwilling victim toward the fatal spot, seated her on the wood, tied her hands and feet, lest she should run away, and in that situation the innocent creature was burnt alive. I found it difficult to repress my feelings and to prevent their bursting forth into clamorous and unavailing rage... How has Bernier described the practice of sati ? |
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Answer» Solution : (i) A beautiful young widow, not more than 12 YEARS of age, was being sacrificed. (ii) The poot little creature APPEARED more dead than alive when she approached the dreadful pit. (iii) The young widow was TREMBLING and weeping bitterly and was being held by 3 or 4 Brahmanas assisted by an old woman. They forced her towards the fatal spot and made her SEATED on the wood. Her hands and feet were tied. She was burnt alive in the horrible situations. |
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| 872. |
Describe in brief the condition of women in Vijayanagara empire. |
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Answer» Solution :(i) Women were respected in Vijayanagara empire and they whole-heartedly took part in administrative and SOCIAL spheres. (ii) Inspite of this, some social evils like polygamy, CHILD marriage, prostitution, ETC. were also PREVALENT in the society of Vijayanagara empire. |
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| 873. |
Read the following passage carefully and answer the questions that follow: The Child Sati This is perhaps one of the most poiguant descriptions by Bernier: At Lahore I saw a most bcautiful young widow sacrificed, who could not, I think, have been more than twelve years of age. The poor little creature appeared more dead than alive when she approached the dreadful pit : the agony of her mind cannot be de cribed, she trembled and wept biterly, but three or four of the Brahmans, assisted by an old woman who held her under the arm, forrced the unwilling victim toward the fatal spot, seated her on the wood, tied her hands and feet, lest she should run away, and in that situation the innocent creature was burnt alive. I found it difficult to repress my feelings and to prevent their bursting forth into clamorous and unavailing rage... Explain how Bernier has highlighted the treatment of women as a cruciad marker of difference between Western and Eastern societies. |
| Answer» SOLUTION : In the western societies, SATI system was not prevaleh Howevel, this system was in vogut in the castern societies TILL 20 century. | |
| 874. |
Readthe following passage and answer the question that follow :Irrigating trees and fieldsThis is an excerpt from the Babur Name thatdescribes the irrigation devices that emperor observed in northern India :The greater part of Hindustan county is situated on leave land. Many tough itstownsand cultivated lands are, it nowhere has running waters . . . For . . . water is not at all a necessity in cultivating crops and orchards. Autumn crops grow by the downpour of the rainsthemselves , and strange it isthatspring cropsgrow even when no rains fall. (However) to young trees wateris made to flow by means of buckets or wheels . . . In Lahore, Dipalpur (both inpresent - day Pakistan) and those other parts, people water by means of a wheel .They make two circles of rope long enough to suit the depths of the well, fix strips of wood between them,and on these fasten pitchers. The ropes with the wood and attached pitchersare put over the wheel-well.Atone end of the wheel-axle a second wheel is fixed , and close to it another on an upright axle. The last wheel the bullock turns,itsteeth catch in the teethof the second (wheel), and thus the wheel with the pitchers is turned. A trough is set wherethe water empties from the pitchers and from this the water is conveyedevery where. In Agra, Chandwar, Bayana (all in present-day Uttar Pradesh) andthoseparts again, peoplewater with a bucket . . . At the well-edgethey set up afork of wood, having a roller adjusted between the forks, tie a rope to a large bucket, put the rope over a roller and tie its otherend to thebullock. Oneperson must drive the bullock, another emptythe bucket.(i) What was the major criterion for selecting crops for sowing ?(ii)Mention device used forlifting water from the wells. Which was the most suitedto irrigate big field ?(iii)List differences between irrigation devicesobserved by Babur and thoseused in Vijayanagara. |
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Answer» Solution :(i) The major criterion for selecting crops for sowing was availabilty of rain-water and irrigation facilities in a particular region. (ii)(a)Themost simple method was to draw water with ROPE and bucketby hand without any mechanical aid (b)ANOTHER method was rope-pulley which used with addition of employment of a PAIR ofoxen. (c)The third was use of wheel for lifting water from well, form a garland of posts with three wheels, a real mechanism and animalpower (PERSIAN wheel device) It was most suited to irrigate large FIELDS as it ensured regular supply of large amountof water . (iii)Babesobserved use of wells with different modes of lifting water in NorthernIndia. In Vijayanagara.lakes, tanks, reservoirsembank-ments on rivers andcanals system was the prevalent method used for irrigation. |
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| 875. |
Harappan crafrts display an amazing degree of standardization.According to Kenoyer, what was the possible reason for such an achievement? |
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Answer» AVAILABILITY of raw material at local level |
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| 876. |
Statement I : The city of Rome revived in a spectacular way in the 15th century. Statement II : From the 15th century onwards, artists were known individually by name, not as member of a group or a guild, in Roman society. |
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Answer» Both the statements are individually true and STATEMENT II is the correct explanation of statement I. |
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| 877. |
Did Al-Biruni consider caste system unique to India? |
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Answer» Solution :(i) ALBiruni did not consider caste system UNIQUE to India. (II) He mentioned caste system by LOOKING for parallels in other societies. |
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| 878. |
What were the reasons for the popularity of Buddhism? |
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Answer» Solution :Buddhism become popular because– (i) Buddhism was a simple religion . People did not find it.s teachings difficult to follow. On other HAND Hinduism was difficult to follow. Many new rituals and ceremonies were added to it, Thus, the people began to prefer Buddhism over Hinduism. (II) Buddha preached his message in the local language of the people which was easy to understand. (iii) Buddhism did not believe in elaborate ceremonies into which Hinduism had sunk. These ceremonies were very complicated and costly . All these ceremonies led to superstitions and made men turn to other religions for solace. (iv) Many kings had adopted Buddhism and set PERSONAL examples for the SUBJECTS to follow the religion. (v) The Buddhist monks also played a valuable role in making popularise the Buddhism. |
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| 879. |
Who among the following used hte term Industrial Revolution for the first time in English to describe the changes that occured in the British industrial developement bteween 1760 and 1820? |
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Answer» Friedrich Engels |
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| 880. |
Examine the impact of 'Limitarion Lawn' passed by the Briis in 1859 |
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Answer» Solution : In 1859, the Britishes PASSED the Law pauifs of Limitation, STARTING that the loan bonds SIGNED between the MONEY lenders and he ryots would have validity for three years only. Effects of the law were: (i) The money lenders manipulated and FORCED the ryots to sign a new bond every three years. (ii) Moneylenders refused to give receipts when loans were repaid, ctered ficitirous figures in bonds, acquired the peasants' harvest at low prices, moneylenders ultimately took over peasants property. |
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| 881. |
How was Mahatma Gandhi perceived by the peasants? |
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Answer» Solution :(i)India is a country of villagers and vast number of Indians are engaged in farming. Mahatma Gandhi knew that during freedom STRUGGLE his focus was to address the issues of farmers. He dressed like farmers. His involvement in Indian politics began in Champaran when he successfully RESOLVED the issues of farmers. (ii) He stood for farmers against excesses of the British government like high taxes and oppressive tax collections. (iii) Apart from all the above, mystery also surrounded the personality of Mahatma Gandhi. Many believed he was ENDOWED with supernatural powers. Stories spread that those who spoke ill of Mahatma Gandhi suffered NATURAL CALAMITIES. (iv) Thus, farmers perceived Mahatma Gandhi as their saviour and still many believed he was bestowed with the power to perform miracles. |
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| 882. |
Read the passage given below and answer the questions that follow: Nobles at court The Jesuit priest Father antonio Monserrate, resident at the court of Akba, noticed: In order to prevent the great nobles becoming insolent throuh the unchallenged enjoyment of power, the king summons them to court and gives them imperious commandes, as though they were. his slaves. The obedience to these commands ill suits their exalted rank and dignity. (i) What do you know about Father Antonio Monserrate ? |
| Answer» SOLUTION :(i) He was a Jesuit PRIEST who was a RESIDENT at the COURT of Akbar. | |
| 883. |
Under what pretext. Did British divide Bengal?What was its consequence? |
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Answer» Solution :(i)At the time of Partition. Bengal was the biggest province of British India and Bihar and part of Odisha. (II) The British argued for dividing Bengal for reason of administrative convenience. But it was baseless argument. In fact the partition of the Bengal was closly TIED to the interest of British officials and businessmen. (III)The British also wanted to curtail the influence of Bengal politicians and split the Bengali people. It was done therefore, instead of removing the non-Bengali areas from the provinces. (iv) They separated East Bengal and merged it with Assam. Consequences (i) Partition ENRAGED people all over the country. (ii) Both moderates and radicals in the Congress opposed this action of the government. (iii) Public meetings and demontration BEGAN to be organised. Novelmethods of mass protest were developed. |
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| 884. |
Discuss therole of irrigation and technology in agricultural production . |
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Answer» Solution :AGRICULTURE was carried in the same pattern as in the ancienttimes. Little chage in the method of cultivation and agricultural implements. (i) Monsoon was considered as the backbone of Indian agricultureas it being even today. Agriculturewas labourintensive . Peasants used technology which harnessedthe cattlepower. (ii)The WOODEN plough thatwas light and could easily be assembled, with an iron or coulterwasused. (iii) The iron TIP of plough hadthe profit of not making deep furrowshelped retain moistureof the soil during summer months. (iv)The drill by a pair of giant oxen was used to plant seeds but broadcasting of seed was the most PREVALENT pattern. (v)Hoeing and WEEDING was done by hand using narrow iron bladewitha small wooden handle. (vi)Well water was used for irrigation, Itwas extracted through useof wheel and bullock power. .Babar name. described at length the system used for irrigation of crops practisedi north-India. (vii) In Akbar.s rule irrigation projects were assisted by state. The state took in digging of new canals (nahar,nala) and repaired, maintainedold once as Shahnahr in Punjab during Shah Jahan reign (viii)Inspite of extensive expansion in agriculture and introduction ofnew crops,by and large increase in ago production was slow . |
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| 885. |
What were the main features of the Government of India Act of 1935? Mention its effects. |
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Answer» Solution :(i) The Government of India Act was promulgated on 2nd August 1935. (ii) The Act was envisaged as an All India Federation consisting of BRITISH Indian States and PRINCELY states. (iii) A bicameral legislature consisting of Legislative Assembly and Council of States was set up. (iv) Only 14% of the total POPULATION in British India was given the right to vote. (v) The Indian Princes were given dispropor tionately high representation in the two Houses at the centre and used to control and check nationalist elements. (vi) Defence and foreign affairs remained outside its control while Governor General retained special control over the different SUBJECTS. (vii) The Act introduced provincial autonomy in the province. But the Governors were given special veto powers. (viii) The provisions regarding formation of federation was NEVER implemented. The new Act was introduced only in the provinces. |
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| 886. |
What was Stridhana? |
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Answer» Solution :(i) .Stridhana. STANDS for woman.s wealth. (ii) Women were not ALLOWED to claim any share in paternal PROPERTY but retained gifts which they received on the OCCASION of their marriage as .Stridhana.. This could be inherited by their children but HUSBAND cannot claim it. |
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| 887. |
Who were Amara-Nayakas in Vijayanagara empire ? Mention any two works done by them. |
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Answer» Solution :The military commanders of the RAYAS of VIJAYANAGARA were known as Amara Nayakas. They performed the following works : (i) They kept control over the forests and were given territories to govern by the RULERS. (II) They were entitled the right to collect land revenue and other taxes. They had to pay TRIBUTES to the Rayas once in a year. |
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| 888. |
Women were not limited to the private spaces of their homes in the 17th century. Mention any two reasons. |
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Answer» Solution :(i) WOMEN took PART in AGRICULTURAL and non-agricultural productions. (ii) Women of merchant FAMILIES participated in BUSINESS activities. |
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| 889. |
How could men and women acquire wealth? |
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Answer» Solution :Men: According to Manusmriti there are seven means for acquiring wealthinheritance, FINDING, purchase, conquest, INVESTMENT, work and acceptance of gifts from good people. Women: There are six means of acquiring wealth—what was given in front of the fire (marriage) or the bridal procession, or as a token of AFFECTION, and what she got from her brother, mother or father. She could also acquire wealth through any subsequent GIFT and whatever her "affectionate" husband might give her. |
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| 890. |
What were the ideals expressed in the Objectives Resolution ? |
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Answer» Solution : (a) Jawahar Lal Nehru presented the Objectives Resolution in the Constituent Assemblyon 13 December, 1946. It GAVE a brief account of the ideals and objectives of the Constitution, (b) (i) India was declared an independent sovereign republic. (ii) Justice, equality and fraternity were assured to all the citizens of India. (iii) Adequate safeguards were provided to minorities. It also referred to the well-being of the backward and depressed classes. (iv) It was made an objective that India would combine the liberal ideas of DEMOCRACY with the socialist IDEA of economic justice. (v) India would adopt that form of government which would be acceptable to its people. No IMPOSITION from the BRITISH would be acceptable by the people of India. |
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| 891. |
Why-kinfolk quarreled This is an excerpt from the Adi Parvan (literally, the first section) of the Sanskrit Mahabharata, describing why conficts arose amongst the Kauravasand Pandavas The Kauravas were the ... sons of Dhritarashtra, and the Pandavas cousins. Since Dhritarashtra was blind, his younger brother Pandu ascended the throne of Hastinapura, .. However, after the premanire death of Pandu, Dhritarashtra became king, as the royal princes were were their the citizens of Hastinapura began to express their preference for the Pandavas, for they were more capable and virtuous than the Kauravas. This made Duryodhana, the cldest of the Kauravas, jealous He approached his father and said, "You yourself did not receive the throne, because of your defect. If the Pandava reccives thepatrimony from Pandu, his son will surely inherit it in rurn, and so will his son, and his. We ourselves with our sons shall be excluded from the royal succession and become of slight regard in the eyes of the world, lord of the earth !" Why did the citizens of Hastinapur their preference for the express Pandavas? |
| Answer» Solution :PEOPLE of Hastinapur expressed PREFERENCE for Pindavas because Pandavas were deemed to be capable and virtuous than Kauravas by the people. Also, people THOUGHT Pandavas were RIGHTFUL heir of the THRONE after Pandu's death | |
| 892. |
Why-kinfolk quarreled This is an excerpt from the Adi Parvan (literally, the first section) of the Sanskrit Mahabharata, describing why conficts arose amongst the Kauravasand Pandavas The Kauravas were the ... sons of Dhritarashtra, and the Pandavas cousins. Since Dhritarashtra was blind, his younger brother Pandu ascended the throne of Hastinapura, .. However, after the premanire death of Pandu, Dhritarashtra became king, as the royal princes were were their the citizens of Hastinapura began to express their preference for the Pandavas, for they were more capable and virtuous than the Kauravas. This made Duryodhana, the cldest of the Kauravas, jealous He approached his father and said, "You yourself did not receive the throne, because of your defect. If the Pandava reccives thepatrimony from Pandu, his son will surely inherit it in rurn, and so will his son, and his. We ourselves with our sons shall be excluded from the royal succession and become of slight regard in the eyes of the world, lord of the earth !" Explain about the worries of Duryodhana that he expressed to his father. |
| Answer» Solution :.Duryodhana Hastinapur were as rightful KINGS. He was concerned that in such case, sons of Pandaas and then their-sons will INHERIT the throne of Hastinapur and the KAURAVAS will be forgotten by the world and there will be less respect was worried that people of showing preference for Pandavas for them. | |
| 893. |
Why-kinfolk quarreled This is an excerpt from the Adi Parvan (literally, the first section) of the Sanskrit Mahabharata, describing why conficts arose amongst the Kauravasand Pandavas The Kauravas were the ... sons of Dhritarashtra, and the Pandavas cousins. Since Dhritarashtra was blind, his younger brother Pandu ascended the throne of Hastinapura, .. However, after the premanire death of Pandu, Dhritarashtra became king, as the royal princes were were their the citizens of Hastinapura began to express their preference for the Pandavas, for they were more capable and virtuous than the Kauravas. This made Duryodhana, the cldest of the Kauravas, jealous He approached his father and said, "You yourself did not receive the throne, because of your defect. If the Pandava reccives thepatrimony from Pandu, his son will surely inherit it in rurn, and so will his son, and his. We ourselves with our sons shall be excluded from the royal succession and become of slight regard in the eyes of the world, lord of the earth !" Mention the criteria for becoming king as suggested in the excerpt. |
| Answer» Solution :The EXCERPT suggested that the criteria for beco ning the KING was mostly hereditary and patril NEAL that is, the son would INHERIT the throne from his father and then his son would inherit from him and so on. | |
| 894. |
Give any two features of Harappan writing. |
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Answer» Solution :(i) Not alphabetical, MANY signs between 375 to 400. (ii) The script is WRITTEN from RIGHT to left. |
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| 895. |
Why did the imperial power of Vijaynagar decline after the death of Krishnadeva Raya? |
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Answer» Solution :Vijaynager declined after the death of Krishnadeva Raya (i) After Krishnadeva Raya's death in 1529 his successors were troubled by rebellious nayakas or military chiefs (ii) By 1542 control at the centre SHIFTED to the Aravidu lineage. (III) The military ambitions resulted in shifting alignments. (iv) This led to an alliance of the Sultanates against Vijaynager. (v) In 1565 Rama Raya, the chief MINISTER of Vijaynagar, led the atmy into the BATTLE at Rakshasi- Tangadi (Talikota), where he was defeated by Bijapur, Ahmednagar and Golconda. (vi) The victorious armies sacked the city of Vijaynagar. The city was totally abandoned within a few YEARS. |
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| 896. |
"The Mahabharata is a story of changing relationship". Discuss. How did it strengthen the ideal of patriliny? |
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Answer» Solution :(i) Mahabharata is the story of changing relations of human beings. It depicts the clash for land as well as supremacy between the Pandavas and KAURAVAS. They belonged to .Kuru. CLAN. (ii) Their conflict resulted in WAR in which many innocent people were killed. The Pandavas defeated Kauravas in this war, therefore the announcement was made about PATRILINY inheritance. (iii) The ideal of patriliny was in vogue even before the age of the composition of Mahabharata. (iv) Mahabharata strengthened the idea of patriliny which states that the elder son after the death of his FATHER, could claim his right over his father.s resources. |
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| 897. |
How did Indianisation of persian took place? or How did Urdu language come into its existence? |
| Answer» Solution :(i) Indianisation of Persian took PLACE when LOCAL IDIOMS were absorbed in Persian. (ii) As a RESULT Urdu LANGUAGE came into existence with the interaction of Persian with Hindavi. | |
| 898. |
The rulers of Vijayanagara developed new traditions in temple." Elaborate. |
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Answer» Solution :The distincitve physical location of Vijayanagara Empize has helped requirement of water in the FOLLOWING way The striking feature about the location of Vijaynagar is the natural basin formed by river Tungabhadra which flows in north casternly direction. A number of streams flow down to the river from the granite hills that seem to form a girdle around the CITY. Embankments were built along these streams to create reservoirs of varying sizes. ELABORATE arrangements had to be made to store RAIN water and conduct it to the eity as Vijaynagar is one of the most arid zones of the peninsula. The most important tank was built in the early years of the 15th C was known as innovated the Virupaksha to meet the Kamalapuram tank, water from this tank was used for irrigating the fields as well as conducted through a channel to the Royal Centre. Anothet most prominent waterwork to be SEEN apng the ruins is the Hiriya Canal. This canal drew water from a dam across the Tungabhadra and irrigated the cultivated valley that separated the "sacred centre from the urban core". This was built by the kings of the Sangama dynasty |
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| 899. |
Explain the views of the Bernier about more complex social reality in the Mughal empire. OR Examine how Bernier's description occasionally hints at a more complex social reality. OR What was the more complex social reality which Bernier noticed in the Mughal Empire? |
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Answer» Solution :(i) Bernier in his description expresses Mughal enmpire as tyrannical and also INDICATES towards a more complex social reality. For example he has given a detailed account of the working of IMPERIAL Karkhanas. (ii) Here number of artisans were employed. They had to work under the supervision of their MASTER. The main artisans were embroiderers, goldsmiths, painters, carpenters, turners and shoe-makers. Besides there were manufacturers of silk, brocade and fine muslins. (iii) Artisans were engaged in the Karkhanas throughout the day, but did pay any ATTENTION towards enhancing the quality of the goods, they manufactured. (iv) It was due to that their was appropriated by the state. It gave a severe blow to the production. (V) No one was bornto bring any improvement in the condition of life in which he happened to be born. |
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| 900. |
Describe the impact of Buddhism onIndian society . |
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Answer» Solution :(i) Caste system began to decline. People CAME closer to each other. (ii) The moral of the people RAISED . (iii) People began to adopt the principal of non-violence . As a result peace established in the society. (iv) Eating habits of the people improved . After adopting Buddhism, they turned VEGETARIAN. (v) Buddhism played a significant role in the state-policy decision making . Influenced by Buddhism , Ashoka gave up war and DEVOTED his life for the public welfare. |
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