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b) Methyl vinyl ether

1. Oxyacetylene flame is used for cutting and welding of metals. 

2. Acetylene and its derivatives are widely used in synthetic organic chemistry for synthesis of cis and trans-alkenes, methyl ketones, etc. 

3. Acetylene is used as illuminant in hawker’s lamp and in light houses. 

4. Acetylene is used for ripening of fruits and vegetables. 

5. Acetylene is used for manufacture of ethyl alcohol, acetaldehyde, acetic acid, vinyl plastics, synthetic rubbers such as Buna-N and synthetic fibres such as Orlan.

1. Lower members of the family are used as fuels and illuminants. 

2. Alkenes and substituted alkenes upon polymerization form a number of useful polymers such as polythene, PVC, Teflon, orlon, etc., 

3. Ethene is employed for preparation of ethyl alcohol and ethylene glycol (anti-freeze). 

4. Ethylene is used for artificial ripening of green fruits. 

5. Ethylene also used in oxygen-ethylene flame for cutting and welding of metals.

1. Methane in the form of natural gas (CNG) is used for running scooters, cars, buses, etc., LPG (Mixture of butane and isobutene) is used as a fuel in homes as well as in industry. 

2. Methane is used to make carbon black which is used in the manufacture of printing inks, paints and automobile tyres. 

3. Cataltic oxidation of alkanes gives alcohols, aldehydes an carboxylic acids. 

4. Higher alkanes in form of gasoline, kerosene oil, diesel, lubricating oils and paraffin wax are widely used. 

5. Methane is used for manufacture halogen containing compounds such as CH₂Cl₂, CHCl₃, CCl₄ etc. which are used as solvents both in laboratory and industry.

i. True 

ii. False The molecular formula of hexachlorobenzene is C₆Cl₆ 

iii. False Benzene forms the upper layer when mixed with water.

Hydrocarbons are composed of Carbon and hydrogen. The important fuels like Petrol, kerosene, coal gas, CNG, LPG etc. are all hydrocarbons or their mixture.

1. Pyrolysis is defined as the thermal decomposition of an organic compound into smaller fragments in the absence of air through the application of heat. Pyrolysis of alkanes is also named as cracking.

2. In the absence of air, whai alkane are vapours passed through red-hot metal it breaks into simpler hydrocarbons.

(a) CH₃ - CH₂ - CH₃ (Propane) \(\overset {773K}{\longrightarrow}\) CH₃ - CH = CH₂(propane) + CH₂ = CH₂ (Ethylene) + H₂ + CH₄(Methane)

(b) 2CH₃ - CH₃ (Ethane) \(\overset {773K}{\longrightarrow}\) CH₂ = CH₂ (Ethane) + 2CH₄ (Methane)

3. The product depends upon the nature of alkane, temperature, pressure and presence or absence of the catalyst.

(a) Both (A) and (R) are correct and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).

• Water molecules are polar and akanes are nonpolar. The insolubility of alkanes in water makes them a good water repellent for metals which protects the metal surface from corrosion. 
• Because of their lower density than water they tòrm two layers and occupies the top layer. The density difference between alkanes and water explains why oil spills in aqueous environment spread so quickly.

• The boiling point of continuous chain alkanes increases with increase in the length of carbon chain roughly about 30°C for every added carbon atom to the chain. 
• Alkanes are non-polar compounds and having weak Vander Wal’s force which depends upon molecular surface area and hence increases with increase in molecular size. 
• The boiling point decreases with increase in branching on the molecule i.e. as it becomes compact and the area of the contract decreases. Hence in alkanes with same number of carbon atoms, straight chain isomers have higher boiling point as compared to branched chain isomers.

Paraffin is the older name for the group family of alkane.

Paraffin means Little activity.

Free radical

The number of possible isomers of C₆H₁₂ is 5.

n – hexane passed over chromic oxide supported on alumina at 873 K will give Benzene.