Explore topic-wise InterviewSolutions in .

(a) HCl gas is more dense [V.D.=18.25, V.D. of ammonia = 8.5] and it is collected by the upward displacement of air.

(b) NH₃ + HCl → NH₄Cl

(i) Neutralization

NH₃ + HCl → NH₄Cl

(ii) Thermal dissociation

NH₄Cl →NH₃ + HCl

(iii) Ammonia

NH₄Cl + NaOH →NH₃ + NaCl + H₂O

(a) Ammonia

(b) Hydrogen chloride and chlorine gas.

(c) (i) Ammonium chloride

(ii) Ammonium nitrate

(iii) Ammonium carbonate

(d) Acidic gas: HCl

Basic gas: Ammonia

Neutral gas: NH₄Cl

(e) Silver chloride

(f) Nitrogen

(g) Magnesium nitride

(h) Lead oxide

(i) Ammonium chloride

The substance A is Ammonium chloride and 'B' is Ammonia.

Reaction:

2NH₄Cl + Ca(OH)₂ → CaCl₂ + 2H₂O + 2NH₃

(C) Vanadium pentoxide

(C) V₂O₅ (Vanadium Pentaoxide) is used in contact process.

(B) CH₃ – O – CH₃

Methoxy Methane

(B) Methoxy methane

(C) Redox reaction

The organic compound which undergoes substitution reaction is C₂H₆

(D) C₂H₆ D Ethane is a saturated hydrocarbon and have C – C and C – H sigma bond only.

The organic compound which undergoes substitution reaction is C₂H₂ .

The salt solution which does not react with ammonium hydroxide is Calcium nitrate.

(A) Calcium Nitrate

(i) Raoult’s, do not

(ii) Cannizzaro, absence

(iii) decreases, common ion effect

(iv) ohm^-1 , ohm^-1 , cm^-1

(v) two, zero

(2) 60 minutes

In a face-centred cubic lattice, atom (A) occupies the comer positions and atom (B) occupies the face centre positions. If one atom of (B) is missing from one of the face-centred points, the formula of the compound is A₂B₅.

(i) acetone, iodoform

(ii) decreases, increases

(iii) disaccharide, glucose

(iv) negative, greater

(v) basic, anionic hydrolysis

(a) Polyester – Synthetic polymers

(b) Bakelite, Thermoplastics polymer

In a plot of log k vs 1/T, the slope is \(\frac{-E_a}{2.303R}\)

A – Ethylamine (ethanamine)

B – CH₃CH₂OH (ethyl alcohol)

C – CH₃CHO (acetaldehyde)

D – CH₃COOH (acetic acid)

E – CH₃COOC₂H₅ (ethyl acetate)

(i) Peptisation: It is the process of conversion of fresh precipitate into colloidal particles by shaking it with dispersion medium in the presence of a small amount of suitable electrolyte.

e.g., a reddish-brown coloured colloidal solution is obtained from fresh precipitate of Fe(OH)₃ by shaking it with a small quantity of a dilute solution of FeCl₃.

(ii) Electrophoresis: It is the movement of colloidal particles under the influence of the electric field,

e.g., when a positive charged ferric hydroxide sol is subjected to an electric field, the colloidal particles migrate towards cathode.

(iii) Dialysis: It is the process of separation of the colloidal particles from those of crystalloids by diffusion of the mixture through a semipermeable membrane

e.g., blood is purified in the kidneys because walls of the kidneys are semipermeable.

The [OH^– ] concentration of a weak base is given by \(\sqrt\frac{k_b}{c}\)

When glucose is treated with bromine water, bromine water gets decolourised.

(2)  Acetone

The quantity of electricity required to deposit 1.15 g of sodium from molten NaCl (Na = 23, Cl = 35.5) is 0.05 F

(i) common ion effect, lesser

(ii) non-efficient, 68

(iii) decreases, buffer action

(iv) Cannizzaro, α-hydrogen

(v) paramagnetic, diamagnetic.

(i) chemical, electrical

(ii) atoms, ions

(iii) ethylamine, formic acid

(iv) increases, decreases

(v) more, less

(i) methanol, propanoic acid 

(ii) Raoult’s, ideal

(iii) copper, magnesium.

(i) A Galvanic cell converts chemical energy into electrical energy.

(ii) The percentage of unoccupied spaces in bcc and fee arrangements are 32 and 74 respectively.

(iii) Propan-2-ol on reaction with iodine and sodium hydroxide gives yellow precipitate and the reaction is called iodoform test.

(iv) The geometry of XeOF₄ molecule is square pyramidal and the hybridisation of xenon atom in the molecule is sp³d²

(1) a carbocation

(2) Hoppe’s process

(4) 373.0512 K

(a) The two methods that increase land productivity are as follows: 

1. Permanent improvements done on land by generating artificial means of irrigation i.e., wells, tubewells, canals, tanks etc. help to keep the water supply regular, have a positive effect. 

2. New inventions, modem and scientific methods of production like using high yielding varieties of seeds, manure, etc. have increased the production. 

(b) Price elasticity refers to the degree of responsiveness of change in quantity demanded due to the change in its price. In certain cases, the change in demand may be at higher rates, in some cases, it may be lower and sometimes there may not be change. 

(c) 

(d) 

The reasons for consumer exploitation are as follows: 

1. Limited Information: Producers provide incomplete and incorrect information about various products. 

2. Low Literacy: Illiteracy leads to exploitation. Lack of consumer awareness is the root cause for exploitation.

(e)

(a) Factors affecting market demand are as follows: 

1. Price of the Product: As price rises, the demand falls and vice-versa.

2. Consumer’s Taste and Preference: As tastes and preferences shift from one commodity to the other, demand for the first commodity reduces and that of the other commodity rises. 

(b) Factors determine the supply of labour are as follows: 

1. Population: The larger the population, the larger will be the number of persons who are available for work. Hence, the large will be the supply of labour. 

2. Wage Rate: The higher is the wage rate the larger becomes the supply of labour. This is because the rise in the wage rate makes work economically more attractive. 

(c) Demand-pull inflation occurs when the demand for goods and services exceeds the supply available at existing prices. i.e., when there is excess demand for goods and service. Demand increases rapidly because of increase in purchasing power/money in economy which exceeds the limited supply and will bid up the prices. This pull up the price level and will lead to emergence of inflation. 

(d) Progressive taxation is suitable for indian economy because of the following reasons: 

1. It is more suitable, as a larger part is taxed on higher incomes. In this, the rich should be taxed at a higher rate than the poor. 

2. It is more economical as the cost of collection does not rise when the rate of tax increases.

(e) The two contingent functions of money are as under:

(i) 15

(ii) 19

(iii) 8

(iv) 4

(v) 2

(i) Covalent bonding 

(ii) Ionic bonding

(i) He < Ne < Ar 

(ii) K < Na < Li

(iii) Br < Cl < F 

(iv) Li < Na < K

(1) Methanal 

(2) Propanol 

(3) But-2-ene

Molecular weight = 2 x Vapour density

= 2 x Empirical formula weight

(Given, Vapour density = empirical formula weight) 

Molecular Weight = Empirical formula weight x n

2 x Empirical formula weight = Empirical formula weight x n

n = 2

Molecular Formula = (Empirical Formula) x n

= (XY₂)₂

= X₂Y₄

E.F. = XY₂ 

E.F.W. = V.D. 

M.W. = 2 × V.D. 

M.W. = 2 × [E.F.W.] 

So molecular formula = (XY₂)₂ = X₂Y₄

(i) → 15 

(ii) → 19 

(iii) → 8 

(iv) → 4 

(v) → 2

 (i) OH^-

(ii) Ag⁺

A → Below 200°C(NaHSO₄) Above 200°C(Na₂SO₄) 

B → Upward displacement of air 

C → Magnesium nitride (Mg₃N₂) and water 

D → Calcium oxide 

E → Downward displacement of air

(i) Covalent bonding 

(ii) Ionic bonding

(i) OH^– 

(ii) Ag^–

(i) At anode : Dark reddish brown fumes of bromine evolve at the anode. 

At cathode: Greyish white metal lead is formed on the cathode. 

(ii) At anode: Anode decreases in size due to the formation of copper ions.

At cathode: Reddish brown copper is deposited

(i) Cation in P is Ca²⁺. 

(ii) Gas Q is hydrogen sulphide. 

(iii) Substance R is alkaline. 

(iv) Salt S is copper sulphate.