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InterviewSolution
This section includes InterviewSolutions, each offering curated multiple-choice questions to sharpen your knowledge and support exam preparation. Choose a topic below to get started.
| 1151. |
What was the Limitation Law? Why was this considered as a symbol of oppression against the ryots of the 19th century? Give three reasons. |
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Answer» Solution :Limitation Law: In 1859, the BRITISH passed a limitation law that stated that the loan bonds signed between the moneylenders and ryots would have validity for only three years. The law was nmeant to stop the interest over time. The moneylender turned law. They made the ryot to sign a NEW bond on the unpaid with its interest. They WROTE figures and finally acquired the land and the property of the ryot and itbecame the symbol of oppression for the ryot. Which resulted in the revolt of the ryot which is known as "Deccan RIOTS." The ryot in large NUMBER attacked the shops and demanded Bahi Khata and the account books were burnt. Sahukars were attacked and debt bonds were burnt down. This spread to an area of 6000 kilometres. The British were frightened because of 1857 memories were still strong. It took several months to bring the situation under control. |
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| 1152. |
Examine the participation of the Taluqdars of Awadh in the Revolt of 1857. |
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Answer» Solution :(i) The TALUQDARS of Awadh, for many generations had conrolled the lands and power in the countryside and had maintained armed retainers, built FORTS and enjoyed a degree of autonomy as long as they accepted the suzerainty of the Nawabs and paid the revenues of their Taluqas but the British were unwilling to tolerate the power of the Taluqdars. After the annexation, the Taluqdars were disarmed and their forts wete destroyed. (ii) The British land revenue policy also HIT the position of Taluqdars. In southern Awadh, the Taluqdars lost more than half of their total villages they previously held. (iii) British revenue flows for the state increased and the burden of demand on the peasants did not decline the increase in the rovenue demandinerensed from 30 to 70 PERCENT. Thus, NEITHER the Talugdars nor the peasants had any reason to be happy with the annexation of Awadh. (iv) In arcas lilke Awadh, where resistance during 1857 was intense and long lasung, taluqdars and thcir peasants had carried out the fighting. |
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| 1153. |
The drainage system in Harappan civilisation indicates town planning" Support the statement with examples. |
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Answer» Solution : The drainage system in Harappan cities indicates town planning because: (i)The ROAD and street were laid out along an approximate grid PATTERN. (II) The streets and drains were laid out first and then houses were built along them. All domestic waste water had to flow into the streets, every house needed to have at least one wall along the street. (iii) Every home was connected to street drains. The main CHANNELS were made of bricks set in mortar and were covered with bricks that could be removed for cleaning. lt,brgt (iv) House drains first empticd into a sump or cesspit into which solid matter settled, while waste watcr flowed into street drains (v) Very long drainage channels were provided at intervals with sumps for cleaning. It is important tonote that drains werefound in smaller SETTLEMENT too, such as Lothal.ReplyForward |
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| 1154. |
Discuss, the ways in which panchayat and village headmen regulate rural society . |
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Answer» Solution :Regulation of rural society by panchayats and headmen: (i) Meaning of panchayat: The village panchayatconsisted of an assembly of elders, theyrepresenteddifferent castesand communities except the menialclass. (ii) General composition and function. : In the mixed village the panchayat wasusually a heterogeneous body . The Panchayat represented different castes and communities inthe village The village panchayat was headed by Muqaddam also known as mandal. Hewas elected withconsensus of htevillage elders and remained in the office tillhe enjoyedtheconfidence of village elders. Functions of Muqadam: (i)The main function of panchayat was to ENSURE thatcasteboundariesamong the various communitiesinhabiting the village were upheld. (ii) It had also the authorityto levy fines and taxes. (iii)It can also the authority the levy finesand taxes. (iv)EachJati in the villagehad its own Jatipanchayat. Jati Panchayat wielded considerable power in thesociety. In Rajasthan, the Jatipanchayats arbitrated civildisputes between members of the different castes. (v)It also MEDIATED in disputes and claims on LAND,decided whethermarriages had beenperformedaccordingto that caste.snorm, etc. In mostcases, the state respected the decisions takenby the Jati Panchayat. (vi)Thepanchayatswere alsoregarded as the court of appeal, that wouldensure that thestate carried outitsmoral responsibilities. (vii)For justice, petitions wereoftenmade to themanchayat collectivelyby a group of caste or a community protestingagainst what they cosnidered to be morallyillegitimatedemands on the partof elites (viii)INCASES of excessive revenue demands, THEPANCHAYAT often suggested acompromis, Ifthisfailed, the peasants took recourse to more drasticforms of punishment suchas desertingthe villge (ix)An accountantof Patwari helped in themaintenance of accountsof the Panchayat. (x) Thepanchayats gottheirfunds from contributionmade by individualsto common financial pool . (xi)Thesefunds wereused fordefraying thecostsof entertaining revenue officials who usually visited the village. |
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| 1155. |
"The communal politics that started during the early decades of the 20 century was responsible for the partition of the Examine the statement. |
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Answer» SOLUTION : (i) Separate electorates for Muslims were created by the colonial government in 1909 and expanded in 1919. It CRUCIALLY shaped the nature of communal politics. Separate electorates meant that Muslims could now elect their own representatives in designated constituencies. (ii) Working politicians used their own slogans and gathered in masses by distributing favours to theirown religious. (iii) There was active opposition and hostility between the communities. (iv) Cow protection movement by Arya Samaj brought back the people who had recently CONVERTED to Islam. (v) The provincial elections of 1937 and the Cripps Mission of 1942. (vi) Hindus were angered by the rapid Tabligh and Tanzim after 1923. Communal riors deepened the differences between the communities, creating disturbing MEMORIES of violence. |
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| 1156. |
This is a statement made by one of the best known epigraphists of the twentieth century. D.C Sircar. These is no aspect of life, culture and activities of the Indians that is not reflected in inscription. " Discuss. |
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Answer» Solution :A famous exponent of inscription, D.C Sircar has RIGHTLY said that the inscriptions cited, a few of which are as follows: (i) Generally, inscriptions were commissioned by those achivements, activities, ideas recorded by them. Inscription are virtually permanent records. some inscriptions carry dates. Other are deted on the basis of paleography or styles or WRITING with a fair amount of precision. (ii) Description of gifts made to religious institurtions. These mentions the name of the donor, and sometime specify his/her occupation as WELL. |
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| 1157. |
Explain why some hill stations were developed during the colonial period in India. |
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Answer» Solution : (i) The cold climate of the Indian hills was seen as an advantage. PARTICULARLY, since the British associated the hot weather with epidemics. (ii) Hill stations were established mainly for the army, to protect them from discases like cholera and malaria. They also became strategic places for billeting TROOPS guatding frontiers and launchingcampaigns against enemy rulers. (III) These hill stations were also DEVELOPED as Sanatoriums .e, places where soldiers could be sent for rest. (IV) These places were suitable for British rulers due to the cold climate where new rulers and viceroy could go for rest in the summer. |
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| 1158. |
Give the introduction of 'Drona' and 'Eklavya' in brief. |
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Answer» Solution :DRONA was a Brahmana who taught archery to the Kuru princes. (II) EKLAVYA was a forest DWELLING .nishada.. |
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| 1159. |
Explain the role of Panchayats in the Mughal rural Indian society during 16th-17th centuries |
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Answer» Solution :The ROLE of PANCHAYATS in the Mughal rural Indian society during 16th-17th centuries: (i) Structure The village panchayats assembly of elders, usually important people of the village with hereditary rights over their property However, in mixed-caste villages the panchayats were usually a heterogeneous body. The panchayats were headed by a HEADMAN KNOWN as or mandal. Headmen used to hold their respective offices as long as they enjoyed the confidence of the village elders, failing which they could be dismissed by them. The chief function of the headman was to supervise the preparation of village accounts, ASSISTED by the accountant or patwari of the panchayat. (ii) Collection of funds : The panchayat derived its funds form contributions made by individuals to a common financial pool. These funds were used for meeting the costs of entertaining revenue officials who visited the village from time to time. Expenses for community welfare activities such as natural calamities were also met from these fundsThe funds were also deployed in construction of a bund or digging a canal which peasants usually could not afford to do on their own. (iii) Regarding caste boundaries One of the important functions of the panchayat was to ensure that caste boundaries among the various communities inhabiung the village were eastern India all marriages were held in the presence of the mandal. The duty of the village headman was to observe the conduct of the members of village community so as to prevent any offence against their caste. upheld. In (iv) Authority to levy fines : The panchayats had the authority to levy fines and inflict more serious forms of punishment like expulsion from the community. These meant that the person was forced to leave the village and become an out caste and he lost the right to practise his profession. Such a measure was taken as a violation of caste norms. |
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| 1160. |
How were the subsistence and production closely intertwined in an average commercial peasant's 16 and 17 centuries ? Explain. |
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Answer» Solution :(i) AGRICULTURE in medieval India was not only for subsistence, we find the term 'Jins-i-Kamil holding during the Mughal period in (ii) The Mughal state also boosted peasants to culuvate such crops as they gencrated more revenue.Example: Cotton, SUGARCANE etc (iii) Cotton was grown over a Vast Swathe of territory SPREAD over CENTRAL India and the Deccan Plateau and Bengal was famous for its sugar. These crops would include oil sceds and lentils (iv) During the 17th century many new crops from different subcontinent. from Africa and Spain. Vegetables and potatoes, tomatoes, chilics and pineapple and papaya were introduced from the new WORLD. It clearly shows subsistence and commercial production were closely intertwincd in an average pcasant's holding. |
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| 1161. |
What do you mean by Numismatics ? How has the study of coins helped the Numistatists to reconstruct possible commercial network during 6^(th) century BCE? Discuss. |
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Answer» Solution :Numismatics is the study of coins, including visual elements such as scripts and images, metallurgical analysis and the contexts in whichthey have found. (i) Numismatists have studied the punch maked coins made of sliver and copperwhich have been removed from excavations at a number of sites throughout the subcontinent and other coins to reconstruct possible commercial networks. (ii) Many attempts were made to identifythe symbols on punch marking coins with specific ruling dynasties including the Mauryans, suggest that they were issued bykings. It is also likely that merchants, bankers and towns people issued some of thesecoins. (iii) The first coins to bear the names and images of rulers were issued by the Indo-Greek.s who establihed control over the north western part of the sub-continent second century BCE. (iv) The first gold coins issued in the first century CE by Kushanas have been found from several sites in north India and central Asia. These widespread use of gold coins indicates the enormous value of the transactions that were TAKING place. (v) Hoards of Roman coins have also been found from archaeological sites in SOUTH India, which shows that the NETWORK of trade were not confined within political boundaries as south India was not a part of Roman empire but there were close connections through trade. (vi) Archaeologists have unearthed severalthousand copper coins issued by the Yaudheyas the tribal republics of Punjab and Haryana (c first century CE) points to the interests and participation in economic EXCHANGES. (vii) Some of the most spectacular gold coins were issued by the Gupta rulers. The earliest issues are remarkable for their purity. (viii) These coins facilitated long distance transactions from which king also BENEFITTED. |
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| 1162. |
"The relationship of the sepoys with the superior white officers underwent a significant change in the years preceding the uprising of 1857." Support the statement with examples. |
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Answer» SOLUTION : (i) Certainly, the relationship of the sepoys with their superior white officers underwent a significant change in the years preceding the uprising of 1857 (ii) White officers made it a POINT in 1920s to keep cordial relations with the sepoys. They would participate in their leisure activities, they wrestled with them, fenced with them and went out hawking.with them (iii) Many of white officers COULD speak and understand Hindustani language fluently. They were also familiar with the customs and culture of the country. (iv) In the 1840S, this fabric of friendly relationship BEGAN sense of superiority and began treating the sepoys as their racial inferiors, riding roughshod over their sensibilitics. Then abuse and physical violence became common and thus the distance between sepoys and officers grew. Trust was replaced by doubt. The episode of the greased cartidges was a classic example of this increasing suspicion. |
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| 1163. |
Mention two factors for enjoying social and economicprivileges by the zamindars in Mughal Indai . |
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Answer» Solution : (i) Caste: Most of the zamindars belonged to thedominant SECTION of ruralsociety . (II)The another REASON was, they performed CERTAIN services(khidmat) for the state. |
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| 1164. |
Who was James Prinsep? What was his contribution in the development of Indian epigraphy? |
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Answer» Solution :(i) James Prinsep was an officer in the mint of the East India Company. (II) His contribution in the DEVELOPMENT of India epigraphy was that he was able todecipher Brahmi and KHAROSHTI SCRIPTS used in the earliest inscriptions and COINS. |
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| 1165. |
Explain why patriliny may have been particularly important among elite families. |
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Answer» SOLUTION :The principle of PATRILINY would have been essential for the elite families for the following reasons: (i) Continuity of Dynasty: (a) As per the Dharmashastras, it was an established belief that the son carried FORWARD the dynasty. That was the main reason that the families wished for sons not for daughters. (b) A couplet of Rigveda also substantiates this view. A father at the time of the marriage of his daughter wishes that she should have best sons with the grace of Lord Shiva. (ii) Inheritance: (a) In royal families, the acquisition of throne was INCLUDED in the inheritance. After the death of a king, his eldest son was supposed to inherit the throne. (b) After the death of the parents, the property was to be equally divided among all the sons. (C) The royal families followed the patriliny since 600 BC. This system had exceptions also. • The brother of the king ascended the throne in case the former had no son. • Relatives also claimed inheritance of the throne. • Women also ascended the throne like Prabhavati Gupta. |
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| 1166. |
Which two problems did the historian face while taking help from oral sources and memories? |
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Answer» SOLUTION :(i) These sources are not EASILY AVAILABLE (ii) Very difficult to sort out HISTORICAL fact from MEMORIES and oral sources. |
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| 1167. |
Examine the outcome of the provincial elections of 1937 and explain the role of Congress ministeries and Muslim League on it. |
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Answer» Solution :(a) Poorest of poor Indian consume food that has salt as one of its prime ingredient. British government levied tax on salt and making salt indigenously was FORBIDDEN. It was to become a big burden on the poor people of India. (b) Some important points regarding salt law are as follows. (i) The salt law gave a monopoly to the state in the MANUFACTURE and sale of salt. It was a commodity indispensible to rich and poor alike. It was a good tactic for mobilising for the salt law which was disliked in British India. (ii) It was more oppressive tax. It deprived people of a valuable easy village industry and involved a great destruction of property that nature produces. Its destruction itself entailed national expenditure. (iii) After a period of political passivity of Non-cooperation movement, it was a perfect platform for relaunching a new phase of struggle. Salt law was the key tactic that was used for mobilisation of people. (iv) Gandhiji declared a march to break salt law. He started his walking from Sabarmati ashram. He used the salt satyagraha to explain the power of civil disobedience ranging from breaking of laws. (v) Gandhiji reached Dandi and picked a handful of salt on 6 April 1930. The entire country was expectant and activated. It was the inauguration of civil disobedience movement. It was an unsurpassed mass movement. OR The salt march was initiated by Gandhiji. It was an important event in the Indian History as: (i) By leading the March, Mahatma Gandhi gained worldwide popularity. Salt march was COVERED by the European and American Press and gained his attention. (ii) It was the first nationalist activity in which women had participated. (iii) It was the Salt March that made the British realise for the first time that their rule in India would not last longer. It was violation of salt law, and monopoly of British and manufacturing of salt. (iv) The British realised that they would have to decentralise power by involving Indians in the Administration. Civil law violated in large part of India. (i) Under the ACT of 1935 elections to the provincial legislatures were held for the first time in 1937. Only 10-12% of the population enjoyed the right to vote. The Congress did well. (ii) The Congress got an absolute majority in five out of eleven provinces and formed governments in seven out of eleven provinces. (iii) Both the Congress and Muslim League did badly in constituencies reserved for the muslims. The Muslim League fared poorly in NWFP, Bengal, Punjab and Sind polling only 4.4% of the total muslim vote cast in this election. (iv) The Muslim League failed to win a single seat in NWFP, captured only two out of 84 reserved constituencies in Punjab and three out of 33 in Sind. Role of Congress Ministries: (i) In United Provinces, the League wanted to form a JOINT government with Congress but it rejected their demand as Congress had got an absolute majority there. (ii) The Congress ministries increased the hiatus between the Congress and Muslim League. It had already refused their proposal for joint government in United Province. League supported the zamindari system. Congress wanted to abolish it. (iii) Congress leaders had started emphasising The salt march was initiated by Gandhiji. It was an important event in the Indian History as: (i) By leading the March, Mahatma Gandhi gained worldwide popularity. Salt march was covered by the European and American Press and gained his attention. (ii) It was the first nationalist activity in which women had participated. (iii) It was the Salt March that made the British realise for the first time that their rule in India would not last longer. It was violation of salt law, and monopoly of British and manufacturing of salt. (iv) The British realised that they would have to decentralise power by involving Indians in the Administration. Civil law violated in large part of India. (i) Under the Act of 1935 elections to the provincial legislatures were held for the first time in 1937. Only 10-12% of the population enjoyed the right to vote. The Congress did well. (ii) The Congress got an absolute majority in five out of eleven provinces and formed governments in seven out of eleven provinces. (iii) Both the Congress and Muslim League did badly in constituencies reserved for the muslims. The Muslim League fared poorly in NWFP, Bengal, Punjab and Sind polling only 4.4% of the total muslim vote cast in this election. (iv) The Muslim League failed to win a single seat in NWFP, captured only two out of 84 reserved constituencies in Punjab and three out of 33 in Sind. Role of Congress Ministries: (i) In United Provinces, the League wanted to form a joint government with Congress but it rejected their demand as Congress had got an absolute majority there. (ii) The Congress ministries increased the hiatus between the Congress and Muslim League. It had already refused their proposal for joint government in United Province. League supported the zamindari system. Congress wanted to abolish it. (iii) Congress leaders had started emphasisingsecularism more, but all the ministers were not unanimous about it. (iv) In 1937, Maulana Azad raised the issue that the Congress members were not free to join the Muslim League. (v) The political polarisation between the Congress and the Muslims League was complete. League established itself as a dominant party among Muslims and claimed to be the sole spokesman of India.s Muslims. |
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| 1168. |
Mention any two ceremonies performed on the occasion of Mahanavami Dibba. |
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Answer» Solution :(i) Worship of various GODS and goddesses. (II) Worship of STATE HORSE and sacrifice of BUFFALOES and other animals. |
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| 1169. |
Mention the important features of weights used by the Harappans. |
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Answer» Solution :Exchanges were REGULATED by a precise system of weights as archaeologists mention. (a) Weights were made of stones called CHERT and generally cubical with no markings. (b) The lower denominations of weights were BINARY (1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, etc. UPTO 12,800) (c ) While the higher denominations followed the decimal system. (d) Metal-scale-pans have been found. (e ) The smaller weights were probably used for weighing jewellery and BEADS. |
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| 1170. |
Explain how Akbar maintained harmonious relations with different ethnic and religious communities. |
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Answer» Solution :Mughal chronicles present the empire during Akbar as comprising many different ethnic and religious conunities-Hindus, Jainas, Zoroasttians and Muslims. (i) As the source of all peace and stability the emperor stood above all religious and ethnic groups, mediated among them, and ensured that justice and peace prevailed. (ii) Abul Fazl describes the ideal of Sulh-i-Kul as the cornerstone of enlightened rule. (iii) In Sulh-i-Kul all religions and schools of thou ght had freedom of expression but on condition that they did not undermine the authority of the state or fight among themselves. (IV) The nobility under the MUGHALS was a composite one comprising Iranis, Turanis, Afghans, Rajputs, Deccanis - all of whom were given positions and AWARDS purcly on the basis of their SERVICE and LOYALTY to the king. Akbar abolished the tax on it 163 and Jizya in 1564 as the two were based on relig dus discrimination. |
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| 1171. |
Why did the Congress did not accept the proposal to form a joint government with the Muslim League in the United Province? Give reasons. |
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Answer» Solution :It was because: (i) The Congress was in MAJORITY (II) MUSLIM League favoured the landlordism where Congress WANTED to abolish them. |
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| 1172. |
What do you mean by term Kula and Jati? |
| Answer» Solution : Sanskrit TEXTS use the term KULA to DESCRIBE families and Jati for the larger network of KINFOLK. | |
| 1173. |
How do the modetn historians explain the development of Magadha as the most powerful Mahajanpada? Explain. |
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Answer» Solution :Modern historians explain Magadha as the thot powerful reason because of various reasons. (a) Magadha was a region where agriculture was especially productive. Agriculture was very importantfor he economy of any empie. (ii) There is abundance of minerals in Magadh area, iron mines were accessible and PROVIDED resources for cools and weapons. (iii) Magadh army was a powerful army and they had elephants in their army. Elephants were found in forests in the region. (iv) Also, the Ganga and its tributaries provided a mes ns of cheap and CONVENIENT communication, which is very important to have information about other kingdoms and served cconomy also. Changing the capital from Rajgriha to Pataliputra also helped bec mse it commanded routes of communication was a region where agriculture was alorg the Ganga. (v)Cauddhist and Jaina writers also ATTRIBUTED its power to the policies of RUTHLESSLY ambitious kings such as Bimbisara, Ajatasatru and Mahapadmanand etc. (vi) There were five major political centers in the empire-the capital Pataliputra and the provincial centres of Taxila, Ujjayaini, Tosali and Suvarnagiri. The empire ranged from the present-day north-west Frontier Provinces of Pakistan, to Andhra Pradesh, odi ha and UTTARAKHAND in India, thus signifying the pover of Magadha Janapada. |
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| 1174. |
Describe any three strengthand any two limitations of the Ain-i-Akbari as an important document in the study of Mughal Period . |
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Answer» SOLUTION :STRONGEST Aspects (i)It PROVIDES uswith vivid information about the Mughal administrationand life of thepeople (II)Regarding agriculture, it provides us quitesignificant data. Limitations. (i)There are too MANY errors in it (ii)It fails to incorporatethe statistical data of all the provinces of Mughal Empire. |
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| 1175. |
Mention any two ideal occupations of Brahmanas according to Dharmashastra. |
| Answer» Solution :Their ideal occupations were (i) to PERFORM YAJNAS (II) to study and teach Vedas. | |
| 1176. |
Read the following passage carefully and answer the questions that follow: Deeds of hire When debts mounted the peasant was unable to pay back the loan to the moneylender. He had no option but to give over all his possessions-land, carts, and animals - to the moneylender. But without animals he could not continue to cultivate, So, he took land on rt and animals on hire. He now had to pay for the animals which had originally belonged to him. He had to sign a deed of hire stating very clearly that hese animnals and carts did not belong to him. In cases of conflict, these decds could be enforced through the court. The following is the text of a deed that a peasant signe d in November 1873, from the recotds of the Deccan Riots Commission: I have sold to you, on account of the debt due to you, my two carriages having iron axles, with their appurtenances and four bullocks... I have taken under (this) deed the very same you on hire two carriages and four bullocks. I shall pay every month the hire thereof atRupees four a month, and obtain a receipt in your own handwriting. In the bsence of a receipt I shall not contend that the hirehad been paid. What light does the deed of hire throw on the relationship between the peasants and the moneylenders? |
| Answer» SOLUTION :The deed of hire clearly shows that the relationship between the PEASANTS and the MONEYLENDERS was characterized by ACRIMONY. The deed of hire was absolutely loaded in favour of the moneylenders and the peasants were at the receiving END. | |
| 1177. |
Explain the differences between the moderate and extremist nationalist leaders. |
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Answer» Solution :(a) Moderates:(i) G.K. Gokhale, Dadabhai Naoroji etc. were the moderate leaders. They wanted to work within the framework of law and adopted constitutional methods. (ii) They preferred a more gradual and persuasive approach of petitioning (b) Extremists: (i) BAL Gangadhar Tilak, Bipin Chandra Pal and LALA Lajpat Rai were the extremist leaders. They rejected the constitutional ways as weak and poor, ADVOCATED militant opposition to the British rule. (ii) They followed radical ways of political agitation and BELIEVED their demands might be MET by keeping under the government pressure. |
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| 1178. |
Read the following passage carefully and answer the questions that follow: Deeds of hire When debts mounted the peasant was unable to pay back the loan to the moneylender. He had no option but to give over all his possessions-land, carts, and animals - to the moneylender. But without animals he could not continue to cultivate, So, he took land on rt and animals on hire. He now had to pay for the animals which had originally belonged to him. He had to sign a deed of hire stating very clearly that hese animnals and carts did not belong to him. In cases of conflict, these decds could be enforced through the court. The following is the text of a deed that a peasant signe d in November 1873, from the recotds of the Deccan Riots Commission: I have sold to you, on account of the debt due to you, my two carriages having iron axles, with their appurtenances and four bullocks... I have taken under (this) deed the very same you on hire two carriages and four bullocks. I shall pay every month the hire thereof atRupees four a month, and obtain a receipt in your own handwriting. In the bsence of a receipt I shall not contend that the hirehad been paid. How did the peasants pay back the loan to the moneylender? |
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Answer» Solution : (i) When debts increased the peasants were unable to pay back the loan to the MONEYLENDER. (II) In this SITUATION, the peasants had no OPTION but to give all their POSSESSIONS to the moneylender. (ii) They had to surrender their land, carts and anirnals to the moneylender. |
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| 1179. |
Who were regarded as Mlechchhas? Name one of the best known Mlechchha king. |
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Answer» Solution :(i) The rulers such as the SHAKAS who CAME from Central Asia, were REGARDED as mlechchhas, barbarians or outsiders by the BRAHMANAS. (ii) The best known Shaka RULER (Mlechchhas) was Rudradaman who rebuilt the Sudarshana lake. |
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| 1180. |
Which one among the following is not correct about the cave paintings at Ajanta? |
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Answer» scenes have no dividing frame and blend into each other |
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| 1181. |
Read the following passage carefully and answer the questions that follow: Deeds of hire When debts mounted the peasant was unable to pay back the loan to the moneylender. He had no option but to give over all his possessions-land, carts, and animals - to the moneylender. But without animals he could not continue to cultivate, So, he took land on rt and animals on hire. He now had to pay for the animals which had originally belonged to him. He had to sign a deed of hire stating very clearly that hese animnals and carts did not belong to him. In cases of conflict, these decds could be enforced through the court. The following is the text of a deed that a peasant signe d in November 1873, from the recotds of the Deccan Riots Commission: I have sold to you, on account of the debt due to you, my two carriages having iron axles, with their appurtenances and four bullocks... I have taken under (this) deed the very same you on hire two carriages and four bullocks. I shall pay every month the hire thereof atRupees four a month, and obtain a receipt in your own handwriting. In the bsence of a receipt I shall not contend that the hirehad been paid. What NATS the deed of hire ? Explain. |
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Answer» Solution :(i)The peasant had to sign a deed of hire STATING Very clearly that all his POSSESSIONS (land, carts and animals) did not belong to him The peasant had to to the moneylender, his carriages having iron AXLES, sell, on account of the debt with their accessories and bullocks. (III) A peasant had to sign a deed that he had taken same carriages and bullacks on hire from moneylender. The peasant had to pay every MONTH the hire thereof at rupees four a month. |
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| 1182. |
Describe the demand of low - castepeople and linguistic minorities at the time of creationand adoption of the constitution . |
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Answer» Solution :The DEMAND of low-caste people and linguistics were as follows: (i) Low-caste people DEMANDED affirmative action to ensure their representation in government. (II) Linguistic minorities demanded PROTECTION of their LANGUAGE and culture and creation of states on the basis of languages. |
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| 1183. |
Write any two features of Lotus Mahal. |
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Answer» SOLUTION :(i) It was constructed in Indo - ISLAMIC STYLE. (ii) The pillars and WALLS were constructed in two different styles and DECORATED with the figures made of wood. |
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| 1184. |
Whichcrops wereintroduced to India in the 16th and 17thcentury ? |
| Answer» Solution :Maize and VEGETABLES were INTRODUCED into Indiavia Africa and Spain . Vegetableslike tomatoes, potatoes and chillies andfruits LIKE pineapple andpapaya came to India from the New World. | |
| 1185. |
What was Triplicane? State one feature. |
| Answer» SOLUTION :(i) Triplicane was a Hindu religious centre that SUPPORTED a large GROUP of Brahmins. (ii) Once the Nawab of Arcot settled nearby Triplicane, it BECOME a nucleus of a substantial Muslim SETTLEMENT. | |
| 1186. |
Why is the composite culture of the Mughal period called the Mughal court culture? Mention reasons. |
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Answer» Solution : (i) The composite culture of the Mughal period is called the `Mughal COURT Culture. since it was inspired throughtout the period by the throne and the masses had no significance. (II) It depended entirely on royal patronage. Under the keen and personal interest of the Mughal emperor it attained great heights. (III) It languished and fled away when the ruler.s interest declined. (iv) Under the FIRST five Mughals art, ARCHITECTURE and literature rose to high standard of excellence, but touched their lowest when court patronage was discontinued. |
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| 1187. |
Describe how communalism led to partition of India. |
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Answer» Solution :(a) (i) When india was under British rule. Muslim formed a minority with a sizeable population of almost one-fourth of the total population. (ii) The politics gradually took communal turn and Muslim began to demand a separate nation and India was PARTITIONED.This was the result of communal politics. (B) Following were the main HISTORICAL development that culminated in partition: (i)Muslim League was formed in 1906 ,with declared its objective of serving interest of Muslim. It claimed to be the sole representative of Muslim and described Congress as the Party of HINDUS. (ii)Muslim League demanded separate seats in provincial and central legislatures for Muslim. The British government was very much pleased to accept it. This legitimised the notion that Muslim were different from other indians. (iii)There were Hindu outfits too. That wanted to turn India into a Hindu Rashtra when British had left. (v)Communal riots engulfed the COUNTRY after failure of Cabinet Mission and India had to be partitioned. |
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| 1188. |
How and what did people come to know about the progress of the Dandi March of Gandhiji? |
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Answer» SOLUTION :(i) Gandhi.s progress can be traced form the secret reports filed by the police officials. (ii) These reproduced the speeches he gave at the villages enroute in which he called upon local officials to RENOUNCE government EMPLOYMENT and join the freedom struggle. (iii) The police spies reported that Gandhi.s movements were well attended and thousands of volunteers FLOCKED to the nationalist cause. (iv) The progress of the Salt March can also be traced from the American news magazine, .Time.. (v) The magazine underscored Gandhiji.s physical appearance and were sceptical of the march reaching its destination. (vi) As the march proceeded, the Times magazine changed its attitude and declared that the Salt March had made the British authorities very worried. (vii) When Gandhi reached Dandi on 12th March, 1930, and broke the salt law. As a result Salt Marches were conducted all over India. Inspired by Gandhiji, PEASANTS broke forest laws, lawyers boycotted courts and many officials resigned from their posts. |
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| 1189. |
Explain how Non-Cooperation Movement made Gandhiji a national leader. |
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Answer» Solution :About Non-Cooperation Movement, Louis Fisher wrote, "it became the name of EPCH in the life of India, the land of Gandhiji". Non-Cooperation Movementwas negative for British ruler but at the same time was peaceful and positive enough to be effective. It was in South Africa, he first focussed in distinctive technique of non-violent protest known as SATYAGRAH and promoted harrmony between religion. (i) He successfully organised Satyagraha at Champaran (1917), Ahmedabad and Khera (1918). This was the beginning of Gandhiji's popularity among the public. (ii) After Jallianwala Bagh massacre, he called for a campaign of non-cooperation with British RULE and joined hands with Khilafat movement. (iii) Gandhiji became popular amongst Indians because he dressed like them, lived like them and spoke their language. (iv) When he was in prison in 1924, he devoted him lf in constructive work like promotion of home spun khadi clothes, abolition of untouchability, Hindu-Muslim unity. (vi) He also promoted the concept of self rule through the chatkha. (vii) Gandhiji displayed a concern for the laboring poor of India, as he belicved that salvation for India could come only through the farmers and workers who constituted the majority of the Indian population.(reference to BHU specch). (viii) He wanted Indian nationalism, from being an elite phenomenon- a creation of LAWYERS doctors and landlords, to nationalism more suitably representative of the Indian people as a whole. (ix) He popularised Satyagraha. (x) Non-Cooperation-a much wider and popular Movement in terms of PARTICIPATION from all sections, widespread over India, participation by both Hindas and Muslims-Khilafat & Non Cooperation, a united Challenge to British impetialism like never before under his Icadership. |
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| 1190. |
Examine the significance of enclosing agricultural land within the fortified area of the city of Vijayanagara. |
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Answer» Solution :Significance of Enclosing Agricultral land (i) Abdur Razzaq noted that " between the first, second and the third walls there are cultivated FIELDS, gardens and houses." (II) Agricultural tracts were incorporated WITHIN the fortified area. The objective of medieval sieges was to starve the defenders into submission. (iii) These sieges could last for several months and sometimes even years. Normally rulers tried to be PREPARED for such situations by building large granaries within fortified areas. (Any other relevant points) (Any Two points to be examined) |
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| 1191. |
Who founded Muslim League and when? |
| Answer» Solution :MUSLIM LEAGUE was FOUNDED by Nawab SALEEM Ullah Khan and Nawab Bakruai on 30 December,1906. | |
| 1192. |
Give a brief introduction on Francois Bernier. How long he remained in India? |
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Answer» Solution :(i) Francois Bernier was a French man. He was a doctor political philosopher and historian. (ii) He came to the MUGHAL Empire in search of OPPORTUNITIES. He was with the COURT as a PHYSICIAN of Dara Shulkoh. (iii) He was in India from (1656-1668) 12 YEARS. |
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| 1193. |
On an outline map of the world, mark the countries visited by Ibn Battuta. What are the seas that he may have crossed? |
Answer» SOLUTION :
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| 1194. |
Read source given below and answer the questions which follow: "The British element is gone, but they have left the mischief behind" Sardar Vallabh Bhai Patel said: It is no use saying that we ask for separate electorates, because it is good for us. We have heard it long enough. We have heard it for years, and as a result of this agitation we are now a separate nation ... Can you show me one free country where there are separate electorates? If so, I shall be prepared to accept it. But in this unfortunate country if this separate electorate is going to be persisted in, even after the division of the country, woe betide the country, it is not worth living in. Therefore, I say, it is not for my good alone, it is for your own good that I say it, forget the past. One day, we may beunited ... The British element is gone, but they have left the mischief behind. We do not want to perpetuate that mischief. (Hear, hear). When the British introduced this element they had not expected that they will have to go so soon. They wanted it for their easy administration. That is all right. But they have left the legacy behind Are we to get out of it or not? Who was Sardar Vallabh Bhai Patel? |
| Answer» SOLUTION : He was a FAMOUS MEMBER of the CONSTITUTENT ASSEMBLY. | |
| 1195. |
Why did the Cripps Mission visit India? |
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Answer» Solution :(i) The CONGRESS had organized a series of individual satyagrahas to pressurize the RULERS to promise independence to Indians after the END of the Second World War. (ii) So, in such a situation, in 1942 WINSTON Churchill, The Prime Minister of England, sent one of his ministers, Sir Stafford Cripps to India to forge a compromise with Gandhiji and the Congress. But his mission remained unfulfilled as the talks fell flat. |
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| 1196. |
Read source given below and answer the questions which follow: "The British element is gone, but they have left the mischief behind" Sardar Vallabh Bhai Patel said: It is no use saying that we ask for separate electorates, because it is good for us. We have heard it long enough. We have heard it for years, and as a result of this agitation we are now a separate nation ... Can you show me one free country where there are separate electorates? If so, I shall be prepared to accept it. But in this unfortunate country if this separate electorate is going to be persisted in, even after the division of the country, woe betide the country, it is not worth living in. Therefore, I say, it is not for my good alone, it is for your own good that I say it, forget the past. One day, we may beunited ... The British element is gone, but they have left the mischief behind. We do not want to perpetuate that mischief. (Hear, hear). When the British introduced this element they had not expected that they will have to go so soon. They wanted it for their easy administration. That is all right. But they have left the legacy behind Are we to get out of it or not? Why did he speak these words? |
| Answer» SOLUTION :He SPOKE these words because they sowed the SEEDS of separate electorate in INDIA. | |
| 1197. |
Read the passage carefully and answer the question given as follows: A Mother's Advice The Mahabharata describes how, when war between the Kauravas and the Pandavas became almost inevitable, Gandhari made one last appeal to her eldest son, Duryodhana: By making peace you honour your father and me, as well as your well-wishers it is the wise man in control of his senses who guards his kingdom. Greed and anger drag a man away from his profits, by defeating these two enemies a king conquers the earth ... You will happily enjoy the earth, my son, along with the wise and heroic Pandavas ... There is no good in a war, no law (dharma) and profit (artha), let alone happiness, nor is there (necessarily) victory in the end - don't set your mind on war ... Duryodhana did not listen to this advice and fought and lost the war. Who was Gandhari? What did she appeal to Duryodhana? |
| Answer» Solution :Gandhari was the wife of Dhritarashtra and mother of the KAURAVAS. She advised her eldest SON Duryodhana not to wage a WAR against the Pandavas, because a war is NOTHING but a large scale DESTRUCTION. It is not always you who won the war. | |
| 1198. |
Read source given below and answer the questions which follow: "The British element is gone, but they have left the mischief behind" Sardar Vallabh Bhai Patel said: It is no use saying that we ask for separate electorates, because it is good for us. We have heard it long enough. We have heard it for years, and as a result of this agitation we are now a separate nation ... Can you show me one free country where there are separate electorates? If so, I shall be prepared to accept it. But in this unfortunate country if this separate electorate is going to be persisted in, even after the division of the country, woe betide the country, it is not worth living in. Therefore, I say, it is not for my good alone, it is for your own good that I say it, forget the past. One day, we may beunited ... The British element is gone, but they have left the mischief behind. We do not want to perpetuate that mischief. (Hear, hear). When the British introduced this element they had not expected that they will have to go so soon. They wanted it for their easy administration. That is all right. But they have left the legacy behind Are we to get out of it or not? What was one of serious impact of separate electorates? |
| Answer» SOLUTION :It LAID the FOUNDATION of partition and FINALLY India got divided into two SEPARATE nations: India and Pakistan. | |
| 1199. |
Read the passage carefully and answer the question given as follows: A Mother's Advice The Mahabharata describes how, when war between the Kauravas and the Pandavas became almost inevitable, Gandhari made one last appeal to her eldest son, Duryodhana: By making peace you honour your father and me, as well as your well-wishers it is the wise man in control of his senses who guards his kingdom. Greed and anger drag a man away from his profits, by defeating these two enemies a king conquers the earth ... You will happily enjoy the earth, my son, along with the wise and heroic Pandavas ... There is no good in a war, no law (dharma) and profit (artha), let alone happiness, nor is there (necessarily) victory in the end - don't set your mind on war ... Duryodhana did not listen to this advice and fought and lost the war. Why did Duryodhana not act on advice of his mother? |
| Answer» SOLUTION :Because (a) He was very HAUGHTY and proud. (B) He was SURE that he will defeat the Pandavas. (C) His advisors misguided him. | |
| 1200. |
Read source given below and answer the questions which follow: "The British element is gone, but they have left the mischief behind" Sardar Vallabh Bhai Patel said: It is no use saying that we ask for separate electorates, because it is good for us. We have heard it long enough. We have heard it for years, and as a result of this agitation we are now a separate nation ... Can you show me one free country where there are separate electorates? If so, I shall be prepared to accept it. But in this unfortunate country if this separate electorate is going to be persisted in, even after the division of the country, woe betide the country, it is not worth living in. Therefore, I say, it is not for my good alone, it is for your own good that I say it, forget the past. One day, we may beunited ... The British element is gone, but they have left the mischief behind. We do not want to perpetuate that mischief. (Hear, hear). When the British introduced this element they had not expected that they will have to go so soon. They wanted it for their easy administration. That is all right. But they have left the legacy behind Are we to get out of it or not? Write any two argument put forward by Patel against separate electorate. |
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Answer» Solution : (a) It turned the two LEADING COMMUNITIES of INDIA against each other. (B) It laid the foundation STONE of partition and caused bloodshed. |
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