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D) Lakshadweep Islands – Volcanic Origin

Indian islands are mainly divided in two parts- Andaman-Nicobar islands and Lakshdweep islands.

(iv) Nilgiri.

Correct option is  (iii) Khayal.

(d) Tamil Nadu and Andhra Pradesh

Correct option is (i) Saddle.

Correct option is  (ii) Kaveri.

• The Narmada and the Tapi are the west flowing rivers of the Peninsular India.
• These rivers drain into the Arabian Sea.
• These rivers form estuaries on the west coast.
• These rivers are devoid of an large tributary system.
• Narmada river is the largest among the west flowing rivers of peninsular India. Its principal tributaries are Bushner, Halon, Heran, Banjar, Dudhi, Shakkar, Tawa, Bama and Kolar.
• Tapti river is one of only the three rivers in peninsular India that run from east to west. The others being the Narmada and the Mahi.
• The major tributaries are Vaki, Gomai, Arunavati, Aner, Nesu, Buray Panjhra and Bori. It outfall into the Arabian sea through the Gulf of Cambay.

1. Deccan plateau is the largest part of the peninsular plateau. 

2. It is roughly triangular in shape. 

3. It covers an area of 7 lakh sq km. 

4. The height ranges from 500 to 1000m above sea level. 

5. It extends from Rajmahal hills on the East to Kanyakumari in the South. Satpura range in the West to Kanyakumari in the South. Bordered by Western Ghats on the West and Eastern ghats on the East.

This region is a part of the ancient Gondwana region. So, Chotanagpur plateau is rich in mineral resources like iron ore and coal.

Peninsular Plateau.

(a) From Daman to Goa.

Punjab, Rajasthan, Gujarat and West Bengal are four states along the borders of other countries.

Correct option is A) Bhabar

Correct option is A) Cachar

1. The number of states of India is 28.
2. Rajasthan in the area and Uttar Pradesh in population rank first.

The Indian Ocean and the Arabian Sea are oceans along with India. The length of its coastal line is 6,083 km.

The smallest Union Territory is Lakshadweep.

Migration is the movement of people across regions and territories. It can be internal (within a country) or international (between the countries). Migration depends on 

Push factor: Unemployment and underemployment in rural areas.

Pull factor: higher wages, employment opportunity, industrial development.

During the third phase (1951-1981) the population of India grew from 361 million in 1951 to 683 million in 1981. Growth rate in this period is almost doubled. So this period (1951-1981) is often referred as the period of “population explosion”.

The term ‘Population Distribution’ refers to the way the people are spaced over the earth’s surface. The distribution of population in India is quite uneven because of the vast variation ki the availability of resources. The population is mostly concentrated in the regions of industrial centres and the good agricultural lands. On the other hand, the areas such as high mountains and lands thickly forested areas and some remote comers are very thinly populated and some areas are even uninhabited.

Terrain, climate, soil, water bodies, mineral resources, industries, transport and urbanization are the major factors which affect the distribution of population in our country. Population density is a better measure of understanding the variation in distribution of population. It is expressed as number of person per unit area usually per sq.km. According to 2011, the average density of population of India is 382 person per sq.km. India is one of the most thickly populated ten countries of the world. The most densely populated state of India is Bihar and the state with lest population density is Arunachal Pradesh. Among union territories, Delhi is the densely populated one with 11,297 per sq.km, while Andaman and Nicobar Islands have the lowest density of population.

The uneven distribution of population in the country is the result of several factors such as physical, socioeconomic and historical factors.

Physical factors: Relief, climate, water, natural vegetation, minerals and energy resources.

Socio-economic factors: Religion, culture, political issues, economy, human settlements, transport network, industrialization, urbanization, employment opportunity etc.

• Topography, favourable climate, fertility of soils, availability of fresh water, minerals are major geographical factors affecting population density of a region.
• People prefer to live on plains more than mountains or plateaus and they live more in moderate climates than extreme hot or cold. From the agriculture point of view, fertile lands are preferred.
• Areas with mineral deposits are more populated.
• Some social factors that boost the density of population in a region are better housing, education and health facilities.
• Places with cultural or historical significances are usually populated.
• Employment opportunities is another attraction for large chunks of the population.

The transport useful in the inaccessible areas is Airways.

(b) Port Trust of India

(a) national highways

The process of society’s transformation from rural to urban is known as urbanization. The level of urbanization of a place is assessed based on the size of population of the towns and cities and the proportion of population engaged in non agricultural sectors. These two are closely linked to the process of industrialization and expansion of the secondary and tertiary sectors of economy. 

Impacts of urbanization:

• Urbanization and population concentration go hand – in – hand and are closely related to each other. A rapid rate of urbanization in a society is taken as an indicator of its economic development.
• Urbanization is increasing rapidly in the developing countries including India.
• Rural to urban migration leads to population explosion in urban areas. Metropolitan cities like Mumbai, Kolkatta and Delhi have more population than that can accommodate. The following are the major problem of urbanization in India.
• It creates urban sprawl. 
• It makes overcrowding in urban centres. 
• It leads to shortage of houses in urban areas. 
• It leads to the formation of slums.
• It increases traffic congestion in cities. 
• It creates water scarcity in cities.
• It creates drainage problems.
• It poses the problem of solid waste management. 
• It increases the rate of crime.

The National Remote sensing Centre (NRSC) is located at Hyderabad.

The length of navigable Inland waterways in India is 14,500 km.

Internal trade: 

1. Trade is carried on within the domestic territory. 

2. Land transport plays a major role (Roadways and Railways). 

3. Local currency is used. 

4. Helps to promote a balanced regional growth.

International trade: 

1. Trade is carried on between two or more countries. 

2. Waterways and Airways play a vital role. 

3. Foreign currency is involved. 

4. Helps to promote country’s economy and raise the standard of living

The major inland waters ways of India are :

1. National Waterway I: It extends between Haldia and Allahabad, measures 1620 km and includes the stretches of the Ganga – Bhagirathi – Hooghly river system. 

2. National Waterway 2: This waterway includes the stretch of the Brahmaputra river between Dhubri and Sadiya a distance of 891 km. 

3. National Waterway 3: This waterway extends between Kollam and Kottappuram in the state of Kerala. It is the first national waterway in the country with 24 hour navigation facilities along its entire stretch of 205 km.

Exports:

1. Goods and services sold for foreign currency. 

2. Major exports of India are tea, ores and minerals, marine products, textiles etc. 

3. Value of exports are more than the value of imports favourable balance of trade. 

4. India exports goods to nearly 190 countries of the world.

Imports:

1. Goods and services bought from overseas producers. 

2. Major imports are petroleum products, gold, telecom instruments. 

3. Value of imports exceeds value of exports unfavourable balance of trade. 

4. Imports we get from nearly 140 countries.

Correct option is (c) Dhatu

(d) Moonstone – Chandrashila

(c) they found a delta region

1. Loas

2. Matram

1. Champa

2. Kambujadesha

1. Angkor Wat

2. Vijaya

1. Sri Lanka

2. Yongan

East and North-west side.

Himachal Pradesh.

Correct answer is Dhar Kalan.

Shiwalik. hills are the part of outer Himalaya. These mountains are spread for 280 km. along with the boundary of Himachal Pradesh in the eastern Punjab.

Shiwalik hills are divided into three parts:

1. Gurdaspur-Pathankot Shiwalik. These hills are spread upto Ravi and Beas rivers.
2. Hoshiarpur Shiwalik. These hills are spread upto Beas and Sutlej rivers.
3. Ropar Shiwalik. They are spread upto Sutlej and Pathar rivers.

Correct answer is 280 km.

600 metres to 1500 metres.

Talwara (741 metres).

1. Large scale movement 

2. National integration promotion 

3. Commercialisation of agriculture 

4. Movement of perishable goods 

5. Avoids traffic congestion how? 

6. Engineering marvel 

7. Quiz regarding railways