InterviewSolution
Saved Bookmarks
InterviewSolution
This section includes InterviewSolutions, each offering curated multiple-choice questions to sharpen your knowledge and support exam preparation. Choose a topic below to get started.
| 51. |
What was the impact of World War I on the Russian economy? |
|
Answer» SOLUTION :(i) Industrial equipment disintegrated more rapidly in Russia than any other European country. By 1916, railway lines BEGAN t break down and all able bodied MEN weere called up to the war. (iii) As a result, there wee labour shortages and small workshops producing essential goods were shut down. (iv) Since moe ration was SENT fo the army, ther was shortage of BREAD forthe civilians. By the winter of 1916, riots at bread shops were common. |
|
| 52. |
The expansion of cultivation was considered as a sign of progress. |
|
Answer» |
|
| 53. |
Discuss how the changes in forest management in the colonial period affected the following groups of people |
| Answer» Solution : (i) Shifting Cultivators - Shifting cultivation was banned by the new FOREST laws. It created aproblem of survival for the shifting cultivators. Due to this many migrated to take up someother occupation whereas others were forced to WORK on plantation. (ii) Nomadic and pastoralist communities – New forest laws banned grazing of animals. Itmade the life of the pastoralist communities difficult and the only source of their livelihood was herds of animals. The nomadic communities were declared as criminal communities,which made their life more miserable as they were no longer allowed to move FREELY. (iii) Firms trading in timber/forest produce – As Timber was in huge demand, it was a boonfor the timber merchant. There was growth in their income. (iv) Plantation owners – LAND was given to the plantation owners at a cheaper rate and labourwas made available to them on cheaper wages. New laws were created which restricted theworkers to go BACK to their home villages. (v) Kings/British officials engaged in Shikar (hunting) - Killing of dangerous animals like thetiger and wolves was monetarily rewarded. Besides hunting was also viewed as a sign ofbravery. | |
| 54. |
Which new Assembly was formed by Jacobins? |
| Answer» SOLUTION :JACOBINS elected new ASSEMBLY which was called Convention. | |
| 55. |
Read the sources given below and answer the question that follow : SOURCE - C : Hitler's success in Foreign Policy In foreign policy also Hitler acquired quick successes. He pulled out of the League of Nations in 1933, reoccupied the Rhineland in 1936, and integrated Austria and Germany in 1938 under the slogan. One people, One empire, and One leader. He then went on to wrest German-speaking Susdentenland from Czechoslovakia, and gobbled up the entire country. In all of this he had the unspoken support of England, which had considered the Versailles verdict too harsh. These quick successes at home and abroad seemed to reverse the destiny of the country. When and which two countries integrated under the slogan 'One people, One empire and One leader' ? |
| Answer» SOLUTION :AUSTRIA and GERMANY in 1938 | |
| 56. |
What were the views of John Locke in inspiring the people for French Revolution? |
| Answer» Solution :Locke SOUGHT to refute the doctrine of the divine and ABSOLUTE right of the monarch in his book .TWO TREATISES of Government. | |
| 57. |
What was the role of the philosophers in the French Revolution? |
|
Answer» Solution :Ideas of having a society based on freedom and equal laws and opportunities for all were put forward by the French philosophers. (i) John Locke: Locke wrote, “Two TREATISES of Government. In this book, he criticised the divine and absolute rights of the monarch rulers. History: INDIA and the Contemporary WORLD- 15 (ii) Jean Jacques Rousseau: Rousseau had written his VIEWPOINTS in his book, .The Social Contracť. He had put forward the idea of formation of a government based on a social contract between people and their representatives. (iii) Montesquieu: His ideas were proposed in his book, .The Spirit of the Laws.. According to himn, there should be a division of POWER between the three important organs—the legislature, the executive and the judiciary. The ideas of these philosophers were discussed by common people in salons and coffee houses and inspired them to fight for their rights. |
|
| 58. |
Read the sources given below and answer the questions that follow:SOURCE: How did Forest Rules Affect Cultivation? In shifting cultivation, parts of the forest are cut and burnt in rotation. Seeds are sown in the ashes after the first monsoon rains, and the crop is harvested by October-November. Such plots are cultivated for a couple of years and then left fallow for 12 to 18 years for the forest to grow back. A mixture of crops is grown on these plots. In central India and Africa, it could be millets, in Brazil manioc, and in other parts of Latin America maize and beans.What do you understand by shifting cultivation? |
| Answer» SOLUTION :In shifting cultivation, parts of the forest are cut and BURNT in ROTATION. | |
| 59. |
In the early nineteenth century, the colonial state thought that forests were productive |
| Answer» SOLUTION :In the early nineteenth CENTURY, the colonial state thought that FORESTS were UNPRODUCTIVE. | |
| 61. |
Assertion (A): The church extracted its share of taxes called tithes from the peasants. Reason (R): All members of the first and the second estate had to pay direct tax called the taille. |
|
Answer» Both A and R are TRUE and R is the CORRECT EXPLANATION of A. |
|
| 62. |
How did the Nazis develop a hatred for the Jews ? |
| Answer» Solution :Nazis BELIEVED that the Jews were the KILLERS of Christ. Until medieval times, Jews were not allowed to own any land. They survived mainly through TRADE and moneylending. They lived in separately marked areas called the ghettos. Hitler.s hatred for the Jews was BASED on pseudoscientific theories of race. They were terrorised, SEGREGATED and compelled to leave the country. During World War II, they were killed in gas chambers in Poland. | |
| 63. |
What is shifting cultivation? Why did the Europeans decide to ban it? |
|
Answer» Solution : In SHIFTING cultivation, parts of forests are cut and BURNT in rotation. Seeds are sown in the ashes after the first monsoon rains. The following prompted Europeans to ban it. (i) They regarded this practice as harmful for forests. (ii) They felt that the LAND which was used for cultivation every few years could not grow trees for railway timber. (iii) When a forest was burnt, there was the added danger of the flames spreading and burningvaluable timber. (iv) Shifting cultivation also made it harder for the government to CALCULATE taxes. THEREFORE, the government decided to ban shifting cultivation. |
|
| 64. |
How spread of railways created a new demand for timber? |
| Answer» Solution :To RUN locomotives, wood was needed as fuel and to lay railway lines, SLEEPERS were ESSENTIAL tohold the TRACKS together. Also, wood was used in the interior of the railway COACHES. | |
| 65. |
What does subsistence crisis mean? What led to subsistence crisis in France? |
| Answer» Solution :Subsistence Crisis is an extreme situation where the basic means of livelihood are endangered. The demand for foodgrains was increased as population had increased in France from 23 MILLION to 28 million. PRODUCTION of grains could not keep pace with the demand. So the price of bread, which was the staple diet of the MAJORITY, rose rapidly. Most workers were employed as labourers in workshops whose owner fixed their wages. But wages did not keep pace with the rise in prices. So the gap between the poor and the rich widened. Things BECAME worse whenever drought or HAIL reduced the harvest. This led to subsistence crisis, something that occurred frequently in France during the Old Regime. | |
| 67. |
How did Hitler and his minister Goebbels' end come after World War II ? |
|
Answer» Solution :(i) In May 1945, Germany surrendered to the ALLIES. (ii) Anticipating what was coming, Hitler, his propaganda Minister Goebbels and his entire FAMILY committed suicide collectively in his Berlin Bunker in April. (iii) At the end of the war, and International against peace. for War Nuremberg was set up to PROSECUTE NAZI war criminals for crimes against peace, for War Crimes and Crimes Against Humanity. Germany.s conduct during the war especially those ACTIONS which came to be called Crimes Against Humanity, raised serious serious and ethical questions and invited worldwide condemnation. |
|
| 68. |
Who was Napoleon Bonaparte? Why was he called a “liberator? |
|
Answer» Solution : (i) Napoleon Bonaparte was the Emperor of France in 1804, who reintroduced monarchy in France. (ii) He conquered his neighbouring countries and created kingdoms, where he placed his own family members. (iii) He was also KNOWN as the moderniser of Europe. He introduced many laws such as the protection of private property and a uniform system of weights and measures provided by the decimal system. (iv) Initially, many people believed that Napoleon was a liberator who would bring freedom for the people. (v) But soon his army was viewed as an invading force. So, he was finally defeated in 1815, in the famous ‘Battle of Waterloo.. (VI) Many of his measures that carried the revolutionary IDEAS of liberty and modern laws to other PARTS of Europe had an impact on people long after Napoleon had left. |
|
| 70. |
What was 'Jungvolk' in Nazi Germany ? |
|
Answer» MAGAZINE |
|
| 71. |
Who were Liberals? |
| Answer» Solution :Liberals were a GROUP of people who wanted a nation which TOLERATES all RELIGIONS. They also OPPOSED the uncontrolled power of DYNASTIC rulers. | |
| 72. |
What did 'The fire Decree' imply ? |
| Answer» Solution :Fire DECREE of 28th February, 1933 indefinitely SUSPENDED CIVIC RIGHTS like freedom of speech, press and assembly that had been guaranteed by the WEIMAR Constitution. | |
| 73. |
Describe the legacy of the French Revolution for the people of the world during the 19th and 20th centuries. |
|
Answer» Solution :There were three most important legacies of the French Revolution (i) The ideas of democratic rights and liberty with equality and fraternity. (ii) It was France from which these ideas were SPREAD to the rest of Europe and the rest of the world during the 19th century. These ideas were interpreted and moulded according to the respective needs of the colonised people. (iii) India.s struggle for independence was also inspired by the ideas of the great French PHILOSOPHERS LIKE Montesquieu and ROUSSEAU. It was the French Revolution that spread out the idea of freedom sovereignty. |
|
| 74. |
Nazis sought to physically eliminate all those who were seen as ____________ . |
|
Answer» |
|
| 75. |
Study the picture and answer the question that follows: Look at the above picture and identify the leader/ruler. |
|
Answer» Lenin |
|
| 76. |
What restrictions were imposed by the Dutch in Java forest laws? |
| Answer» Solution :(i) The Java people were not allowed to graze their CATTLE. (ii) The Java people COULD not TRANSPORT wood without permit. (III) The Java people were not allowed to travel on forest roads with horse carts or cattle. | |
| 77. |
Who was father Gapon? Narrate the events leading to the Bloody Sunday incident and the 1905 Revolution. |
|
Answer» Solution :Father Gapon was the leader of the procession of workers, who marched towards the Winter Palace in ST. Petersburg. Events: When this procession of workers reached in Winter Palace, it was ATTACKED by the police. Over a hundred workers were killed and about three hundred wounded. This incident known as the Bloody SUNDAY started a series of events leading to the 1905 Revolution. Strikes took place, universities closed down and student bodies staged walkouts. Lawyers, doctors and engineers and other middle class workers FORMED unions and DEMANDED a constituent assembly. |
|
| 78. |
Why didn't Stalin's policy of collectivisation yield immediate results? Explain reason. |
| Answer» Solution :There was criticism on the consequences of collectivisation of FARMS. Stalin and his supporters CHARGED these critics with conspiracy against socialism. With the result, over two million PEOPLE were either in PRISON or labour camps. A large number of them were forced to make false confessions under torture and were executed. Several punished people were TALENTED professionally and were brought with false allegations. | |
| 79. |
Which famous economist was appointed by Hitler for economic recovery of Germany ? |
| Answer» Solution :Economist Hjalmar Schacht was APPOINTED, who aimed at production and full employment through a STATE FUNDED WORK - CREATION programme. | |
| 80. |
Give a brief account of Hitler's entry into World War - II. |
| Answer» Solution :In September 1939, Germany invaded Poland with the result that it STARTED a war with Franceand England. In September 1940. Tripartite PACT with Italy, Japan and Germany was signed. By the end of 1940, Hitler had almost won all the wars. Hitler attacked the Soviet Union in June 1941. The Soviet Red Army gave a crushing defeat to the German soldiers. In the meantime, the US also entered the war when the Japanese bombed the the US base at PEARL Harbor. The war ENDED in May 1945, with Hitler.s defeat and US dropping of atom bomb on Hiroshima in Japan. | |
| 81. |
Liberals wanted a nation that would tolerate all religions. |
|
Answer» |
|
| 82. |
When did Nepoleon Bonaparte became Emperor defeated ? |
| Answer» SOLUTION :In 1804, NAPOLEON BONAPARTE crowned himself as an EMPEROR of FRANCE. | |
| 84. |
Hitler was ____________ to make Germany into a ____________ power. |
|
Answer» |
|
| 86. |
Name the leader who rebelled against the British. |
| Answer» SOLUTION :Gunda DHUR from VILLAGE Nethanar. | |
| 87. |
Latex can be collected from which of the following trees? |
|
Answer» RUBBER TREE |
|
| 89. |
What type of freedoms were granted to the citizens of France after French Revolution? |
|
Answer» SOLUTION : • One important law that came into effect soon after the storming of the Bastille in the summer of 1789 was the abolition of censorship. • In the old regime, all written material and cultural activities—books, newspapers, plays—could be published or performed only after they had been APPROVED by the censors of the king. • Now the declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen proclaimed freedom of speech and expression to be a natural right. • Newspapers, pamphlets, books and printed pictures flooded the towns of France from where they travelled rapidly into the countryside. They all described and discussed the events and changes taking place in France. Il • Freedom of the press also meant that opposing views of events could be expressed. Each side SOUGHT to convince the others of its position through the medium of print. • This was one way they would grasp and identify with IDEAS such as liberty or justice. Political philosophers wrote these texts in LENGTH, which only a handful of educated people could read. |
|
| 90. |
Helmuth was ___________ when he heard his father had shot himself. |
|
Answer» |
|
| 91. |
What are the peculiar features of Nazi thinking ? |
|
Answer» SOLUTION :The peculiar features of Nazi.s THINKING were as follows : • The one aspect of Nazi.s ideology related to the GEOGRAPHICAL concept of Lebensraum, or living space. • It believed the new territoties had to be acquired for SETTLEMENT. • This would enhance the area of the mother country, while enabling the settlers or new lands to retain an intimate link with the place of their ORIGIN. It would also enhance the material resources and power of the German nation. |
|
| 92. |
Assertion (A): In the countryside rumours spread from village to village that the lords of the manor had hired bands of brigands who were on their way to destroy the ripe crops. Reason (R): A large number of nobles fled from their homes, many of them were migrating in neighbouring countries. |
|
Answer» Both A and R are TRUE and R is the CORRECT EXPLANATION of A. |
|
| 93. |
18th century French society was divided into |
|
Answer» CASTES |
|
| 94. |
Whom did Louis XVI get married to? |
| Answer» SOLUTION :PRINCESS MARIE ANTOINETTE of AUSTRIA. | |
| 95. |
when did US enter the World War II ? |
| Answer» Solution :When Japan extended its support to HITLER and bombed the US base at Harbor, the US entered into WORLD War II. | |
| 97. |
What were the main causes of the Russian Revolution? |
|
Answer» Solution :MAIN causes of Russian Revolution were: i. Autocratic rule of Tsars: In 1914, the Russian emperor was Tsar Nicholas II. He fought a number of wars to expand his empire in the north and west in Europe. He had borne the expenditure of war by taxing the COMMON people of Russia. ii. Consditions of peasants: Majority of the Russians were agriculturalists. Major part of the land was owned by nobles and CLERGY and these peasants worked as farmers on daily wages. They were paid les and worked more and sometimes under debt, were not even paid wages. iii. Status of industries, Industry was found in pockets. Prominent industrial areas were St. Petersbug and Moscow. Craftmen undertok much of the production, but large factories existed alongside crafts workshops. Foreign investment in industries increased with the extension of Russia.a railway network. iv. Conditions of workers in the industiries: Most industries wre owned by private industralists. THOUGH the government supervised factories working hours and wages of the workers, but still rules were brokeen. Women workers were also paid less than men. Some workers formed associations to help memebrs in times of unemployement and financial hardships. v. Formation of socialist PARTIES: All political parties were illegal in Russia before 1914. The Russian Social Democratic Workers Party was founded in 1898 by socialists, who respected Marxist ideas. But because of government policies, ithad to operate secretly as an illegal organisation. It set up a newspaper, mobilised workers and organised strikes. |
|
| 98. |
Society where all property was socially controlled would be ____________society. |
|
Answer» |
|
| 99. |
What circumstances led to the foundation of 'scientific forestry' by the German expert DietrichBrandis? |
|
Answer» Solution :Brandis felt that a proper system had to be adopted to manage FORESTS and that people hadto be trained in the science of conservation. He needed LEGAL sanction and rules on the USE of forests. He felt that the felling of trees and grazing had to be restricted so that forests could bepreserved for timber production. He set up the Indian Forest Service in 1864 and helped to FORMULATE the Indian Forest Actof 1865. The Imperial Forest RESEARCH Institute was set up at Dehradun in 1906. The system they taught here was called .scientific forestry.. |
|
| 100. |
What were the effects of the economic crisis on Germany ? |
|
Answer» Solution :(i) The Germany.s economy was worst hit by economic crisis. (ii) Industrial production was reduced to 40 per cent. (iii) Workers LOST their jobs and the number of unemployed reached six MILLION. (iv) On the streets of Germany, men could be found with placards saying. ..Willing to do any work... (v) As jobs disappeared, the youth took to criminal activities. (VI) The economic crisis created deep anxieties and fears in PEOPLE. (vii) The middle classes, especially salaried employees and pensioners, saw their saving diminish when the currency lost its value. (viii) Small businessmen the self - employed and retailers suffered as their businesses got ruined. (ix) These sections of society were filled with the fear of .Proletarianianisation.., an anxiety of being reduced to the ranks of the working class, or worse STILL the unemployed. (x) Only organised workers could manage to keep their heads above water, but unemployment weaken their bargaining power. (xi) Big business was crisis. (xii) The large mass of peasantry was affected by a sharp fall in agricultural prices and women, unable to fill their children.s stomach were filled with a sense of deep despair. |
|