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InterviewSolution
This section includes InterviewSolutions, each offering curated multiple-choice questions to sharpen your knowledge and support exam preparation. Choose a topic below to get started.
| 151. |
How did peasants protest against the feudal lords or nobles of France? |
| Answer» Solution :There were RUMOURS that the landlords of the manor had hired some people to destroy the ripened crops. Being afraid of the situation, peasants in several districts seized hoes and pitchforks and attacked CHATEAUX (castles belonging to the noblemen). They looted hoarded grain and burnt down documents containing records of manorial dues. As a result, a LARGE number of nobles fled from their HOMES and migrated to the NEIGHBOURING countries. | |
| 152. |
What do you know about Hitler's personality ? |
| Answer» Solution :Hitler was a powerful speaker. His passion and his words moved and inspired people. In 1923, Hitler marched to with his followers to CAPTURE POWER. He failed and was arrested for TREASON and later relesed. But during the Great Depression, Nazism became a mass movement. During the economic depression, the Nazi propaganda stirred hopes of a BETTER future. By 1932, the Nazi Party had become the largest party and Hitler became the chancellor of GERMANY. | |
| 153. |
How worldwide economic crisis can affect the society also Analyse this in Germany. |
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Answer» Solution :(i) The Germany.s economy was worst hit by economic crisis. (ii) Industrial production was reduced to 40 per cent. (iii) Workers lost their jobs and the number of unemployed reached six million. (iv) On the streets of Germany, men could be FOUND with placards saying. ..Willing to do any work... (v) As jobs disappeared, the youth took to criminal activities. (vi) The economic crisis created deep anxieties and fears in people. (vii) The middle classes, especially salaried EMPLOYEES and pensioners, saw their saving diminish when the currency lost its value. (viii) Small businessmen the self - employed and retailers suffered as their businesses got ruined. (ix) These sections of society were filled with the fear of .Proletarianianisation.., an anxiety of being reduced to the ranks of the working class, or worse still the unemployed. (x) Only organised workers could manage to keep their heads above water, but UNEMPLOYMENT weaken their bargaining power. (xi) Big business was crisis. (XII) The large mass of peasantry was affected by a sharp fall in agricultural prices and women, unable to fill their children.s STOMACH were filled with a sense of deep despair. |
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| 155. |
What was 'Enabling Act' ? |
| Answer» Solution :This ACT established DICTATORSHIP in Germany. It gave Hitler all the powers to SIDELINE Parliament and rule by decree. All political PARTIES and trade unions were banned except for the Nazi Party and its affiliates. | |
| 157. |
Which laws were made to improve the status of women in the French society? |
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Answer» Solution :In the beginning, the revolutionary GOVERNMENT introduced laws to improve the lives of women. (i) Schooling was MADE compulsory for all girls. (ii) Their fathers COULD no longer force them into marriage against their will. (iii) Divorce was made legal and could be applied for, by both men and women. (iv) Women could now be trained for JOBS, could become artists or run small businesses. |
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| 158. |
Write a few lines to show what you know about : Stalin's Collectivisation programme |
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Answer» Solution :(i) The town is Soviet RUSSIA wer facing an acute problem of grain supplies by 1927-28. The investigation of the problem was done by Stalin at that time, as he was the leader. (ii) He introducted some emergecy measures regarding it. Stalin.s collectivisation measure programme in 1929 was ONE of these measures. All the farmers were forced to cultivate in collective farms (Kolkhoz) under this programme. (iii) The profit or the PRODUCE from a collective farm was shared among the farmers who worlked on the land. However, the farmers who refused t work collectively were severely PUNISHED. iv. Stalin.s government did allow some of the CULTIVATORS to work independently but they were treated unsympathetically. v. Stalin.s collectivisation programme had adverse consequences, the production did not increase immediately in the collective harvesting. It led to one of the worst famines in the Soviet History is 1930-33. |
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| 159. |
When was the Bastille Prison stormed? |
| Answer» SOLUTION :Bastille Prison was STORMED by revolutionaries on the morning of 14TH July, 1789. | |
| 160. |
How would you explain the rise of Napoleon? |
| Answer» Solution :After the fall of the JACOBIN government, the wealthier class came in POWER. A new constitution was introduced. According to the new constitution, those members of society who did not own property were not given right to vote. It provided for two elected LEGISLATIVE councils. These elected legislative councils, appointed a Directory which consisted of five members. This was done to safeguard against the possibility of any one man dominating the power. Members of the directory often FOUGHT among themselves leading to political instability and CHAOS. This political instability of the directory paved the way for the rise of a military dictator, Napoleon Bonaparte. | |
| 161. |
What was 'Article 48' of Weimar Republic ? |
| Answer» Solution :It gave the President the POWERS to emergency, suspend civil RIGHTS and RULE decree. | |
| 162. |
How did the British suppress the revolt of Bastar? |
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Answer» Solution :The British sent TROOPS to suppress the rebellion. The ADIVASI LEADERS tried to negotiate but the British surrounded their camps and fired onthem. Then they marched through the villages flogging and punishing those who had taken part in the rebellion. Most villages were deserted as people fled into the jungle out of fear. The British could regain control over the people of Bastar in three MONTHS. |
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| 163. |
Which incident persuade the USA to join the war ? |
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Answer» HITLER's ATTACK on Eastern Europe. |
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| 164. |
Vast majority of Russia's population were _______________. |
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Answer» |
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| 165. |
Sociaslist International body |
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Answer» SOCIALIST DEMOCRATIC party |
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| 166. |
In 1932, Hitler planned to seize control of Bavaria, march to Berlin and capture power. |
| Answer» Solution :In 1923, HITLER PLANNED to SEIZE control of BAVARIA, march to Berlin and capture POWER. | |
| 167. |
Capitalist believed in |
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Answer» CONTROL of PROPERTY by society |
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| 168. |
Study the picture and answer the questions that follows: |
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Answer» Louirs XVI |
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| 169. |
What were the views of liberals about the transformation of society in the 18th century? |
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Answer» Solution :Views of liberals over society in 18th CENTURY: i. Liberals wanted a nation which tolerated all religions. ii.They also OPPOSED the uncontrolled power of dynastic rulers. iii. They wanted to safeguard the rights of individuals against GOVERNMENTS. iv They argued for a representative, elected parliametary government, subject to laws interpreted by a well trained judiciary that was INDIPENDENT of rulers and offcials. v. However, they did not believe in universal adult franchise. They felt men who own property mainly should have the right to vote. They also did not WANT women to vote. 
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| 170. |
What was Petrograd Soviet? |
| Answer» Solution :When SOVIET MET in the same BUILDING where DUMA met, it was named as PETROGRAD Soviet. | |
| 171. |
What do you know about Samin's challenge? |
| Answer» Solution : (i) Surontiko Samin of a teak forest village began questioning state ownership of forests.(ii) He argued that the state had not created the wind, WATER, earth and WOOD, so it could notown it. (iii) Soon, he organised a widespread movement with the support of his sons-in-law and otherfamilies in his village. (iv) Some Saminists protested by lying down on their LAND when the Dutch came to survey it, while others REFUSED to pay TAXES or fines or perform labour. | |
| 172. |
What were the main causes of the French Revolution? |
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Answer» Solution :Causes of the French Revolution: (i) Despotic rule of LOUIS XVI: He became the ruler of France in 1774. He had drained the financial resources of France in wars. For the cost of his regular extravagant expenses, he increased taxes which were paid by the third estate. (ii) Division of French society: The French society was divided into three estates, first, second and third estates, respectively. Among them, First and Second Estates had 10 per cent of the total population, consisted of the clergy and nobles. They enjoyed all privileges. Rest of the 90 per cent was of the third estate, which paid all kinds of DIRECT or indirect taxes. This kind of discrimination led to the revolution by the third estate. (iii) Rising prices: The population of France had increased. This resulted into more demand of food grains. So the price of bread rose rapidly, which the poor could not afford to BUY. So the gap between the rich and poor widened. (iv) Inspiration of the philosophers: Philosophers like John Locke, Jean Jacques Rousseau and Montesquieu propagated the ideas of having a society where people would enjoy freedom, equal laws and equal opportunities. Their ideas inspired the people of France to realise their dreams. (v) Role of middle class: The 18th century WITNESSED the emergence of social groups termed as middle class, who EARNED their wealth through an expanding trade of the manufactured goods, being exported. There were other professionals also like lawyers, administrative officials who were all educated. They believed that no group in society should be privileged by birth. |
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| 173. |
The third estate enjoyed |
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Answer» PRIVILEGES by birth |
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| 174. |
Which incident had led to the outbreak of the revolution in France? |
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Answer» Solution :The incidents leading to the outbreak of the revolution were: (i) Meeting of the Estates GENERAL: On 5 May 1789, Louis XVI called for a meeting to propose new taxes. Representatives of all the three estates reached there, but members of the third estate had to stand at the back, as they were not offered any seat. PEASANTS, artisans and women were denied entry to the assembly. (ii) Demand for Universal Adult Franchise: Members of the third estate demanded the power for each member to vote. When the King rejected the demand, members of the third estate walked out of the assembly to protest. (iii) Meeting of the newly formed National Assembly: Since the percentage of the third estate was more, they considered themselves as spokesmen for the whole French nation. They assembled in an indoor tennis court of Versailles and declared themselves as the .National Assembly.. They believed in removing the FEUDAL privileges of the nobles and clergy. (iv) Revolt by peasants: The countryside rumours spread from village to village that their ripe crops would be destroyed by hired bands of lords of manors. Peasants in several districts seized hoes and attacked the residences of their manors. They LOOTED, hoarded grain and burnt down documents containing records of manorial dues. (v) Fall of Bastille prison: During this political turmoil, the French had experienced severe winters leading to bad harvest. It increased the price of bread, which was hoarded in the market. Angry women attacked the shops. At the same time, the King ordered troops to move into Paris. On 14 July 1789, the agitated crowd stormed and destroyed the Bastille prison. |
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| 175. |
What do you mean by shifting Swidden Agriculture? |
| Answer» Solution :(i) It is a traditional agricultural practice in MANY parts of Asia, Africa and South America.(ii) A PIECE of land is CLEARED and cultivation is practiced. When it LOST fertility, they used to shiftto the other forest covered AREA. | |
| 176. |
By January 1920, the Bolsheviks controlled most of the former Russian empire. |
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Answer» |
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| 177. |
When and why did the forests around the railway tracks start disappearing very fast? Explain. |
| Answer» Solution :(i) The spread of railways from 1850S created a new DEMAND for timber.(ii) Railway was needed for the spread of trade in India. (iii) To run locomotives, wood was needed as fuel and to lay railway lines, SLEEPERS were requiredto hold the TRACKS together. (iv) As the railway tracks spread, a large number of trees were felled. (v) The Government GAVE contracts to individuals to supply timber.(vi) These contractors began cutting trees indiscriminately. | |
| 178. |
Assertion (A) : In shifting cultivation, the whole forest was cut and burnt in rotation.Reason (R) : Seeds are sown in the ashes after the first monsoon rains, and the crop isharvested by October-November. |
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Answer» Both A and R are TRUE and R is the CORRECT EXPLANATION of A. |
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| 179. |
Name two famous socialists who introduced a communist system. |
| Answer» SOLUTION :KARK MARX and FRIEDRICH ENGELS. | |
| 180. |
What happened to Hitler at the end of Second World War ? |
| Answer» Solution :Hitler, his propaganda MINISTER Geobbels and his entire family committed suicide COLLECTIVELY in his Berlin BUNKER on 30 AREIL, 1945. | |
| 181. |
How did common people react to Nazism ? |
| Answer» Solution :Many people WOULD see the through Nazi.s eyes and hated the Jews. They MARKED the HOUSE of the Jews and reported suspicious neihbours. However many GERMANS were not Nazis. They prefessed to look away and did not react against the Jews. | |
| 182. |
Descrbie the visions of Robert Owen and Louis Blanc. |
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Answer» Solution :(i) Robert Owen: He wanted to form a cooperative communilty called New Harmony, in Indiana (US). He felt that the government should also support cooperatives and encourage them. He was a French POLITICIAN, historian and a socialist, who favoured REFORMS. (ii) LOUIS Blanc: He wanted the government toencourage cooperatives and REPLACE capitalist enterprises. He suggested cooperatives in order to gurantee employment for the urban poor. He believed that cooperatives should be FORMED with the cooperation of the people and its profit should be divided according to the work done by the members. |
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| 183. |
The British needed forests in order to build ships and railways. |
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| 184. |
Which social groups emerged as “middle class' in 18th century France? |
| Answer» SOLUTION :The SOCIAL groups who earned their wealth through an expanding overseas TRADE and from the manufacturing of goods such as woollen and silk textiles that were either exported or bought by the richer members of SOCIETY. | |
| 185. |
What is Russian Revolution? |
| Answer» Solution :The FALL of MONARCHY in February 1917 and the EVENTS of OCTOBER are normally called the Rusia REVOLUTION. | |
| 186. |
Describe the problems faced by the Weimar Republic. |
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Answer» Solution :The problems faced by the Weimar Republic were : • TREATY of Versailles : After the defeat of Germany at the end of the First World War, a treaty was signed between the Weimar Republic and the ALLIED powers. It was considered as the treaty of humiliation as Germany lost all its major resource areas to the allied powers and had to pay a compensation of billion dollars. • Economic crisis : The German STATE was going through a financial crisis. They had to repay the loan they took to fight the First World War and to add the burden they had to compensate the loss of the allied powers. During this time the gold reserves were being depleted and value of mark fell, the Wall Street exchange crashed which followed the great economic depression. • Political Crisis : The Weimar Republic was criticized by the citizens for the defeat in the First World War and for the harsh conditions which prevailed during that time. The proportional representation and Article 48 (which gave the President the power to impose EMERGENCY and rule by decree) - such constitutional IRREGULARITIES made people choose dictatorship. |
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| 187. |
What were political clubs? |
| Answer» Solution :Political CLUBS were FORMED by people to discuss government policies and plan their own FORMS of ACTION. Women too formed such clubs. | |
| 188. |
When was the draft of the National Assembly's constitution completed and what was its main objective? |
| Answer» SOLUTION :The DRAFT of the CONSTITUTION was completed in 1791 and its main objective was to LIMIT the powers of the monarch. | |
| 189. |
How were forest laws enacted in Java? |
| Answer» Solution : (i) The Dutch enacted forest laws in Java to restrict VILLAGERS. ACCESS to FORESTS.(ii) Now wood cutting was done only for specific PURPOSES like making boats, constructing HOUSES under close supervision, etc. (iii) Villagers were punished for grazing cattle, transporting wood without a permit or travellingthrough forests with horse carts or cattle. | |
| 190. |
Why were forests considered unproductive by the British? |
| Answer» Solution :They considered them to be wild and wasteful. NEEDED to be brought under CULTIVATION so that the land could YIELD agricultural PRODUCTS, revenue and enhance the income of the state. | |
| 191. |
What was the Blandongdiensten system? |
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Answer» Solution : The Dutch first imposed rents on LAND being cultivated in the forest and then exempted somevillages from PAYING these rents, if they provided free labour and buffaloes for cutting andtransporting timber. This SYSTEM was known as Blandongdiensten system. Later, instead of rent exemption forest villagers were given small wages, but their right to CULTIVATE forest land was restricted. |
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| 192. |
An International Military Tribunal at Nuremberg was set up to prosecute Nazi war criminals. |
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| 193. |
How do we come to know about Homocaust today ? |
| Answer» Solution :Memory of HOMOCAUST is in memoirs, fiction , documentaries, poetry MEMORIALS and museums in many parts of the WORLS today. | |
| 194. |
What was 'Concentration Camp' ? |
| Answer» Solution :It was a camp where people were ISOLATED and detained without due PROCESS of LAW. Typically, it was surrounded by electrified barbed wire FENCES. | |
| 195. |
Who wrote the book 'Third Reich of Dreams' ? |
| Answer» SOLUTION :It was WRITTEN by CHARLOTTE Beradt. | |
| 196. |
Who was Karl Marxc? What was his theory of socialism? |
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Answer» Solution :Karl Marx was a communist, who introduced the CONCEPT of socialism., Karl Marx.s Theory: i. He felt that the industrial SOCIETY belogned to the capitalists. ii. Capitalists owned the capital invested, but the profit was PRODUCED by workers. III. He believed that the condition of workers WOULD never improve, as long as profit is taken by the capitalists. iv. Marx believedthat to free themselves from the capitalists exploitation, workers had to form a socialist society where all property was socialy controlled. This would be a communist society. |
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| 197. |
Describe the events that led to the revolt in Bastar against the British. |
| Answer» Solution :(i) People began to discuss their issues in their village councils or bazars, wherever the headmenof several villages assembled. (ii) Although there was no single leader but Gunda Dhur from village Nethanar became animportant FIGURE. (iii) In 1910, mango boughs, a lump of Earth, chillies and arrows began circulating betweenvillages. They were actually messages inviting villagers to rebel against the British. (iv) Every village contributed something to the rebellion EXPENSES.(v) Bazars were looted, the houses of officials and traders, schools and police stations wereburnt and robbed, and grain REDISTRIBUTED.(vi) Most of those who were attacked were associated with the British and their oppressive laws. | |
| 198. |
Liberals wanted a nation which tolerated all______________ |
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| 199. |
Name the direct tax levied on the third estate. |
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Answer» TAILLE |
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| 200. |
How did Hitler treat the Polish ? |
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Answer» Solution :(i) Poles were forced to leave their homes and properties for ETHNIC Germans brought in from occupied Europe. (ii) Poles were then herded like cattle in other PARTS of POLAND, called the destination for all undesirables of the empire. (iii) Members of Polish intelligentsia were murdered in large numbers. (iv) Polish children who looked like Aryans were forcibly snatched from their mother and examined by race experts and if they passed the race tests, they were raised in German FAMILIES, and if not they were deposited in orphanages. (v) With some of the largest ghettos and gas chambers, this part of Poland also served as the killing fields for the JEWS. |
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