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InterviewSolution
This section includes InterviewSolutions, each offering curated multiple-choice questions to sharpen your knowledge and support exam preparation. Choose a topic below to get started.
| 1001. |
Read the given sources and answer the questions which follow: Charkha Mahatma Gandhi was profoundly critical of the modern age in which machines enslaved humans and displaced labour. He saw the charkha as a symbol of a human society that would not glorify machines and technology. The spinning wheel, moreover, could provide the poor with supplementary income and make them self-reliant. What I object to, is the craze for machinery as such. The craze is for what they call labour-saving machinery. Men go on "saving labour", till thousands are without work and thrown on the open streets to die of starvation. I want to save time and labour, not for a fraction of mankind, but for all, I want the concentration of wealth, not in the hands of few, but in the hands of all. YOUNG INDIA, 13 NOVEMBER 1924 Khaddar does not seek to destroy all machinery but it does regulate its use and check its weedy growth. It uses machinery for the service of the poorest in their own cottages. The wheel is itself an exquisite piece of machinery. YOUNG INDIA, 17 MARCH 1927In opinion of Gandhiji, what is the relationship between Khaddar and machinery? |
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Answer» SOLUTION :According to his POINT of view: (a) KHADDAR does not destroy any MACHINERY. (b) It regulates the USE of machinery and checks the wild growth of machines. |
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| 1002. |
Why was G.B. Pant against the demand for separate electorates for the minorities? |
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Answer» Solution :(i) G.B. Pant regarded the demand, suicidal. He argued that would permanently isolate, SEGREGATE the minorities, from the rest of the community. (ii) They would make them VULNERABLE and DEPRIVE them of any effective say within the government. (iii) As minorities would never be able to convert themselves into a majority. (iv) The feeling of frustration would cripple them from the very BEGINNING. |
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| 1003. |
Read the passage given below and answer the questions that follow:Escaping to the CountrysideThis is how the famous poet Mirza Ghalib described what the people of Delhi did when the British forces occupied the city in 1857: Smiting the enemy and driving him before them, the victors (i.e., the British) overran the city in all directions. All whom they found in the street they cut down ... For two to three days every road in the city, from the Kashmiri Gate to Chandni Chowk, was a battlefield. Three gates - the Ajmeri, the Turcoman and the Delhi - were still held by the rebels ... At the naked spectacle of this vengeful wrath and malevolent hatred the colour fled from men's faces, and a vast concourse of men and women ... took to precipitate flight through these three gates. Seeking the little villages and shrines outside the city, they drew breath to wait until such time as might favour their return. Who was Mirza Ghalib? |
| Answer» SOLUTION :MIRZA GHALIB was a FAMOUS POET | |
| 1004. |
How do the principles of Jainism infuence Indian thinking? |
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Answer» Solution : Influence of Jainism on Indian thinking: Jainism is an ancient religion and it has its own philosophy which has been influencing Indian THOUGHT. the spirit is also real. It has a theory of karma which Explains the interaction berween soul and nature. It also preaches AHIMSA (non violence) and aparigraha (non-storage). It has also influenced the Shaiva and Vaishnava cults. Jainism preaches intellectual to lerance and has a practical appreciation of all living Jainism has never BELIEVED in miracles and has RIED to give practical solutions. In the sphere of arts and culture also, the Jains have contributed a lot. The Jaan authors wrote their books in Ardhamagadhi and were instrumental in popularizing local languages Jains also spread vegetarianism. Jainism thinks that the world is real, and were instrumental in popularizing local languages. Jains also spread vegetarianism. |
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| 1005. |
Read the passage given below and answer the questions that follow:Escaping to the CountrysideThis is how the famous poet Mirza Ghalib described what the people of Delhi did when the British forces occupied the city in 1857: Smiting the enemy and driving him before them, the victors (i.e., the British) overran the city in all directions. All whom they found in the street they cut down ... For two to three days every road in the city, from the Kashmiri Gate to Chandni Chowk, was a battlefield. Three gates - the Ajmeri, the Turcoman and the Delhi - were still held by the rebels ... At the naked spectacle of this vengeful wrath and malevolent hatred the colour fled from men's faces, and a vast concourse of men and women ... took to precipitate flight through these three gates. Seeking the little villages and shrines outside the city, they drew breath to wait until such time as might favour their return. What was the condition of the people of Delhi? |
| Answer» Solution :(a) The colour fled from men.s faces and vast concourse of men and women participated in the fight through these gates. (b) SEEKING the little villages and SHRINES OUTSIDE the city they drew breath to wait until such TIME MIGHT favour their return. | |
| 1006. |
Why is sixth century BCE often regarded as a major turning point in early Indian history? Give reasons. |
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Answer» Solution :The SIXTH century BCE is OFTEN regarded as turning point in early Indianhistory. The reasons are as follows: (i) It is an age related with emergency of early Buddhist and Jaina texts among otherthingsmentioned in 16 Mahajanapadas such as Kosala, Magadha, Kuru, Avanti etc. (ii) It was maked by second urbanisation, a RAPID increase in NUMBER of settlements accompanied by growth of cities and towns. (iii) The main importance of the period was the expansion of economy and agriculture becoming base of economic prosperity, aided by the use of iron-trippedplough share and skills of rice transplantation. (iv) The period witnesses expanding trsde, diversity of craft production and use of metallic money . As it was highlighted by a more economically and social differentiation. This was in terms like .Gahapati.and .dasa. |
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| 1007. |
Read the passage given below and answer the questions that follow:Escaping to the CountrysideThis is how the famous poet Mirza Ghalib described what the people of Delhi did when the British forces occupied the city in 1857: Smiting the enemy and driving him before them, the victors (i.e., the British) overran the city in all directions. All whom they found in the street they cut down ... For two to three days every road in the city, from the Kashmiri Gate to Chandni Chowk, was a battlefield. Three gates - the Ajmeri, the Turcoman and the Delhi - were still held by the rebels ... At the naked spectacle of this vengeful wrath and malevolent hatred the colour fled from men's faces, and a vast concourse of men and women ... took to precipitate flight through these three gates. Seeking the little villages and shrines outside the city, they drew breath to wait until such time as might favour their return. What happened in Delhi in 1857 and Why? |
| Answer» Solution :(a) After the REVOLT of 1857 Delhi was to be seized by the REBELS. (b) It was RECOVERED by BRITISH army soon. | |
| 1008. |
Which one among the following cities was the best producer of silk cloth under Gupta reign? |
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Answer» Pataliputra |
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| 1009. |
Read the passage given below and answer the questions that follow:Escaping to the CountrysideThis is how the famous poet Mirza Ghalib described what the people of Delhi did when the British forces occupied the city in 1857: Smiting the enemy and driving him before them, the victors (i.e., the British) overran the city in all directions. All whom they found in the street they cut down ... For two to three days every road in the city, from the Kashmiri Gate to Chandni Chowk, was a battlefield. Three gates - the Ajmeri, the Turcoman and the Delhi - were still held by the rebels ... At the naked spectacle of this vengeful wrath and malevolent hatred the colour fled from men's faces, and a vast concourse of men and women ... took to precipitate flight through these three gates. Seeking the little villages and shrines outside the city, they drew breath to wait until such time as might favour their return. (iii) Which three gates were under therebels, while British army was occupying Delhi? |
| Answer» Solution :There were three gates under the REBELS -The Ajmeri, The TURCOMAN and The DELHI GATE. | |
| 1010. |
Name two sects of Buddhism . Write any one difference between them. |
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Answer» SOLUTION :(i) The two SECTS of BUDDHISM are Mahayana and Hinayana . (II) The Himalaya was the traditional from of Buddhism, whereas Mahayana was the modern from of it. (iii) Literally , Mahayana means the GREAT vehicle, whereas Hinayana means the lesser Vehicle . |
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| 1011. |
"Islam and its principles permeated far and wide through the sub-continernt." Explain the statenent. |
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Answer» SOLUTION : ISLAM and its principles were permeated FAT and wide turough the subcontinent due to the following: (i) Islam said that there is one God, Allah and Prophet MOHAMMAD its messenger. (ii) Offering the prayers five times a day (Namaz/Salat) (iii) Giving alms (Zakat). (iv) Fasting durng the MONTH of Ramzan. (v) Pettorming the pilgnmage to Mecca (Haj). |
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| 1012. |
Why were hill stations important for colonial economy? Give two reasons. |
| Answer» Solution : Hill stations were important because: (i) They can GROW PLANTATION CROPS like tea and COFFEE. (ii) They provide many opportunities for migrant job seekers. | |
| 1013. |
Give the names of proponents for a strong centre. |
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Answer» SOLUTION : (i) B.R. AMBEDKAR (II) Gopalaswami Ayyangar (ii) Balakrishna SHARMA. |
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| 1014. |
Analyse the provisions of the Cabinet Mission of 1946. |
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Answer» Solution :(i) The Cabinet Mission RECOMMENDED a weak three-tier confederation. However, India wasto remain united. (ii) A weak central government was proposed It COULD control only foreign affairs, defence and communications. The then provincial assemblies were grouped into three sections to elect the CONSTITUENT Assembly. Sections A was for the Hindu majonty provinces and Sections B and C were for the Muslim majotity proyinces of the north-westand the north-east. (iii) In the beginning, all the major parties accepted the provisions of the Cabinet Mission. However, the agreement was short lived. It was based on mutually opposed explanations of the plan. (iv) The Muslim League wanted the grouping to be compulsory with the right to sccede fromn the UNION in the future. On the cther hand, the Congress wanted that provinces be EXTENDED the right to join group. As a result of these contradictions neither the Congress nor the League accepted the Cabinet Mission's provisions. |
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| 1015. |
Howdid the zamindars derive their power during the Mughal period ? |
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Answer» SOLUTION :(i) Zamindar could often collect revenue on behalf of thestate,a SERVICE for which they were compensatedfinancially. (ii)Military resources was yet another source of power. Most ZAMINDARS had fortresses, armed contingents, cavalry UNITS, artillery and INFANTRY. |
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| 1016. |
Discuss in brief the attitude of the Muslim League towards the Congress-led ministries. |
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Answer» Solution :Attitudes of the MUSLIM League towards the Congress led ministers: (i) In the elections that were under the Provision of Act of 1935, the Congress secured a majority in seven out of ELEVEN provinces and formed coalition governments in two provinces, (ii) The Muslim League could form governments in the Provinces of Punjab and BENGAL only with the help of the Unionist PARTY in Punjab and Krishak Party in Bengal. (iii) The Muslim League tried to hamper the FUNCTIONING of the Congress ministries and went on criticising their function. (iv) Muslim League dubbed the Congress rule as Hindu rule and denounced the Congress as a fascist party. |
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| 1017. |
Explain the growth of Puranic Hinduism in the form of Vaishnavism and Shaivism ? How were they visualised ? |
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Answer» Solution :Puranic Hinduism emphasised on the worship of a chosen deity in the form of Vaishnavism and Shaivism. (A) (i) Vaishnavisim included a form of Hinduism within which Vishnu was worshiped as the main deity . (ii) The cults developed around the various avatars of the deity - ten Avatars were recognised within tradition. (iii) These were forms that the deity was BELIEVED to have assumed in order to SAVE the world whenever it was threatened by disorder and destruction DUE to the dominance of evil forces . (iv) Recognizing each of these local deities as form of Vishnu was one way of creating a more of Vishnu was one way of creating a more unified religious tradition . (B) (i) Shaivism was a tradition within which Shiva was regarded as the chief God. (ii) Shiva was SYMBOLISED by the lingo, although he was occasionally represented in human form . (iii) In these form of traditions of worshipping the chosen deity . (iv) The bond between the devotee and the God was visualised as one of love and devotion. |
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| 1018. |
Examine the repressive measures the British to subdue the rebels of 1857. adopted by |
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Answer» Solution :Repressive measures ADOPTED by the British to subdue the rebels of 1857. (i) Before sending out troops to reconquer north India the British passed a series of Laws to them quell the insurgency (ii) By a number of ACTS, the whole of north India help was put under Martial LAW. (iii) MILITARY officers and even ordinary Britons weregivan the power to try and punish Indians suspected of rebellion. (iv) Ordinary processes of Law and trial were suspended and it was put out that rebellion would have only one punishment-death. (v) Reinforcements were brought British MOUNTED a two-pronged attack. One force moved from Calcutta and another from Punjab to in reconquer Delhi. (vi) In the Gangetic plains the forces had to village by village. reconquer the area, (vii) The British other than using military power, also tried to break up the unity between the landholders and peasants. (viii) Rebel Landholders were dispossessed andloyal rewarded. Many Landholders died fighting the British or they escaped into Nepal. |
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| 1019. |
Why is Partition viewed as an extremely significant marker in South Asian history? |
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Answer» Solution :The following reasons can be put forward for the given VIEW. (i) The partitions of India had a unique nature. This partition was based on religions. The partition took place in the name of the communities . History has never witness such TYPE of partition. (ii) The partition marked was by severe violence. Innumerable people were killed. People begain to kill each other irrespective of their earlier RELATION. (iii) Earlier , people lived with each other in harmony and peace but now started to kill each other. Goverment machinery failed to check this. (iv)People faced a lot of problems. Their life became miserable. Their NEAR and dear ones were killed. Many people were ABDUCTED. (v)People moved across the border . Most of the Muslims of India crossed over to Pakistan and almost all Hindus and Sikhs came to India from Pakistan.They were forced to start their life afresh. (vi) People lost all their movable and immovable property all of a sudden. They became homeless and forced to live in refuge camps. |
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| 1020. |
On an outline map of the world, mark approximately the countries Italy, Portugal, Iran and Russia. Trace the routes the travellers from foreign countries like Italy and Portugal would have taken to reach Vijayanagara. |
Answer» Solution : Following routes was taken to reach Vijayanagara from Italy and Portugal : The travellers crossed the Red sea, Arabian Sea, and then they took LAND ROUTE to reach south India. From the ATLANTIC Ocean traversing western coast of Africa touching the Cape of good hope and them Indian Ocean to reach Malabar of India. From here they took land route to reach Vijayanagara. The Italian travellers crossed the Arabian Sea and them Indian Ocean and through Malabar coast they reached Vijayanagara. From Iran via Afghanistan and Pakistan they would have taken land route upto Karanataka India. RUSSIANS came to India via Afghanistan. They crossed modern Punjab in Pakistan, central India crossing Vindhyachal, Satpura to karnataka. ( Attempt this QUESTION yourself on the world map ). |
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| 1021. |
Name the four large territorial empires in Asia which managed to consolidate theirpowers and resources during 16th and 17thcenturies . |
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Answer» Solution :The territorial EMPIRES were (a)Mughal Empire in INDIA (B)Safavid Empire of IRAN (c) Ming Empire in China (d)OttomanEmpire in Turkey. |
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| 1022. |
How have histori ans provided new insight into the subsistence strategies of the Harappan culture? |
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Answer» Solution :(i) The Harappans consumed a wide range of plant and animal products, including fish. (ii) The ARCHACOLOGISTS have teconstructed dietnry habits from FINDS of charred grains and seeds. These dietary practices have been extensrvely studied by aichaco botanists (iii) Wheat, barley, LENTIL, chickpea, millets have been found from various Harappan sites. (iv) Animal bones of CATTLE, sheep, goat, BUFFALO and pig have bcen found. Various studies done by archaco-zoologists indicate that all these animals were domesticated. |
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| 1023. |
Who prepared the first survey map of Hampi and when ? With whose help it was prepared ? |
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Answer» Solution :(i) Colin MACKENZIE prepared the first SURVEY MAP of Hampi in `1800`. (II) It was prepared with the helps of the priests of Virupaksha temples and PAMPADEVI Shrine. |
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| 1024. |
Which villages came to constitute the city of Calcutta? |
| Answer» Solution :(i) Calcutta DEVELOPED from THREE VILLAGES. (ii) They were - (a) SUTANATI, (b) KOLKATA, (c) Govindpur. | |
| 1025. |
How were the village artisans compensated by the villagers for their services ? Write about any one . |
| Answer» Solution :They were COMPENSATED by the villagers bygiving them one PART of their produces. Sometimes they were alsogiven onepiece of wastelance KEPT with them | |
| 1026. |
Describe the position of women in Vijayanagara empire. |
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Answer» Solution :(i) The women were respected in the Vijayanagara society. They received high education and MADE a TREMENDOUS PROGRESS in the field of literature. (ii) They have LEARNT the art of handling sword, dancing, WRESTLING and music and also took an active part in the administration. (iii) In spite of this, some malpractices were also prevalent in the society. (iv) Social evils such as polygamy, child marriage, giving and taking of dowry, etc. were in vogue. |
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| 1027. |
Explain the agricultural practices followed by the cultivators to increase productivity from c. 600 BCE to 600 CE. |
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Answer» Solution :The agriculture practies followed by cultivators to increaes productivity from c. 600 BCE to 600 CE. (i) The shift to plough agriculture was one strategy spread in fertile ALLUVIAL river valleys-i.e. Gange Valley and KaveriValley from c. Sixth centaury BCE. (ii) The use of iron tipped ploughshare turned the alluvial soil in areas, which had highrainfall. (iii) Trnsplanation- this strategy was used for paddy cultivation in area where water was plentiful. (iv) Broadcasting of seeds- Broadcastingof seeds strategy was used in paddy cultivation. (v) Transplantation of saplings was used in waterlogged fields. This ensured a higher ratio of survival of saplings and higheryields (vi) Use of hoe agriculture- In semi-arid parts of the COUNTRY such as Punjab, Rajasthan hilly tracts in the north eastern and central parts of the sub continent practiced hoe agriculture. (vii) Use of irrigation strategies through wells, tanks and canals. (viii) Communities as well as individuals organized the construction of irrigation works to increase production. (ix) Land grants- a type of strategies adopted by ruling LINEAGES to extend agriculture to new areas Above strategies led to an increase in production but there was a growing differentation amongst people engaged in agriculture such as emergence of Gahapati (RICH peasants). (Assess as a whole /OPEN ended answer. Candidate.s expresssion should be given due weight age). (any eight points to be explained/ examined) |
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| 1028. |
The problems of archaeological interpretations are perhaps most evident in the attempts to reconstruct religious practices of Harappan. Explain. |
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Answer» Solution :ARCHAEOLOGISTS found many OBJECTS, that may have had a religious significance. (i) These included terracotta figurines of women heavily jewelled, with elaborate head DRESSES and Harappan people might consider as Mother goddesses. (ii) Identification of priest king is based on ideas from Mesopotamian History. (iii) In excavation, found a seal, depict a male God, had horns on his head, shown seated cross LEGGED in a yogic posture and some times covered all around by animals may be considered as Pashupati. (iv) many seals with picture or conical stones have been considered Linga. (v) Examining seals, ONE god between the branches of .peepal. tree which explains that people of Harappan culture were used to worship the nature. |
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| 1029. |
Read the following excerpt carefully and answer the questions that follow: Why the Salt Satyagraha ? Why was salt the symbol of protest? This is what Mahatma gandhi wrote : The volume of information being gained daily shows how wickedly the salt tax has been designed. In order to ptevent the use of salt that has not paid the tax which is at times even fourteen times its destroys the salt it cannot sell profitably. Thus, it taxes the nation's vital necessity, it prevents the public from manufacturing it and destroys what nature manufactures without effort. No adjective is strong enough for characterising this wicked dog in the manger policy. From various sources I hear tales of such wanton destruction of the nation's property in all parts of India. Maunds if not tons of salt are said to be destroyed on the Konkan coast. The same tale Comes from Dandi. Wherever, there is liketitrood of natural salt being taken away by the people living in the neighbourhood of such areas for their personal use, salto cers are posted for the sole purpose of carrying on destruction. Thus valuable national property is destroyed-at-netional-expense and salt taken-out-of the mouths of the people. The salt monopoly is thus a fourfold curse. It deprives the pecople of a valuable easy village industry, involves wanton destruction of property that nature produces in abundance, the destruction itself means more national expenditure, and fourthly to crown this folly, an unheard of tax of more than 1,000 per cent is exacted from a starving people. This tax has remained so long because of the apathy of the general public. Now, that it is sufficiently roused, the tax has to go. How soon it will be abolished depends upon the strength of the people. The Callected Works of Mahatma Gandbi (CPMG) Explain the significance of Gandhiji's challenge of salt protest. |
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Answer» Solution :SIGNIFICANCE of the Gandhiji's challenge of salt protest includes : (i) The march was widely eovered by the European and American press. This MADE Gandlhiji popular. (ii) Tt was the first NATIONALIST activity in which women participated in large numbers. (III) This salt march made people come together and forced upon the British the realisation that their Raj would not last forever. |
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| 1030. |
"Non-cooperation movement became the name of an epoch in the life of India and of Gandhiji". Explain this statement of American biographer Louis Fisher. |
| Answer» Solution :The main objective of the Noncooperation movement was not to extend any cooperation to the administration thus rendering it completely crippled. Though the movement was not ABLE to achieve its real motive, it had a significant place in the history of Indian NATIONAL Movement. As a result, a new political awakening arose among the common masses. It was through this petitions the congress renounced the policy of petritious and requests, CONFRONTED the government for the first time. As a result, it started gaining popularity among the common masses. The movement taught common masses lessons in fearlessness, self-dependence and swadeshi and thus prepared a solid and STRONG BASE for the national movement. | |
| 1031. |
Read the following excerpt carefully and answer the questions that follow: Why the Salt Satyagraha ? Why was salt the symbol of protest? This is what Mahatma gandhi wrote : The volume of information being gained daily shows how wickedly the salt tax has been designed. In order to ptevent the use of salt that has not paid the tax which is at times even fourteen times its destroys the salt it cannot sell profitably. Thus, it taxes the nation's vital necessity, it prevents the public from manufacturing it and destroys what nature manufactures without effort. No adjective is strong enough for characterising this wicked dog in the manger policy. From various sources I hear tales of such wanton destruction of the nation's property in all parts of India. Maunds if not tons of salt are said to be destroyed on the Konkan coast. The same tale Comes from Dandi. Wherever, there is liketitrood of natural salt being taken away by the people living in the neighbourhood of such areas for their personal use, salto cers are posted for the sole purpose of carrying on destruction. Thus valuable national property is destroyed-at-netional-expense and salt taken-out-of the mouths of the people. The salt monopoly is thus a fourfold curse. It deprives the pecople of a valuable easy village industry, involves wanton destruction of property that nature produces in abundance, the destruction itself means more national expenditure, and fourthly to crown this folly, an unheard of tax of more than 1,000 per cent is exacted from a starving people. This tax has remained so long because of the apathy of the general public. Now, that it is sufficiently roused, the tax has to go. How soon it will be abolished depends upon the strength of the people. The Callected Works of Mahatma Gandbi (CPMG) Why was salt monopoly introduced by the British considered as a curse by the Indians? |
| Answer» Solution : Because it deprived the PEOPLE of a VALUABLE easy village industry, INVOLVED wanton destrucion of property that nature produced in ABUNDANCE, the destruction itself means more national expenditure and more starving of pcople. | |
| 1032. |
How do you think that the chronicles commissioned by the Mughal Emperors are an important source for studying Mughal Emperors are an important source for studing Mughal history ? |
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Answer» Solution :(i) Chronicles commissioned by the Mughal Emperors are an IMPORTANT source to study the empire and its court. They were written in order to projecta vision.of an enlightened kingdam to all those who came under its umbrella. The authors of Mughal chronicles focused on EVENTS related to life of the rulers their FAMILY, the court and the nobles, wars and administrative systems. (ii) These chronicles-were-written-in-Pereian This language flourished as a language of the court and of litcrary writings, alongside North INDIAN languages, uspecially Mughals were Chagtai Turks by origin, Turkish was their mother tongue. (iii) Rulers wanted to ensure that there was anaccount of their rule for posterity. The histories that the authors of Mughal chronicles wrote focused on events centered on the ruler, his family, the courts and nobles, wars and administrative arrangements. (vi) Akbar Nama, ShahjahanNama, Alamgir Nama suggest that in the eyes of their authors the history of the empire and the court was SYNONYMOUS with that of the emperor. |
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| 1033. |
Read the source given below and answer the question which follow : Colin Mackenzie Born in 1754, Colin Mackenzie became famous as an engineer, surveyor and cartographer. In 1815 he was appointed the first Surveyor General of India, a post he held till his death in 1821. He embarked on collecting local histories and surveying historic sites in order to better understand India's past and make governance of the colony easier. He says that " it struggled long under the miseries of bad managerment.... before the south came under the benign influence of the British government ". By studying Vijayanagara, Mackenzie believed that the East India Company could gain " much useful information on many of these institutions, laws and customs whose influence still prevails among the various Tribes of Natives forming the general mass of the population to this day ". (i) Who was Colin Mackenzie ? Why was he famous ? (ii) How did he collect information about Hampi ? (iii) How did it enable the scholars to study about Hampi ? |
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Answer» Solution :(i) Colin Mackenzie was a famous engineer, surveyor and CARTOGRAPHER, who was APPOINTED as the FIRST Surveyor General of India in `1815`. (ii) He collected information about Hampi from the priest of VIRUPAKSHA temple. (iii) The careful study and observation of these sources GAVE a new direction to scholars. |
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| 1034. |
Read the following excerpt carefully and answer the questions that follow: Why the Salt Satyagraha ? Why was salt the symbol of protest? This is what Mahatma gandhi wrote : The volume of information being gained daily shows how wickedly the salt tax has been designed. In order to ptevent the use of salt that has not paid the tax which is at times even fourteen times its destroys the salt it cannot sell profitably. Thus, it taxes the nation's vital necessity, it prevents the public from manufacturing it and destroys what nature manufactures without effort. No adjective is strong enough for characterising this wicked dog in the manger policy. From various sources I hear tales of such wanton destruction of the nation's property in all parts of India. Maunds if not tons of salt are said to be destroyed on the Konkan coast. The same tale Comes from Dandi. Wherever, there is liketitrood of natural salt being taken away by the people living in the neighbourhood of such areas for their personal use, salto cers are posted for the sole purpose of carrying on destruction. Thus valuable national property is destroyed-at-netional-expense and salt taken-out-of the mouths of the people. The salt monopoly is thus a fourfold curse. It deprives the pecople of a valuable easy village industry, involves wanton destruction of property that nature produces in abundance, the destruction itself means more national expenditure, and fourthly to crown this folly, an unheard of tax of more than 1,000 per cent is exacted from a starving people. This tax has remained so long because of the apathy of the general public. Now, that it is sufficiently roused, the tax has to go. How soon it will be abolished depends upon the strength of the people. The Callected Works of Mahatma Gandbi (CPMG) How did Gandhiji illustrate his tactical wisdom with regard to salt monopoly |
| Answer» Solution :Gandhiji announced that he WOULD lead a MARCH to break one of the most widely disliked laws in British INDIA, which gave the state a monopoly in the manufacture and sale of salt. For in EVERY Indian houschold, salt was indispensable, yet people were forl iden from making salt even for domestic use, compelling them to buy it from shops at a high price. To make it target, Gandhiji hoped to mobilise a wider discontent aganst British rule. | |
| 1035. |
What are the sources of knowledge about the Harappan civilisation? |
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Answer» Solution :We get valuable information about the HARAPPAN culture/civilisation with the help of different sources. They are as follow: (i) About 2000 SEALS are found and of these a great majority carry short inspirations with pictures of the one-horned bull, the buffalo, the tiger and the elephant (art of curving). (ii) Different type of buildings, roads, street, bath, etc. excavated at HARAPPA, Mohenjodaro and other sites spark a light on Harappan culture/civilisation. (III) The ruins give an idea of city dwelling with good planning and other civic sense clearly. (iv) Different specimens of art such as sculpture (a red sandstone male TORSO). The art of pottery (consisted of wheel-made wares, heavy and utilitarian), etc. |
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| 1036. |
What evidences have been put forward to explain the collapse of the Harappan Civilization? |
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Answer» Solution :(i) After 1900 BCE there were disappearance the distinctive ARTEFACTS of the civilization weights, seals, special beads, etc. (ii) Writing, long distance trade and craft specialization also disappeared. (iii) House construction teehniques deteriorated. (iv) Large public STRUCTURES were no longer produced. (v) Artefacts and settlements indicated a rural LIFE called as Late Harappan and SUCCESSIVE Culture. (vi) Disappearanece of the seals, the script, distinctive beads and pottery |
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| 1037. |
Who was Al-Biruni? What light h¡s he thrown on India of the 11th century? OR Who was Al-Biruni? Which information his book of travel provides us ? |
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Answer» Solution :(i)Muhammad Ibn Ahmad Abu Raihan Al Biruni was born on 4 Sept 973 at Khwarizm in Uzbekistan. He was well versed in many languages like Arabic, Persian, Hebrew, Sanskrit and Syriac. (ii) In book of travel kitab-ul-hind, Biruni throws a light about Indian culture, cities, ETC. Kitab-ul-Hind which was completed in 1031, was also known by the names of Tarikhul-Hind and Tahqiq-ma-lil-Hind. (i) In his description he wrote caste system was prevailing in Indian society. Society was divided into four castes namely Brahmans, Kshatriyas, Vaishyas and Shudras. (iv) Another caste was also PREVALENT in the society at that time. It was called antyaja. The Antyaja were considered as outside the caste system. It was expected from them to provide inexpensive labour to PEASANTS as well as Zamindar. (v) Hindus at that time also believed in the Varna system. Life was divided into four ashrams, each comprising 25 years. Theseashrams were the Brahmacharya Ashram, the Garhasthya Ashram, the Vanprastha Ashram and the Sanyasa Ashram. (vi) According to him the position of the women in the society was good. He write that India is a vast country, but it was divided into many small states. These states were continuously at war with each other to GAIN supremacy. So there was lack of POLITICAL unity in India. (vii) Indian rulers were lovers of justice. To provide justice they had set up courts atn different levels of the state. (viii) About the economic condition of India he had written that though the foreign trade of India had declined, yet India was economically a prosperous country. |
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| 1038. |
Explain the chief administration of the Mughal Empire has Mughal nobility been considered as an characteristics of provincial Why important pillar of the Mughal state ? Explain |
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Answer» Solution :The chicf characteristics of Provincial administration are as follows: (i) The head of the provincial administration was the governor (subedar) who reported directly to THEEMPEROR (ii) Subas were divided in sarkars and they often overlapped with the jurisdiction of faujdars who were deployed with contingents of heavy cavalry and musketeers in districts. (iii) The local administration was looked after at the level of the pargana by three serni-hereditary officers, the qanungo, the ehaudhuri and the qazi. (iv) Each department of administration maintained a large support staff of clerks, accountants, auditors, messeagers, and other functionarics who were technically qualified officials, functioning accordance with standardised rules and procedures, a generating copious written orders and RECORDS. (v) Persian was made the language of administration THROUGHOUT, but local languages wete used for VILLAGE accounts. In order to organize his military personnel, Akbar devised a system of ranks, ot mansabs, based on the "decimal" system of army organisation used by the estly Delhi sultans and the Mongols. Although they fel under the jurisdiction of the Mirbakhshi, each oweddirect subordination to the emperor. The nobles parucipated in military campaigns with their armies and also served as officers of the empire in the provinces. Each military commander recruited, Cquipped and uained the main striking arm of the Mughal army, the cavalry. The troopers maintained superior horses branded on the flank by the imperial mark. The empcror personally reviewed changes in rank, tutdes and official postings for all except the lowest-ranked officers. Akhar, who designed the mansab system, also established spiritual relationships with a select band of his nobility by treating them as his disciples. Thus, under Akbar, for members of the nobility, mperial service was a way of acquiring power, wealth and the HIGHEST possible reputation. |
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| 1039. |
How did the constitutent assembly of India protect the powers of the central government? Explain. |
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Answer» Solution :The respective rights of the central government and the states was one of the most vigorously debated topics in the constituent assembly. (i) Method adopted by the constituent assembly to ensure a strong centre were by clearly specifying legislative power of each, providing for three lists of subjects and a complex system of fiscal federalism. (ii) The draft constitution provided for three list of subjects : Union, states and concurrent. The Union list has 97 subjects of material importance like foreign affairs, atomic energy, banking, etc. The subjects in the union list can only be legislated upon by the central government. (iii) The state list consists of 66 subjects like police, agriculture, local, government etc. The state government can pass laws on the subjects mentioned in the state list. In CERTAIN circumstances the centre can also pass laws on subject of the state list. (iv) The concurrent list consist of 47 subjects like education, economic PLANNING -which came under the preview of both. But in case of conflict the union law will prevail. (V) Subjects not under any of these list are known asresiduary powers and under the control of the centre. The union also has control over minerals and key industries. (vi) Besides, ARTICLE 356 gave the centre powers to take over a state administration on the recommendation of the governor. (vii) The constitution also divided financial powers between the centre and states. (VIII) Certain taxes e.g. custom duties and company taxes were to be retained by centre. Proceeds from taxes like income tax and excise duties are shared with the states and in still other cases for example, estate duties is assigned wholly to the states. |
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| 1040. |
Explain the events that led to the communal politics and Partition of India. |
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Answer» Solution :The differences between the communal political parties were creating a divide that later on became difficult to bridge. Not only this, the British government began playing one party against the other to WEAKEN the national movement and prolong their stay in India. (i) Right from the beginning, the British followed the policy of divide and rule. Before the coming of the British, the Hindus and the Muslims lived happily in India. There was unity, mutual cooperation and brotherhood among them. (ii) To weaken the National Movement, the government actively encouraged the Muslim League to follow their communal demands. In fact, they got some Muslim leaders to form the League in 1905, after the Partition of Bengal. Also the League's proposal for a coalition government in the united provinces was rejected by the Congress after the rovincial election of 1937. (iii) The role of the political leaders was also responsible for the partition of India. Prominent among them was Jinnah, who lead the Muslim League and passed the Lahorc Resolution demandinga measure of autonomy for the Muslim majority areas that gave birth to a new nation called Pakistan. (iv) During the 1920s and early 1930s tension grew around a number of issues. Muslims were angered by 'music-before-mosque', by the cow protection movement formation of the Hindu Mahasabha in 1915 and by the efforts of the Arya Samaj to BRING back to the Hindu fold (shuddhi) those who had recently converted to Islam. (v) Hindus werengered by the rapid spread of rabligh (propaganda) and tanzim (organisation) after 1923. (vi) Post War Developments During 1945 the British agreed to create an entirely Indian Central Executive Council except for the Viceroy and the Commander-in-Chief of the armed FORCES, as a preliminary step towards full independence. Discussions about the TRANSFER of power broke down due to Jinnah's unrelenting demand that the League had an absolute tight to choose all the Muslim members oif the Executive Council and that there should be a kind of communal veto in the Council. (vii) Failure of the Cabinet Mission (March 1946) was SHORT lived as the Muslim League wanted the grouping to be compulsory, with scetions B and C developing into strong entities with the right secede from the Union in the future. (viii) Direct Action Day: After withdrawing its support to the Cabinet Mission plan, the Muslim League decided on 'Direct Action' for winningits demand for Pakistan. It announced on 16 August 1946 as Direet Action Bay Orthis day, riors broke out in Calcutta, lasting several days and leaving several thousand people dead By March 1947 violence spread to many parts of Northern India. (ix) Withdrawal of law and order from 1946 to 1947: There was a complete breakdown oif authority in the city of Amritsar. British officials did not know how to handle this situation they were unwilling to take decisions, and hesitant to intervene. When panic-stricken people appealed for help, British officials asked them to contact Mahatma Gandhi, Jawaharlal Nehru, Valiabh Bhai Patel or M. A. Jinnah. Nobody knew who could exercise authority and power. The top leadership of the Indian parties, barringahatma Gandhi, were involved in negotiations regarding independence while many Indian civil servants in the affected provinces feared for their own lives and property. The British were busy preparing to quit India. Compounded Problems Problems compounded because Indian soldiers and policemen came to act as Hindus, Muslims or Sihks. As communal tension mounted, the professional commitment of those in uniform could not be replied upon. In many places not only did policemen help their co-religionists but they also attacked members of other communities. |
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| 1041. |
Read the passage given below and answer the questions that follow: "Without a shot being fired" This is what Moon wrote: For over twenty-four hours riotous mobs were allowed to rage through this great commercial city unchallenged and unchecked. The finest bazaars were burnt to the grond without a shot being fired to disperse the incendiaries (i.e. those who stirred up conflict). The..... District Magistrate marched his (large police) force into the city and marched it out again without making any effective use of it at all Give reasons, why Amritsar became the scene of bloodshed in 1947? |
| Answer» Solution :Amritsar became the SCENE of bloodshed in 1947. because the British OFFICIAL did not act to STOP the violent activities. The DISTRICT administration had no CONTROL over the city. | |
| 1042. |
On the given political outline map of India, mark and nar ne the following: (a) Golconda (b) Vijayanagar (c) Mysore (d) Quilon (e) Tirunelveli |
Answer» SOLUTION :
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| 1043. |
Read the passage given below and answer the questions that follow: "Without a shot being fired" This is what Moon wrote: For over twenty-four hours riotous mobs were allowed to rage through this great commercial city unchallenged and unchecked. The finest bazaars were burnt to the grond without a shot being fired to disperse the incendiaries (i.e. those who stirred up conflict). The..... District Magistrate marched his (large police) force into the city and marched it out again without making any effective use of it at all Which events does this excerpt refer to? What were the mobs doing? |
| Answer» Solution :The EXCERPT REFERS to the events that occurred at the TIME of PARTITION. The mob were engaged in looting the market and trading centres. | |
| 1044. |
The accessible emperor In the account of his experiences Monserrate, who was a member of the first jesuit mission, says: It is hard to exaggerate how accessible he (Akbar) makes himself to all who wish audience of him. For he creates an opportunity almost every day for any of the common people or of the nobles to see him and to converse with him, and he endeavours to show himself pleasant-spoken and affiable rather than severe towards all who come to peak with him. It is very remarkable how great an effect this countesy and affability has in attaching him to the minds of his subjects.(iii) How did Akbar treat those who come to meet him? |
| Answer» Solution :(iii) AKBAR was soft spoken and available for all those who came to MEET him. His courtesy and AFFABILITY had a deep impact on the mind of his subject. | |
| 1045. |
Read the passage given below and answer the questions that follow: "Without a shot being fired" This is what Moon wrote: For over twenty-four hours riotous mobs were allowed to rage through this great commercial city unchallenged and unchecked. The finest bazaars were burnt to the grond without a shot being fired to disperse the incendiaries (i.e. those who stirred up conflict). The..... District Magistrate marched his (large police) force into the city and marched it out again without making any effective use of it at all How did Gandhiji try to bring about communal harmony? Give one example. |
| Answer» SOLUTION :He APPEALED to both the communities to maintain TRUST on each other and tried to ESTABLISH peace. | |
| 1046. |
The accessible emperor In the account of his experiences Monserrate, who was a member of the first jesuit mission, says: It is hard to exaggerate how accessible he (Akbar) makes himself to all who wish audience of him. For he creates an opportunity almost every day for any of the common people or of the nobles to see him and to converse with him, and he endeavours to show himself pleasant-spoken and affiable rather than severe towards all who come to peak with him. It is very remarkable how great an effect this countesy and affability has in attaching him to the minds of his subjects.(ii) What was the role of jesuit Mission on 6th century India ? |
| Answer» Solution :(II) The role of his MISSION was the PART of a trade process and EMPIRE building. | |
| 1047. |
Who were Zat and Sawar? |
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Answer» Solution :(i) ZAT and Sawar were the ranks AWARDED to the MUGHAL OFFICIALS. (ii) Zat represents the POSITION in the imperial hierarchy and salary of the officials. (iii) While the sawar represents the number of horseman which he required to maintain. |
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| 1048. |
Mahanavami Dibba of Vijaynagara was the centre of elaborate rituals'. Explain the statement with suitable examples |
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Answer» Solution :(i) Mahanavami Dibba is a platform with a base of 11,000 sq. ft. and a height of 40 ft. It supports a wooden structure. The base of the platform is covered with relief carvings. (ii) Rituals associated with Mahanavami Dibba probably COINCIDED with the festival of Mahanavami, also known as Dussehra, Durga Puja and Navaratri. (ii) The Vijayanagra kings displayed their prestige, POWER and suzerainty. (iv) The ceremonies performed on the occasion INCLUDED worship of the image, worship of the STATE horse, and the sacrifice of buffalocs and other animals. (v)Dances, wrestling matches, and processions of richly decked horses, elephants and chariots and soldiers, as well as ritual presentations by the nayakas before the king and his guests. (vi) On the last DAY of the festival, the king inspected his army as well as the nayakas of the army. He also accepted gift from the nayakas |
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| 1049. |
Whichof the followingclans areincluded inthe AgnikulaRajputs ? 1. Pratiharas2.Chaulukyas 3. Paramaras4. Chahamanas Selectthe correctanswerfrom thecodegivenbelow : |
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Answer» 1 and 3 only |
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| 1050. |
Socialism refers to |
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Answer» State -controlled economy |
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