Explore topic-wise InterviewSolutions in .

D) I and II are correct

The following factors have created regional diversity in India:

1. Vast Size. India is a vast country. North-South extent is 3214 km. while East-West extent is 2933 km. It is impossible to have a uniform relief over a country. It is a land of contrasts.
2. Relief. India has a varied relief. It includes mountains, plateaus and plains. It includes narrow valleys as well as deserts.
3. Climate. India has a variable rainfall. Some parts get the highest rainfall in the world. Some areas are the desert areas of the world. The Northern part has an extreme climate while Peninsula gets hot climate and coastal areas have a marine climate.
4. Migration. Different racial groups entered India from different areas. Mongoloids, Aryans, Muslims, Dravidians settled in India.
5. Culture. Due to the settlement of different racial groups, the food, shelter, clothing, mode of living, folk songs, folk dance of festivals and fairs of people are different.

• Thailand was referred to as ‘Mueng Thai’ by the ancient people. However, it was known as ‘ Siam’ in the world. In the 20th century, its name was changed to ‘Thailand’. 
• Thailand was ruled from the 6th century to the 11th century by the ‘Mon’ people. Indian culture was spread at this time. 
• The Indian traditions of sculpture, literature, ethics, judicial science, etc. had a great role in shaping up the Mon culture. 
• Dvaravati although smaller and weaker contributed greatly to the development of writing, arts, administration, religion, science, etc. in others kingdoms. 
• The remains of sculptures and architecture of the period have been found in Lop Buri (Lao Puri) and Ayuttha (Ayodhya). 
• The sculptures include Buddha images a few Shivalingas and images of Vishnu.
• In the 14th century C.E, a new kingdom of Ayuttha was established in Thailand and the kings of Ayuttha bore names with the prefix ‘Ram’. 
• Thai Ramayana developed into an independent tradition. It is known as ‘Ramakien’ (Ram Akhyana). 
• The stories of ‘Ramakien’ have been preserved in all Thai art traditions including sculpture, folk music, dance, and theatre.

• ‘Myanmar’ is a neighbouring country of India. It was earlier known as ‘Brahmdesh’. In the 2nd century B.C.E. there were city-states known as ‘Pyu’ in the north and central regions of Myanmar. 
• Among the new ‘Pyu’ cities that came into existence at a later period were the cities of ‘Halin’ and ‘Shrikshetra’ were important. 
• Shrikshetra was the largest among the ‘Pyu’ cities. The founders of Shrikshetra belonged to the Shakya clan of Gautam Buddha. 
• The three Pyu cities of Halin, Beikthano, and Shrikshetra where archaeological excavations were conducted have brought into light many remains of buildings like stupas, cemeteries, and structures built for water management .
• The ‘Shwedagon’ pagoda built between the 6th-10th century C.E. at Yongan (Rangoon) is one of the finest examples of stupa architecture in Myanmar. 
• The ‘Shwedagon’ pagoda contains the hair of Gautama Buddha. This pagoda is covered with sheets of gold. 
• The ‘Anand Temple’ is another important monument built during the reign of Kyanzittha, the emperor of Pagan in the 11th century C.E. It is the finest example of the combined architectural style of India and Pagan.

• ‘Champa’ was an ancient kingdom in the coastal region of Vietnam.
• Champa was named after the ‘Cham’ tribe. 
• The names of the cities in Champa were ‘Indrapur’, ‘Amaravati’, ‘Vijay’, ‘Kauthara’, and ‘Panduranga’. 
• The city of Vijay was the capital of the Champa kingdom. 
• The inscriptions of Champa mention the names of its kings and queens and the temples of Hindu deities especially Shiva temples.

• (i) The world-famous temple of ‘Angkorwat’ was built in Yashodharpura, the capital city built by Suryavarman II. 
• (ii) The temple area is about 500 acres, which is about 2 sq. km. 
• (iii) The main entrance is at the west and the temple is surrounded by a moat, which is 200 meters in depth. 
• (iv) Among the sculptural panels on the southeast walls of the temple the panel of ‘Samudramanthan’ is notable. Later, it was turned into a Buddhist temple.

Correct Answer is Eskandar Shah

• The first kingdom, established in Cambodia was known by the name of ‘Chenla’. 
• The people who established Chenla were known as ‘Khmer’. 
• The influence of Indian culture in Cambodia dates back to the Chenla period. 
• The kingdom of Chenla was established by Jayavarman II. His capital’s name was ‘Hariharalaya’. 
• The kings of Chenla expanded their empire from Vietnam to Myanmar and to China in the north. 
• After King ‘Jayavarman VII’ the Khmer empire began to decline

Correct Answer is Lao Sang

Correct Answer is Champa

Correct Answer is Thera Mahinda

Correct option is (4) The centre of Angkorthom – Bayon Temple

Correct option is (a) Kambuja Desh

Correct option is (b) Anwrahta

• In the 13th century C.E., in Eastern Java arose a kingdom known as ‘Majapahita’. 
• The name of the founder King of Majapahita was, Vijaya’. 
• He established his supremacy in some of the islands like Java, Bali and also some other islands and extended the kingdom of Java into an empire.

Correct option is  (c) 1869.

Arunachal Pradesh.

The plains which are relatively higher than the beside of land and where the flooding has no effect is known as Bangar. This type of plain is formed with older deposits.

Correct option is  (ii) Gujarat.

Correct answer is  Brazil.

Correct answer is China.

Indira Point (Near Great Nicobar).

Correct option is D) 4

People belonging to different Religions and castes live in different parts of India. Great diversity is found in their languages, food, clothing and mode of living. Their folk songs, festivals, fairs and customs are different. There are 187 spoken languages. 23 languages are spoken in 97% of area. In Constitution of India, 22 languages have been recognised. In fact, diversity is found in every aspect of life.

Present Punjab came into existence on November 1st, 1966.

It reorganised boundaries of the states on linguistic basis.

Margs are the grasslands which are found mostly in the Smaller Himalayas.

Talli is a lowland found in deserted areas among the sand dunes or the heaps of sand.

(d) Khadar region

(b) Alluvial island

(c) Kumaon Himalayas

On the basis of physiography, India can be divided in five parts :

1. Himalaya Mountain,
2. Northern Plains,
3. Peninsular Plateau,
4. Coastal Plains,
5. Indian Islands.

Mountain ranges, large plains, deserts, huge coastal areas, plateaus and highlands, archipelagos, etc.

• The study of physical features of earth’s surface is called physiography.
• In India also, the earth’s surface is not same everywhere.
• There are different forms of land in our nation.
• On the basis of these variations in the landforms, India can be divided into the following five

physiographic divisions:

1. Northern Mountain Ranges
2. Plains of North India
3. Peninsular Plateaus of Central and South India
4. Coastal Plains
5. Archipelagos (Islands)

The study of physical features of earth’s surface is called physiography.

If there were no variations in the physiography of India, there would be no:

• Himalayas to block the cold winds blowing from the north. ,
• Plains of North India to yield rich agricultural production for us.
• Coastal plains to develop ports, fisheries and transportation industries.
• Hill stations, sea-shores, beaches, rivers, falls, lakes, etc. for recreation of tourists.
• Thus, physiographic variations are important for an overall development of the nation.

Area of India:

•  India extends from Kashmir in the north to Kanyakumari in the south.
• The north-south length of India is 3214 km.
• Also India extends from Arunachal Pradesh in the east to Dwarka in the west.
• The east-west length of India is 2933 km.
• Thus, the total land area of India is approximately 32,87,263 (3214 km × 2933 km) sq. km.
• This makes India the 7th largest country in the world in terms of land area.
• There are 28 states and 7 union territories in India.
• The shape of India is narrow in the north, broad in the middle and again narrow in the south.

Correct option is C) Arunachal Pradesh

D) Patkai – Uttar Pradesh

Correct option is C) 68°7′ and 97°25′

A. Location of India:

• India has a very strategic location.
• It lies in the Northern Hemisphere.
• It lies in the southern part of the continent of Asia.
• It lies between 8.4° N to 37.6° N latitudes and 68.7° E to 97.25° E longitudes.

B. Borders of India:

• The Himalayas are in the north of India.
• India shares its northern border with China and Tajikistan.
• In the north-east, India shares its border with Nepal.
• In the east of India, lie Bangladesh and the Bay of Bengal.
• While the north-western border of India is shared by Pakistan.
• The Arabian Sea is the west of India.
• In the south of India is the huge Indian Ocean and a small island country Sri Lanka.

West Bengal, Assam, Meghalaya and Mizoram.

A) The Peninsular Plateau

Correct option is C) Maharashtra

A) Andhra Pradesh

C) Coramandal coast – Tamilnadu

Correct option is B) Arabian Sea

D) Arunachal Pradesh

C) The Palk Strait separates Pakistan from India.

Correct option is D) 3214 kms