InterviewSolution
Saved Bookmarks
InterviewSolution
This section includes InterviewSolutions, each offering curated multiple-choice questions to sharpen your knowledge and support exam preparation. Choose a topic below to get started.
| 1051. |
What were similarities and contrasts between experiences of Partition in Punjab and Bengal? |
|
Answer» Solution :(a) Similarities (i) In both states , women and girls became Prime targets of persecution. (ii) Attackers treated women.s bodies as territory to be conquered. (III) Dishonouring women of community was seen as dishonouring the community itself and a mode of taking refenge. (b) Dissimilarities: (i) As carnages occurred in Calcutta and Noakhali in 1946, Partition was most bloodyand destructive in the Punjab. (ii) Unlike Punjab, in Bengal the division produced a process of suffering. The MIGRATION was moreprotracted as the people moved across a porous border. (iii)Bengali MUSLIMS rejected Jinnah.s two -NATION theory by breaking away from Pakistan and creating Bangladesh in 1971 -72. |
|
| 1052. |
Who is often called as the father of Indian Archaeology? What did he note about the plight of Harappa? |
|
Answer» Solution :(i) Alexander Cunningham, the first DIRECTOR General of ASI is often CALLED the father of Indian Archaeology. (ii) He noted that the AMOUNT of brick TAKEN from the ancient site was enough to lay bricks for about 100 miles of railway line between Lahore and Multan. |
|
| 1053. |
What type of sources have been used to reconstruct the history of Mauryan Empire? Explain briefly. |
|
Answer» Solution :SOURCES to reconstruct the Mauryan empire are as follow: (i) Variety of sources have been used by the historians to reconstruct the history of Mauryan Empire. These are archaeological finds, especially scupturs ACCOUNT ofMegasthenes who was Greek ambassador to the court of Chandragupta Maurya. (ii)Another source which is often used in THEARTHASHASTRA parts of which were probably composed by Kautilya or CHANAKYA, the Minister of Chandragupta. (III) Mudra Rakshash written by Vishakhadutta provide us information how Chandragupta snatched the regin of Nanda dynasty. (iv) The mauryas are also mentioned in later Buddhist, Jaina and puranic litrature aswell as in Sanskrit literary works. The other valuable sources are the inscriptions of Ashoka on rocks and pillars. |
|
| 1054. |
What purpose did the paintings serve in the production of manuscripts? Describe. Or Assess the importance of the painted image in the Mughal manuscripts. |
|
Answer» Solution : Mughal emperors reigns were richly endowed with paintings. It served as follows: (i) Scenes and themes of the book were given visual expression. It enhanced the beauty of the book. Abul Fazl described paintings as a magical art. ACCORDING to him it had the power to make in animate objects look as if they possessed a life. (ii) It is believed that paintings possessed special POWERS to communicate the ideas about the kingdom and the kings. The written MEDIUM could not make so. As Bihzad contributed to spread the cultural fame of Safavid court. (iii) Many artists won the patronage, prestige and rewards. Mir Sayyid Ali and Abdus Samad accompanied emperor Humayun to Delhi as they were well known artists, many others MIGRATED in search of opportunities. (iv) Abul Fazl cited the emperor as saying, the artists has a unique way of recognising god when he must come to feel that he cannot BESTOW life on his work. |
|
| 1055. |
The rules of the Brahmanical texts were not universally followed in ancient time. Justify giving evidences. |
|
Answer» Solution :Brahmanical texts were not universally followed in ancient times. (i) Women were expected to give up the gotra of the father after marriage. HOWEVER the women married Satavahana rulers continued to have names DERIVED from other gotra. They did not adopt husband.s gotra. (ii) According to the Shastras, only Kshatriyas could become rulers. But there were many ruling families that claims to be Brahmanas or Vaishyas. (iii) There were POPULATION whose practises were not influenced by Brahmanical ideas such as Nishadas, nomadic pastrolists. (iv) There were instance of multiple occupations of the same caste such as SILK weavers of Mandasor. (v) INSTANCES of Chandalas not accepting the life of degradation prescribed in the Shastras. (vi) Generally marriage took place within the caste. (vii) Sometimes marriage took place outside the caste such as Bhima and Hidimba. (viii) Women were not allowed to share the property of their father. Exceptions are there such as Prabhavati Gupta. |
|
| 1056. |
"The acceptance of the demand for the Partitions of the country was an act of appeasement "Examine the statement . |
|
Answer» Solution :(i) The Indian nationalists accepted partition not only as there were two nations in INDIA as stated by the Muslim League but because of the historical development of communalism. (ii) If communal riots had been confined to one SECTION of the country they could have been curbed and CONGRESS could have taken a strong stand. But the riots were spread everywhere.Then the country was ruled by British and they did little to prevent riots. (iii) The policies and tactics of the Muslim League was concerned only with their own INTERESTS and India.s future would not be safe with them. (iv) It was noticed that the riots could be curbed once the British quit India. But the British encouraged the riots with their divisive tactics and policies. (v)It was clear that Muslim League would not allow Hindu and Muslims to live in peace until they got their own state. Delay in the creation of Pakistan would simply delay the attainment of independence. (vi) p The view of historians that as Congress did not succumb to the two-nation theory , their attempts to conciliate or oppose Muslim communalism as the backlash. (vii) Between 1937 and 1939 the Congress leaders met Jinnah to conciliate him. The more communalism was conciliated the more exrremist it became leading eventually to the partition of the India. |
|
| 1057. |
Why did Congress vote for dividing Punjab into two halves?Explain |
|
Answer» Solution :(i)The Congress was for a united India. It was in MARCH 1947 that the Congress accepted the necessary evil and voted for partitions. (ii) Direct Action Day brought the country to the brink of a civil war. It had resulted in large SCALE bloodshed and killings. Communal carnage became a more important subject than partition. (iii) The interim government had made them realise that cooperation was not possible with the Muslim League. It was because of the policy of obstruction on the part of the Muslim League leaders. (iv) The obstinate attitude of the Muslim League was also vividly exhibited in the formation of the CONSTITUENT assembly. (v)The negotiation was started by the British as they were in hurry to transfer power Congress feared freedom might slip from their fingers as it seemed almost within their grasp. (vi)Mountbatten also impressed upon the Indian leaders that it was better option to build a strong India by GIVING away a part to Muslims. (vii)The Indian Independance Act. 1947,provided for partition of India and the formation of two separate DOMINIONS, India and Pakistan. |
|
| 1058. |
"Our knowledge about Harappan civilisation is poorer than that of the other civilisations". Explain by your arguments. |
|
Answer» Solution :The knowledge about the HARAPPAN civilisation is POORER than that of the other DUE to FOLLOWING reasons: (i) The script of that age has hitherto not been DECIPHERED. (ii) To know about other civilisation as - Egypt, Mesopotamia, China, etc. was the deciphering of their scripts. We can gather knowledge about the art, literature, customsdresses, function and religion, etc. (iii) Materials like - cloth, leather, wood, etc. decomposed. |
|
| 1059. |
How were Buddhist text prepared and preserved ? |
|
Answer» Solution :(i)The Buddha used to DELIVER the teaching through debate and discussion . Men , women and CHILDREN attended these discussions and DISCUSSED what they heard or learnt . None of this teachings were written down during his life time. (ii) After the Buddha.s death , his followers called a council of elders at Vaishali. All his teachings were compiled in the council , they were known as Tipitaka, which literally means the three baskets to hold various text. (iii) Texts were transmitted orally and then written, categorised as per their subject matter and length . As Buddhism extended to new lands – Sri Lanka, other texts like Mahavamsa and DIPAVAMSA were written. (IV) Many pilgrims like Fa Xian and Xuan Zang carried the Buddhist texts with them to disseminate the teachings of Buddha. |
|
| 1060. |
Define the stupas . Write the name of two places where stupas have been found . |
|
Answer» Solution :(i) The stupa is made as a simple semicircular mound LIKE structure made of stones or bricks balancing ROUND and SQUARE shapes. (ii) Stupas have been found at SANCHI and Bharhut. |
|
| 1061. |
What are theproblems inusing the Ain-i-Akbari as a source for reconstructing agrarian history ? How do historians deal with this situation ? |
|
Answer» Solution : (a)The Ain-i-Akbari written by Abu.l Fazl in 1598containsinvaluable information for reconstructingthe AGRARIAN history ofthe Mughals. But it has its own limitations. (b)Numerouserrors in TOTALLING have been detected. These are, however, minor and do not detract from the overall quantitative accurancy of themanuals. (c)Anothe limitation is the SKEWED nature of the date. Dte was not COLLECTED uniformly from all provinces. For example. Abu.l Fazl has not fiven any description regarding the caste composition of the zamindars of Bengaland Orissa (ODISHA) (d)The fiscaldata collected from various sourcesis in detail yet some important parameters such as wages and pries have not been incorporated properly. (e)The detailed list of prices and wagesfoundin the Ain - i Akbari havebeen acquired from datapertaining tot he capital Agra and its surrounding regions. It is, therefore, of limited valuefor t he restof the empire. (f)Historians have dealt with the sitorians havedealt withsituation by supplementing the account of the Ain by information got from the provinces.These include detailed 17th-18th centuries revenue records from Gujarat, Rajasthan and Maharashtra. These have also been supplemented by records of the East India Company . |
|
| 1062. |
Mention any four social groups from which the followers of Buddha came. |
|
Answer» SOLUTION :Buddha.s followers belonged to MANY social GROUPS , such as (i) KINGS (ii)Wealthymen and . gahapatis. (iii) Humbler folks-slaves and workers (iv) Craftsman |
|
| 1063. |
Analyse the evidence for slavery provided by Ibn Battuta. |
|
Answer» Solution :Ibn Battuta was the most important foreign travellers who came to India, his details throws light on the practice of slavery prevalent in India. (i) When Ibn Battuta reached Sind where he bought horses, camels and SLAVES as gift for Sultan Muhammad bin Tughlaq. (ii) In the same way when he reached Multan he offered to Governor with a horse, raisins, almond and a slave. (iii) Ibn Battuta DESCRIBED that Muhammad bin Tughlaq told himhe honoured Nasiruddin, a preacher with a hundred thousand tankas and two hundred slaves. (iv) Slave labour was used for domestic services especially indispensible for carrying woman and man on palanquins or dola. (V) The cost of slaves, mainly women slaves which were required for domestic labour was very low. Families which could bear, to do so and kept one or two at least. (vi) Ibn Battuta.s accounts provided DIFFERENTIATION among slaves. Some female slaves were in the service of Sultan who were good in music as well as dance, Ibn Battuta himself enjoyed the same. (VII) Most females slaves were captured in vaids and expeditions. Female slaves were engaged by the Sultan as spy on his nobles. The slave gives through female. Scavengers communicated all the information about the nobles. |
|
| 1064. |
What did Fernao Nuniz write about the markets of Vijayanagara ? |
|
Answer» Solution :(i) Fernao Nuniz described that the MARKETS of Vijayanagara overflowed with plenty of different FRUITS-grapes, oranges, limes, pomegranates, jack fruit and mangoes. (ii) All fruits were not expensive. (iii) Meat also sold in plenty in the market PLACES. Nuniz MENTIONED - mutton, pork, venison, partridges, hares, doves and quail. (iv) All kinds of birds LIKE sparrows, rats, cats and lizard were also sold in the market of the Vijayanagara kingdom. |
|
| 1065. |
Which one of the following was the official langage of Gupta period? |
|
Answer» pali |
|
| 1066. |
How did the Buddhism become popular ? |
|
Answer» Solution :Buddhism become popular because– (i) Buddhism was a simple religion. People did not find it.s teachings difficult to follow. On other hand Hinduism was difficult to follow. Many new rituals and CEREMONIES were added to it. Thus, the people began to prefer Buddhism over Hinduism . (ii) BUDDHA preached his message in the local language of the people which was easy to understand. (iii) Buddhism did not believe in elaborate ceremonies into which Hinduism had sunk. These ceremonies were very complicated and costly . All these ceremonies led to superstitions and make men turn to other religions for solace. (iv) Many KINGS had adopted Buddhism and set personal examples for the subjects to follow thereligion. (v) The Buddhist monks also played a VALUABLE role in POPULARISING the Buddhism. |
|
| 1067. |
How debts mounted In a petition to the Deccan Riots Commission a ryot explained how the system of loans worked: A sowkar lends his debtor 100 on bond at 3-2 annas per cent per mensem. The latter agrees to pay the amount within eight days from the passing of the bond. Three years after the stipulated time for repaying the amount, the sowkar takes from his debtor another bond for the principal and interest together at the same rate of interest, and allows him 125 days' time to liquidate the debt. After the lapse of 3 years and 15 days a third bond is passed by the debtor ... (this process is repeated) at end of 12 years .... his interest on 1,000 amounts to 2,028-10 annas-3 paise. For what purpose did ryots get loans from money lenders? |
| Answer» Solution :They needed loans even to buy their everyday NEEDS and meet their production expenditure. Cakivators required loans for extending their average, moving into new areas, and transforming pasture land into cultivated fields. But to expandcultivation peasants needed more ploughts and CATTLE. They needed MONEY to buy seeds and land. For this they had to TURN to the moneylenders for loans, | |
| 1068. |
How debts mounted In a petition to the Deccan Riots Commission a ryot explained how the system of loans worked: A sowkar lends his debtor 100 on bond at 3-2 annas per cent per mensem. The latter agrees to pay the amount within eight days from the passing of the bond. Three years after the stipulated time for repaying the amount, the sowkar takes from his debtor another bond for the principal and interest together at the same rate of interest, and allows him 125 days' time to liquidate the debt. After the lapse of 3 years and 15 days a third bond is passed by the debtor ... (this process is repeated) at end of 12 years .... his interest on 1,000 amounts to 2,028-10 annas-3 paise. How do you think that the way of borrowing money by the ryots brought misery to them? |
| Answer» Solution :Over TIME, the ryots and peasants came to associate the misery of their lives with the NEW regime of bonds and deeds. They were made to sign and put thumb impressions on documents, but they did not know what they were actually signing. They had no idea of the clauses that MONEYLENDERS inserted in the bonds. They feared the written word. But they had no choice because to survive they needed LOANS, and moneylenders were UNWILLING to give loans without legal bonds. | |
| 1069. |
In the year 33 of the Maharaja Huvishka, (a Kushana ruler ) , in the first month of the hot season on the hot season, on the eighth day , a Bodhisattva was set up at Madhuvanaka by the bhikkuni Dhanavati , the sister's daughter of the bhikkhuni Buddhamita, who knows the Tipitaka, the female pupil of the bhikkhu Bala, who knows the Tipitake, together with her father and mother . Which Buddhist text did she know ? |
| Answer» SOLUTION :She KNEW the TIPITAKE. | |
| 1070. |
How debts mounted In a petition to the Deccan Riots Commission a ryot explained how the system of loans worked: A sowkar lends his debtor 100 on bond at 3-2 annas per cent per mensem. The latter agrees to pay the amount within eight days from the passing of the bond. Three years after the stipulated time for repaying the amount, the sowkar takes from his debtor another bond for the principal and interest together at the same rate of interest, and allows him 125 days' time to liquidate the debt. After the lapse of 3 years and 15 days a third bond is passed by the debtor ... (this process is repeated) at end of 12 years .... his interest on 1,000 amounts to 2,028-10 annas-3 paise. How did the ryot explain the system of loans? |
| Answer» Solution :The sowkar (sahukar) lends his debtor Rs. 100 on bond at Rs. 3-2 annas PERCENT per mensem. The latter agrees to pay the amount within eight DAYS from the passing of the bond. THREE years after the stipulated time for repaying the amount, the sowkar takes from his debtor another bond for the principal and INTEREST together at the same rate of interest, and allows him a period of 125 days to liquidate the debt.After the lapse of 3 years and 15 days, a third bond is passed by the debtor. This process is repeated at theend of 12 years and his interest on Rs. 1000 amounts to Rs. 2028-10 annas-3 paise | |
| 1071. |
Who amcng the following was a contemporary of GauamBuddha? |
|
Answer» Nagarjuna |
|
| 1072. |
Critically examine the limitations of the inscriptional evidences in understanding political and economic history of India |
|
Answer» Solution : Ephigraphists face limitations of Inscriptional EVIDENCE in the following way: (i) Technical limitations: Sometimes thc letters are very faintly engraved and thus, there isuncertainty of reconstructions, inscriptions may be damaged or letters missing. It is not always easy to be sure about the exact MEANING of the words used in inscriptions, some of which may be specific t parucular place or time. This has lead the scholars constantly debating and discussing alternative ways of reading inscription. (ii) Problem of deciphering: ALTHOUGH several thousand inscriptions have been discovered, not all have been deciphered, PUBLISHED and translated. Besides many more inscriptions must have existed, which have not suryived the ravages of time. Therefore, what is available at present is probably only a fraction of what was inscribed. (iii) Fundamental problem:is not EVERYTHING that we may consider politically or economically significant was necessarily recorded in inscriptions. For example, routine agricultural practices and the joys and sorrows of daily existence find no mention in inscriptions, which focus morc often than not on nental problem grand, unique events. Besides the conrent of inscriptions almost invariably protects the perspective of the persons who commissioned them. Therefore, they need to be juxtaposed with other perspectives so as to arrive at a better understanding of the past. Thus, epigraphy alone does not provide a full understanding of political and cconomic history for which historians often questioned both old and new evidence. |
|
| 1073. |
Name the wealth householder to whom Buddha gava advice in Sutta Pitaka. What was the advice? |
|
Answer» SOLUTION :(i) The wealthy householder wasnamed Sigala who was advised by Buddha in SUTTA Pitaka, The advice was five ways in which a master should LOOK after his servants and employees. (II) (a) By assigning them WORK according to their strength. (b) By supplying them with food and wages. (c) By tendingthem in sickness. |
|
| 1074. |
What is meant by the term'Holocaust'? |
|
Answer» SOLUTION :(i) The term .Holocaust.means destruction or slaughter on a large scale. (II) This TERMS is also used by scholars for loot, ransom,killing during partition of the nation in 1947. |
|
| 1075. |
Critically examine the limitations of the inscriptional evidences in understanding political and economic history of India. |
|
Answer» SOLUTION :(i) Letters are very Faimdy engraved, and thus reconstructions are uncertain. (ii) Inscriptions MAY be damaged or letters missing (iii) It is not always EASY to be sure about the exact meagiog of the WORDS used in inscriptions (iv) Not all inscriptions have been deciphered. (v) Many inscriptions have not been translated or PUBLISHED. |
|
| 1076. |
In the year 33 of the Maharaja Huvishka, (a Kushana ruler ) , in the first month of the hot season on the hot season, on the eighth day , a Bodhisattva was set up at Madhuvanaka by the bhikkuni Dhanavati , the sister's daughter of the bhikkhuni Buddhamita, who knows the Tipitaka, the female pupil of the bhikkhu Bala, who knows the Tipitake, together with her father and mother . Who were the relatives she mentioned ? |
| Answer» Solution :She has MENTIONED her own mother.s SISTER name Buddhamita . The lady was a Bhikkuni. She had ALSO mentioned Bhikkuni BALA and her PARENTS. | |
| 1077. |
Why is it important to understand the framing of the constitution? |
|
Answer» SOLUTION :(i) It helps us to understand the arduous TASK involved. The debates help us understand the many conflicting voices that had to be negotiated, and the many DEMANDS that were articulated. (ii) They tell about the ideals that were invoked and the principles that the MAKERS of the CONSTITUTION operated with. |
|
| 1078. |
In the year 33 of the Maharaja Huvishka, (a Kushana ruler ) , in the first month of the hot season on the hot season, on the eighth day , a Bodhisattva was set up at Madhuvanaka by the bhikkuni Dhanavati , the sister's daughter of the bhikkhuni Buddhamita, who knows the Tipitaka, the female pupil of the bhikkhu Bala, who knows the Tipitake, together with her father and mother . Why do you think she installed an image of the Bodhisattva ? |
| Answer» Solution :I think that she (the BHIKKHUNI Dhanavati installed an IMAGE of the Bodhisattva to SHOW that Mahayana sect of Buddhism Dhanavati installed an image of the Bodhisattva to show that Mahayana sect of Buddhism was becoming POPULAR day day day and Boddhisattas were considered great personalities in Buddhism during the reign of the KUSHANA rulers . | |
| 1079. |
Describe the different arguments given by the archaeologists over the central authority of Harappa. |
|
Answer» Solution : (i) Some archacologists are of the opinion that Harappan society had no rulers and that every body enjoycd cqual status. (ii) Others feel there was no that Mohenjodatro had a separate sules Harappa single ruler but several, another and so forth. (III) Yet others argue that there was a single state, given the similarity in artifacts, the evidence for planned settlement, the standardized ratio of brick size and the establishments near sources of raw MATERIAL. (iv) Of all, the last THEORY seems the most plausible as it is unlikely that entire communities could have collectively made and IMPLEMENTED such COMPLEX decisions. |
|
| 1080. |
Compare the Constitutions of America, France or South Africa with the Indian Constitution, focusing on any two of the following themes: secularism, minority rights, relations between the Centre and the states. Find out how these differences and similarities are linked to the histories of the regions. |
| Answer» SOLUTION :Do it yourself. | |
| 1081. |
In the year 33 of the Maharaja Huvishka, (a Kushana ruler ) , in the first month of the hot season on the hot season, on the eighth day , a Bodhisattva was set up at Madhuvanaka by the bhikkuni Dhanavati , the sister's daughter of the bhikkhuni Buddhamita, who knows the Tipitaka, the female pupil of the bhikkhu Bala, who knows the Tipitake, together with her father and mother . How did Dhanavati date her inscription ? |
| Answer» Solution :Dhanavati dated her inscription that she placed the inscription at MADHUVANAKA in the first MONTH of the hot SEASON on the eighth day inthe year 33 of the Maharaja named Huvishka. | |
| 1082. |
Describe the development of white town in Madras. |
| Answer» SOLUTION :(i) George.s Fort became the centre of white town where most of the Europeans lived. Here the Dutches and European Portuguese were allowed to stay and live. The Fort looked unique and distinctive because of its wall and the BASTION. (ii) The company officials as well as the European WORKERS of the company were not allowed to marry the Indian. (iii) The ADMINISTRATIVE and the judicial system favoured the European, i.e. the white people. (iv) The white town in Madras were developed to provide the comforts to white people. | |
| 1083. |
Write the name of the Chinese pilgrims who visited India in the 5th and 7th centuries. |
|
Answer» Solution :5TH century: Chinese BUDDHIST monk Fa Xian. 7th century: Xuan ZANG both have COMMENTED on the treatment meted out to the UNTOUCHABLES. |
|
| 1084. |
"The message of Guru Nanak Devji was based on divinity." Mention any two aspects of it. |
|
Answer» Solution :Guru Nanak Dev's Divinity: (i) He ADVOCATED nirguna bhakti. (ii) He rejected sacrifices, RITUAL baths, image worship, austerities and the scriptures of both Hindus and MUSLIMS. (iii) For him the Absolute or 'rab' had no gender or form. (iv) He proposed a SIMPLE way to connect to the divine by remembering and repeating the divine name. (V) He expressed his ideas through hymns called Shabad'. |
|
| 1085. |
What were the challenges before the members of Constituent Assembly? |
|
Answer» Solution :The following were the CHALLENGES before the members of the Constituent Assembly: (i) The country was made-up of several different communities who spoke different languages, practised different religions and had DISTINCT cultures. (ii) At the time when constitution was framed the country was going through constitution turmoil. The partition was imminent, some of the princely states remained undecided about their future. (III) The socio-economic CONDITION of the vast mass of the people appeared dismal. (iv) Poverty was another major challenge. (v) The final document reflects their CONCERNS for eradicating poverty through major emphasis on the right of people in choosing their representatives. |
|
| 1086. |
In the year 33 of the Maharaja Huvishka, (a Kushana ruler ) , in the first month of the hot season on the hot season, on the eighth day , a Bodhisattva was set up at Madhuvanaka by the bhikkuni Dhanavati , the sister's daughter of the bhikkhuni Buddhamita, who knows the Tipitaka, the female pupil of the bhikkhu Bala, who knows the Tipitake, together with her father and mother . From whom did she learn this text ? |
| Answer» SOLUTION :She learnt the text from the Bhikkhuni Buddhamita who was the female PUPIL of the BALA. | |
| 1087. |
On the Map of Indian Peninsula, mark and locate the important cities of 14th century. |
Answer» SOLUTION :
|
|
| 1088. |
Explain how you will prove that the text of Mahabharata was a dynamic one. |
|
Answer» Solution :DYNAMIC text- Mahabharata (i) The growth of the Mahabharata did notstop with the Sanskrit VERSION. (ii) Over the centuries, versions of the epic were written in a variety of languages through an ongoing process of dialogue between peoples, communities, and those who wrote the texts. (iii) SEVERAL stories that originated in specific regions or circulated amongst certain people found their way into the epic. (iv) At the same time, the central story of the epic was often retold in different ways. (v) And episodes were depicted in sculpture and painting. They also provided THEMES for a wide range of performing arts-plays, dance and other kinds of NARRATIONS. |
|
| 1089. |
To what extent do you think the visual material presented in the chapter corresponds with Abu'1 Fazl's description of the taswir (Source 1)? |
|
Answer» Solution :(i) Drawing the likeness of anything is called taswir. His Majesty from his earliest youth, has shown a great predilection for this art, and gives it every encouragement, as he looks upon it as a means for both study and amusement. (ii) A very large number of painters SET to work. (iii) Each week, SEVERAL supervisors and clerks of the imperial workshop SUBMIT before the emperor the work done by each artist, and his Majesty gives a reward. (iv) Paintings served not only to enhance the BEAUTY of a book, but were believed to possess special powers of communicating ideas about the kingdom and the power of kings in ways that the written medium could not. (v) The historian Abu.l Fazl described painting as a .magical art.. In his view it had the power to make inanimate objects look as if they possessed life. (vi) His description emphasises on the importance of painting as an art form. It seeks to legitimise this art. (vii) The Tasvir had a clear political, symbolic, syncretic and documentary motive and significance. |
|
| 1090. |
What are the different colonial architectural styles which can be seen in Bombay city? |
|
Answer» Solution :(i) The buildings of Bombay MAY be broadly divided into (a) Neo-Gothic (b) Neo-classicalor new classical (c) Indo Saracenic. (ii) Neo-classical: This style is characterised by the construction of geometric structuresfronted with lofty pillars. It was from typical style of ancient Roman buildings. They were reviewed, readopted and made popular during the EUROPEAN RENAISSANCE. To express the glory of Imperial India, ELPHINSTONE Circle covered arcades at ground level, usedinnovatively to suit Bombay.s climate. (iii) Ino-saracenic: It is specialised by domes, jails, chhatris, arches. It was inspired by the medieval buildings in India. By integrating Indian and European styles in public architecture the British tried to express their LEGITIMACY as rulers of India. |
|
| 1091. |
Why are Buddhist Stupas said to be " stories in stone" ? |
|
Answer» Solution :(i) In the stupa of SANCHI, the sculpture seemed to depict a rural scene with thatched huts and trees, recognised a scene from the Vessantara Jataka. This was a STORY of a kind king. (ii) In another scene in the stupa, the wandering story tellers carrying scrolls of a paper with PICTURES on them and pointed to the pictures as they told a story. So, they are called the same . |
|
| 1092. |
What is the reason for july 4,1776 to be significant in the American history ? |
|
Answer» Abolition of SLAVERY |
|
| 1093. |
What is the importance of constitution? |
|
Answer» Solution :(i) It PROVIDES a framework WITHIN which a GOVERNMENT has to work. (II) It controls the misuse of power by the government. (iii) It safeguards our fundamental rights. |
|
| 1094. |
Who was James Princep? Mention any one of his contributions in the development of Indian epigraphy. |
| Answer» Solution :James Princep was an officer in the mint of the EAST India Company. He deciphered BRAHMI and Kharoshthi scripts used in the EARLIEST INSCRIPTIONS and COINS. | |
| 1095. |
Explain how the demand for Pakistan was formalised gragually. |
|
Answer» Solution :(i)The Congress was for a united India. It was in March 1947 that the Congress accepted the necessary evil and voted for partitions. (ii) Direct Action Day brought the country to the brink of a civil war. It had resulted in large scale BLOODSHED and killings. Communal CARNAGE became a more important subject than partition. (iii) The interim government had made them realise that cooperation was not possible with the Muslim League. It was because of the POLICY of obstruction on the part of the Muslim League leaders. (iv) The obstinate attitude of the Muslim League was also vividly exhibited in the formation of the constituent assembly. (v)The negotiation was started by the British as they were in hurry to transfer power Congress feared freedom might slip from their fingers as it seemed almost WITHIN their grasp. (vi)Mountbatten also impressed upon the Indian leaders that it was better option to build a strong India by GIVING away a part to Muslims. (vii)The Indian Independance Act. 1947,provided for partition of India and the formation of two separate dominions, India and Pakistan. |
|
| 1096. |
Identify the rituals and practices associated with the Mahanavami Dibba, a structure in the Royal Centre of Vijayanagara Empire. |
|
Answer» Solution :(i) The Mahanavami Dibba was the king palace in Vijayanagara though there is no definite evidence. From the available sources, it is assumed that it had very beautiful wooden structure with base of the platform covered with relief carvings. (ii) The Mahanavami Dibba had a very impressive platform known as " the audience hall". It was surrounded by high double walls with a street running between them. (iii) Many rituals were associated with the Mahanavami dibba. Here the Hindu festival Mahanavami or Navaratri were celebrated with a great pomp and show in the months of September-October . This festival continued for `9` days. The rulers of Vijayanagara empire displayed their power, prestige and suzerainty. B. On this occasion, several ceremonies were performed which INCLUDED : (i) Worship of the different gods and goddesses (ii) Worship of the state horse. (iii) The sacrifice of buffaloes and other animals. (iv) The main attraction of this occasion were : (a) Dances (b) Wrestling matches (c ) Processions of horses, elephants, chariots and soldiers.  All these ceremonies were presented before the king and his guests. On the last day of the festival, the king inspected his army as WELL as the nayakas of the army. He also accepted gift from the nayakas. (i) The Virupaksha temple was built in `9th-10th` century, but enlarged with the establishment of Vijayanagara empire. The Vijaranagara ruler Krishnadeva Raya CONSTRUCTED a hall in the front of the temple to mark his accession. (ii) The hall is decorated with beautiful engraving on the pillar. He also get constructed a gopuram in the temple which is `52` m high. B. The hall in the temple was used for a variety of purposes. (i) In this hall the images of gods were placed to witness special programme of music, dance and DRAMA. (ii) It was also used to celebrate the marriage of deities. Swing for deities was also installed in the hall. The Vitthala temple is in Hampi. It was constructed by Krishnadeva Raya in `1513`. Although the construction work was started by Krishnadeva Raya, it also continued after his death. This beautiful temple is dedicated to Vitthala or the Vishnu. (i) This temple is constructed in a compound MEASURING `152` `94` metre and has three beautiful Gopurams. (ii) There are `48` magnificent pillars in Kalyana Mandapa which have been carved out of rocks. (iii) The artistic work on the pillar is very beautiful. (iv) A chariot built in the front of the temple add to beauty of the temple. |
|
| 1097. |
Which of the following was/were the reasons for the defeat of British during the Amercian War of Independence ? |
|
Answer» 1,2 and 4 |
|
| 1098. |
The world beyond the palace Just as the Buddha's teachings were compiled by his followers , the teachings of Mahavira were also recorded by his disciples . These were often in the form of stories , which could appeal to ordinary people . Here is one example , from a Prakrit text know as the Uttaradhyayana Sutta, describing now a queen named Kamalavati tried to persuade her husband to renounce the world : If the whole world and all its treasures were yours , you would not be satisfied , nor would all this be able to save you. When you die, O king and leave all things behind , dhamma alone , and nothing else , will save you . As a bird dislikes the cage, so do I dislike (the world). In shall live as a nun without offspring , without desire, without the love ofgain, and without hatred ... Those who have enjoyed pleasures and renounced them, move about like the wind, and go wherever they please, unchecked like birds in their flight.. Leave your large kingdom ...abandon what pleases the , senses , be without attachment and property , then practice severe penance , being firm of energy ......... Who compiled the teachings of Buddha and Mahavira? |
|
Answer» SOLUTION :(a) Buddha.s teachings were COMPILED by his FOLLOWERS . (b) The teachings of MAHAVIRA were recorded by his disciples . |
|
| 1099. |
Describe the different arguments made in favour of protection of depressed classes in the Constituent Assembly. |
|
Answer» Solution : (i) N. G. Ranga, a socialist leader argued that real minorities were the poor and down trodden. They needed-protection-propa-and-Hadder-through consitutional rights (ii) Some members of depressed castes emphasized that shat problems of "untouchables "could not be resolved through protection and SA feguard alone. Their disabilities were caused by the social norms and moral values of caste society. (iii) Socicty had used their services and labour but kept them at a social distance such as refusing them to enter into temples and mix or dine with them. (iv) J. Nagappa POINTED out that numerically then depressed castes formed between 20 to 25 PERCENT of the total population were not a minority. Their sufferings were due to their systematic marginalization nor their numerical insignificance. They had no access to education, no share in the ADMINISTRATION. (v) Ambedker advocated/recommended the abolition of untouchability. The Constituent Assembly finally recommended that untouchability be abolished, Hindu temples be thrown open to all castes, and seats in LEGISLATURES and jobs in government offices be reserved for the lowest castes |
|
| 1100. |
The world beyond the palace Just as the Buddha's teachings were compiled by his followers , the teachings of Mahavira were also recorded by his disciples . These were often in the form of stories , which could appeal to ordinary people . Here is one example , from a Prakrit text know as the Uttaradhyayana Sutta, describing now a queen named Kamalavati tried to persuade her husband to renounce the world : If the whole world and all its treasures were yours , you would not be satisfied , nor would all this be able to save you. When you die, O king and leave all things behind , dhamma alone , and nothing else , will save you . As a bird dislikes the cage, so do I dislike (the world). In shall live as a nun without offspring , without desire, without the love ofgain, and without hatred ... Those who have enjoyed pleasures and renounced them, move about like the wind, and go wherever they please, unchecked like birds in their flight.. Leave your large kingdom ...abandon what pleases the , senses , be without attachment and property , then practice severe penance , being firm of energy ......... Explain how did the queen try to convince her husband to renounce the world . |
|
Answer» Solution :(a) If the WHOLE world and all its treasures COULD not SATISFY him then all things of this world could not save him. (B) Only Dhamma can save him and she dislikes the world as the BIRD dislikes cage. |
|