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The state with highest literacy rate as per 2011 census is Kerala.

1. True

2. False

3. False

4. True.

5. True.

Outer Himalaya range.

1. 6000

2. Mount Everest

3. Kanyakumari

4. Pal Ghat

5. saline

6. Narmada

7. Great

8. Mangalore

9. Mahanadi

(a) Tethys sea.

B) 1 – d, 2 – a, 3 – c

C) Eastern Chats

Correct option is D) Gudalur

C) Both 1 and 2

D) The Peninsular Plateau

D) Greater Himalayas and Pirpanjal

B) Anaimudi – 2637 mts

D) The western boundary of the Himalayas is the Brahmaputra valley

Correct option is D) Mishmi hills

Correct option is A) Greater Himalayas

Correct option is B) Aila

The following are the advantages of the Himalayas to India:

1. Useful Rivers. All the important rivers such as the Ganga, the Yamuna, the Satluj, the Brahamputra etc. rise in the Himalayas.
2. Useful Wood. On account of heavy rainfall, dense forests are found in the Himalayas. Teak, deodar and pine are some of the trees, the wood of which is of great use.
3. Minerals. Many types of minerals are found in the Himalayas.
4. Fruits and Tea. The slopes of the Himalayas are very favourable for the growth of various fruits and tea. Assam is known for good quality of tea.
5. Fodder and Medicinal Herbs. Many varieties of medicinal herbs and grasses for fodder grow over most of the parts of

1. The Indian Plateau is also known as the peninsular plateau as it is surrounded by the sea on three sides. 

2. Large amounts of metallic and non-metallic mineral resources are found here. 

3. Its topography is slightly tilted towards east. 

4. Its two divisions are central high lands (Malwa plateau) and the Deccan Plateau. 

5. The rivers here are not perennial.

6. The triangular landmass to the south of Narmada is called Deccan Plateau. 

7. The structure of Western Ghats is continuous with a few passes as the gateways to the coastal plains. 

8. The Eastern Ghats are not continuous. 

9. One of the remarkable features of the peninsular plateau is black soils formed due to volcanic activity.

1. Peninsular India is a part of old Gondwana land. The rivers rising out of it helped in the formation of Himalayas. After that it helped in the formation of Northern plains.

2. On both sides of the plateau, there are many dams. These dams provide water for irrigation to the plains and power for industries.

3. The forests of this area meet the needs of the other parts of the country.

1. Bhabar 

2. Terai 

3. Bhangar 

4. Khadar

The peninsular plateau is composed of igneous and metamorphic rocks

Northern Plain of India :

This great plain extends in between the Himalayas and the Peninsular plateau extending from Punjab Plains to Assam Valley. It is 2400 km. long and 240 to 320 km wide. Its average height is 150 metres. It covers an area of 7.5 lakh sq. km.

It is an alluvium filled trough. It has been formed by the deposition of sediments brought from the Himalayas by the Ganga, Sutlej and by the. rivers of the peninsular plateau. Therefore it is called an alluvial plain. It is a dead flat lowland. The maximum height is 283 metres near Ambala. It has fertile alluvial soils of Khadar and Bangar. It is agriculturally a very productive part of India.

Division of Northern Plain :

1. Bhabar and Terai. It is a long, narrow zone along the foothills. It is a pebble studded zone. Swampy areas occur in Terai.
2. Punjab Plain. This plain has a slope in the South-West direction. It has been formed by the deposition of sediments by Ravi, Beas and Sutlej rivers. Chos (Seasonal streams) cause soil erosion in the foothills of Shivalik.
3. Ganga Plain. This plain has been formed by the deposition of sediments brought by the Ganga and its tributaries. It can be divided into three regions :
   (1) upper Ganga plain,
   (2) middle Ganga plain and
   (3) the lower Ganga plain. It occupies an area of about 3.5 lakh sq. km. Sunderban Delta is formed in the lower Ganga plain. This fertile delta is the largest delta of the world.
4. Brahmaputra Plain. This plain is situated in the eastern part and is often known as Assam valley. The Brahmaputra river forms a large delta in Bangladesh. The river forms a narrow, deep gorge called ‘Dihang gorge’ which is 12,000 metres deep.

Correct option is B) Satpura ranges

Maldeep , Sri Lanka.

1. Punjab plain 

2. Ganga plain 

3. Brahmaputra plain.

India is divided into two parts:

1. States.
2. Union Territories.

The states are 28 in number and U.Ts. are 8 in number. The names of their capitals and area is given below:

1. Pakistan – Jammu and Kashmir, Punjab, Rajasthan, Gujarat. 

2. China – Jammu and Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh, Uttarkhand, Sikkim, Arunachal Pradesh. 

3. Myanmar – Arunachal Pradesh, Nagaland Manipur, Mizoram. 

4. Bangladesh – Meghalaya, Assam, West Bengal, Tripura.

China, Nepal and Bhutan.

Pakistan ,Nepal ,Bhutan, Myanmar (Burma) and Bangladesh and China.

Extent. This great plain extends in between the Himalayas and the Peninsular plateau. It is 3200 km long and 150 to 300 km wide. Its average height is 150 metres. It covers an area of 7.5 lakh sq. km.

Formation. It is an alluvium filled trough. It has been formed by the deposition of sediments brought from the Himalayas by the Ganga, Satluj and other rivers.

Main Characteristics :

• It is a dead flat lowland. Its maximum height above sea level is 263 metres.
• It has a gentle gradient.
• It has a huge depth of alluvium.
• A large number of rivers flow in this plain dividing it into Doabs.
• It has fertile alluvial soils namely Khadar and Bangar soils.

Division of Northern Plain :

1. Bhabar and Terai. It is a long, narrow zone along the foothills. It is a pebble-studded zone. Swampy areas occur in Terai.
2. Punjab Plain. This plain has a slope in the South-West direction. It has been formed by the deposition of sediments by Ravi, Beas and Sutlej rivers. Chos (seasonal streams) cause soil erosion in foothills of Shivaliks.
3. Ganga Plain. This plain has been formed by the deposition of sediments brought by the Ganga and its tributaries. It can be divided into three regions: upper Ganga plain, middle Ganga plain and the lower Ganga plain. It occupies an area of about 3.5 lakh sq. km. Sunder Ban Delta is formed in the lower Ganga plain.
4. Brahmaputra Plains. These plains are situated in the Eastern part and are often known as Assam valley. The Brahmaputra river forms a large delta in Bangladesh.

The Great Indian Desert plain of the west. This covers the western part of the Aravali mountains. This region has a sandy land, so it is also known as the Thar desert. This region gets very little rainfall, due to which the agriculture is not developed here. There are many saltwater lakes like the Sambhar, Didwana and Panchpadra, from which salt is extracted.

The formation of Northern Plain.
The northern plain lies in between the Himalayas and the peninsular India. It has been formed by the filling of the depression formed by Tethys sea. The Himalayan rivers after eroding the Himalayas deposited huge amount of silt and deposition in the ever shrinking Tethys sea. This depression has been filled gradually to form northern plain or the Indo-Gangetic plain. The Himalayan rivers have deposited silt to form Ganges delta in Bangladesh. Due to continuous deposition, the delta is still advancing towards sea.

On the northern side of India, the boundaries of the following five countries meet together: China, Russia, Tajakistan, Afghanistan and Pakistan. These five countries meet at the apex of the north Indian triangle.

A cost-efficient and most popular mode of transport in our country is Roadways.

The Palk Strait and Gulf of Mannar separates India from Sri Lanka.

Correct option is D) Tropic of Cancer

The younger alluvium deposit is called Khadar.

1. The Greater Himalayas or Himadri.

2. The Lesser Himalayas or Himachal. 

3. The Shivaliks or Outer Himalayas.

Khadar is a plain made up with new alluvial soil. This plain is made up of deposition of sediments of Himalayan rivers which spread over the region. This soil is quite fertile. Such plains with same soil are called Bet in Punjab. So, Bet is the local name of plains with Khadar soil.

India is divided into following physiographic divisions :

1. Himalayan Ranges
2. Northern Great Plain
3. Peninsular India
4. Coastal Plains
5. Indian Islands.

Himalayan Ranges. The Himalayas are spread over the northern boundary of India like an arc, from west to east. The length of these mountains is about 2500 kilometres and breadth is between 250 to 400 kilometres. Mount Everest (8,848 metres) is the highest peak of the Himalayas.

The Himalayas can be divided into three parts :

1. Northern Kashmir Himalayas. The north-western part of the Himalayas is known as the Kashmir Himalayas. Karakoram, Laddakh, Zaskar and Kailash are the main ranges of the Kashmir Himalayas.

2. Main Himalayas. Main Himalayas consist of the following :

• Greater Himalayas or Himadri. This range spreads from East to West. Mount Everest (8,488 metres), the highest peak of the world lies in the range. Jojila, Jailpa la and Lingshila are some of the important passes in this range.
• The Himachal Range or Lesser Himalayas. The average height of this range is 3500 to 4500 metres and its breadth is 60 to 80 kilometres. Hill stations like Shimla, Mussoorie and Nainital are situated on this range.
• Shiwaliks or Outer Himalayas. The average height of these hills is 900 to 1200 metres and breadth is only 10 to 50 kilometres.

3. Off-shoots of the Himalayas. The Himalayas turn to the south on the eastern and western flanks. They are respectively known as the Eastern and the Western Himalayas in the east and the west.
(a) Eastern Himalayas. The Himalayas consist of the famous hills of Patkoi, Naga and Manipur. They are very low hills and are fully covered with forests.
(b) Western Himalayas. In the West, Suleman and Kirthar ranges are dominant. They have many important passes like Khyber, Tochi and Bolan.

Correct option is B) iii and iv

Patkoi Bum, Garo, Khasi, Jaintia, Tripura. .

Due to the fertile lands which have developed agriculture and agro-based industries on large scale.

D) India lies between 68° 7′ W and 97° 25’E longitudes

Himalayas have arisen out of Tethys sea.

C) The average elevation of Himachal range is about 6,100 mts above MSL.

Correct option is C) Only I is correct

Few Chos flow in the rainy season. They become dry in the summer season. Such Nalas are known as seasonal Chos. There exist a number of seasonal Chos in Roopnagar of Ropar Shiwalik. Here they are called Rao and Ghare.

The mountains are hilly; So they are not very high.

Himalayas are a convex curve. Its central part is bent along Indo-Nepalese border and looks like a bow.

Correct option is (A) 8611 m

1. Lesser Himalaya is also known as Himachal or Central Himalaya. Its average height is 3500′ metres to 5000 metres and breadth of the mountains of this range is 60-80 km.

2. Ranges. This part of Himalaya has many ranges such as Pir Panjal and Naga Tibha in J&K, Dhauladhar and Kumaon in Himachal, Mahabharat in Nepal, Kumaon and Mussoorie in Uttrakhand and Thimpu in Bhutan.

3. This region of Himalaya has many beautiful places where people come and enjoy for sometime such as Shimla, Srinagar, Mussoore, Nainital, Darjeeling etc.