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Right option is (c) Flight technical error

Best explanation: Flight technical error is the LATERAL displacement error of the aircraft from the INTENDED TRACK given the course deviation error SIGNAL generated by the NAVIGATION system.

The correct ANSWER is (a) 54,000ft

Best explanation: Pressure altitudes are expressed as flight LEVELS on hundreds of feet using three DIGITS. HENCE, FL540 represents a pressure altitude of 54,000 ft.

The correct option is (a) VFR

The best EXPLANATION: VFR flights usually involve SMALL aircraft operated for personal or business PURPOSES. Navigation may be by visual reference to the ground and aircraft attitude control may be based solely on the natural horizon visible through the windscreen of the aircraft.

Correct choice is (a) VFR operator

To explain I would say: Visual Flight Rules operator are responsible for avoiding collisions with obstacles, terrain and other AIRCRAFT by visually observing these hazards and MAINTAINING visual SEPARATIONS. VFR operators are not required to contact ATM AUTHORITIES and are not SUBJECT to their directions.

The correct option is (a) True

To explain I would say: A principle SERVICE of ATM is search and rescue, that is, notification of the appropriate organizations regarding aircraft in need of search and rescue ASSISTANCE and SUPPORT of these organizations during the ensuing OPERATIONS.

Right answer is (a) ATM

The EXPLANATION is: The PRIMARY service provided by ATM is separation assurance for the prevention of collisions between AIRCRAFT and to prevent aircraft collisions with terrain and obstructions.

The correct OPTION is (a) Air traffic control and traffic FLOW MANAGEMENT

Explanation: The purpose of air traffic management is safe, efficient, and EXPEDITIOUS movement of the aircraft in the airspace. Its two major principles are air traffic control and traffic flow management.

Correct CHOICE is (b) Aircraft beacon

The BEST explanation: The SPN-42 was retrofitted with a SMALL X-band parabola when aircraft beacons were ADDED to eliminate errors caused by wandering of the echo skin.

Correct answer is (d) Only handle one aircraft at a time

To explain I WOULD say: The TWO IDENTICAL conically scanned radar antennas can track two aircraft simultaneously and, if desired, can uplink guidance SIGNALS to AUTOPILOTS.

The correct choice is (a) Ka band

To EXPLAIN: Two electronic instrument landing systems are found o all large U.S. carriers. Th ACLS INVOLVES two identical conically scanned Ka band radars set AFT of the island about 125 and 135ft above the water line.

Correct choice is (b) FLOLS

Easy explanation: FLOLS or the Fresnel lens OPTICAL landing system consists of an array of 5 Fresnel lens showing the pilot a YELLOW spot that moves relatively to a LIGHTED green horizontal reference bar.

The correct OPTION is (a) Two AIRCRAFT use simultaneously

To explain I would say: LENS pointing angles can be adjusted to a QUADRATIC function of heave and can be compensated. This compensation is not implemented because the “meatball” is often shared by two aircraft on FINAL approach simultaneously.

Right answer is (a) True

Explanation: The ACLS is CAPABLE of landing an AIRCRAFT “hands-off,” giving the U.S. NAVY an OPERATIONAL capability in zero visibility conditions. It can land an airplane more ACCURATELY than an average pilot.

Correct choice is (a) Bolter

To ELABORATE: An AIRCRAFT executing a MISSED approach from LOW altitude is called a bolter. Bolters fly to a Tacan- defined holding POINT that moves with the aircraft carrier.

The correct answer is (c) Heaving motion of ship

To EXPLAIN: Wake PERTURBATIONS, DUE to the ship’s angular motions and heave, causing fluctuations with standard deviations of 2 ft/sec(horizontal) and 4 ft/sec (VERTICAL) about the steady STATE wake.

Right answer is (d) STEADY state WAKE

Explanation: Steady state wake caused by the relative WIND over the ship’s deck and AROUND the superstructure, Which causes a “burble” at the threshold and the glide path.

Right answer is (d) 4°

The best I can explain: The approach path, OFTEN called the glide SLOPE, is in the vertical plane containing the RUNWAY CENTER LINE and is inclined 3.5° relative to the sea at the touchdown point and 4° relative to the moving flight deck.

Right option is (b) False

For explanation I would SAY: The PILOT has the option of coupling the autopilot to the ACLS, flying the aircraft from “needles” CONTROLLED by ACLS data, or being talked down by a shipboard controller. A manual carrier landing with ACLS resembles a LAND BASED ground controlled approach.

The CORRECT answer is (a) Lower

To elaborate: Jet AIRCRAFT approach the CARRIER deck with at airspeeds up to 125 knots. Their speed relative to the deck is lower DUE to the “wind over the deck,” which is normally about 30 knots.

Correct answer is (b) False

Easiest EXPLANATION: The runway reference station can supply integrity warnings within the required RESPONSE TIME of 1 to 2 sec. These are located NEAR the runway.

The CORRECT answer is (b) False

For explanation I WOULD say: GPS receivers were capable of about ten SOLUTIONS per second, which is sufficient for coupled flight. The accuracy of the SPS code solution without augmentation is satisfactory for nonprecision approaches.

Correct choice is (c) Multi-path signal INTERFERENCE

The best explanation: LDGPS OPERATION leads to the nearly complete cancellation of errors due to satellite ephemerides, clock OFFSET, selective availability, and ionospheric propagation, leaving mainly those errors due to multipath signal interference and RECEIVER noise.

Right ANSWER is (a) High- integrity ground to air DATA link

Easy explanation: To support CATEGORY II and III landing operations, the additional requirement for accuracy and monitor-response times can be achieved with a differential GPD reference station and a high-integrity ground to air data link located near the runway.

The correct OPTION is (b) WAAS

To explain I would SAY: For non-PRECISION and Category I precision approaches, the limitations by the GPS is mitigated by the FAA’s WIDE Area Augmentation System. It may be supplemented with local differential GPS stations located near runways.

The correct option is (d) Number of users

Explanation: The primary REASON for not using basic GPS for landing systems is because does not provide the accuracy that is REQUIRED for landing, it LACKS a monitoring system and the AVAILABILITY of a sufficient number of SATELLITES to provide location information.

Correct option is (a) True

Explanation: An Electronically scanned ARRAY antenna is an array of radiating elements with a feed network incorporating VARIABLE propagation delays. These arrays cause the antenna PATTERN to rotate by “phase shifting” the RF signal.

Correct answer is (a) 20,000°/sec

Explanation: The very high scanning RATE of 20,000°/sec provides about 40 samples per SECOND of the angle data, a rate ten TIMES higher than that NEEDED to control the AIRCRAFT.

Right answer is (b) False

Explanation: Early MLS with mechanical SCANNED array used a varying audio tone to ENCODE the pointing angle on the scanning beam pattern. The FAA adopted the time interval between successive PASSAGES of the unmodulated beam as an efficient means of angle ENCODING.

The CORRECT choice is (d) 200

The best I can explain: The MLS station transmit both angle and DATA functions on ONE of 200 frequencies between 5031.0 and 5190.7 MHz. The relatively high number of channels allows the use of multiple MLS in metropolitan CITIES.

Correct answer is (c) Missed approach

Best explanation: An EXPANDED MLS SYSTEM uses back azimuth stations. It is generally used for DEPARTURE and for missed approaches. It provides lateral GUIDANCE to 40° on EITHER side of the center line.

Correct OPTION is (d) Radar

The explanation: A basic MLS consists of azimuth and elevation ground STATIONS and a conventional DME for 3D positioning on approach course to 40° on either SIDE of center line and to 15° elevation above the RUNWAY.

The correct ANSWER is (a) Narrow beam width ANTENNAS

Explanation: The main weakness of the ILS SYSTEM is eliminated by using narrow beam width antennas which are physically small since the frequency is high. As frequency increases ANTENNA size DECREASES.

Right option is (d) Environment sensitivity

Explanation: The main WEAKNESS of the ILS SYSTEM was its sensitivity towards the environmental FACTORS. Since the FREQUENCY used by the system is in MHz, it was more SUSCEPTIBLE to atmospheric and weather interference.

Right OPTION is (d) Fan shape

For explanation: Marker beacons provide pilot alerts along the approach path. Each beacon RADIATES a fan shaped vertical BEAM that is approximately ±40° wide along the GLIDE path by ±85° wide perpendicular to the path.

The CORRECT choice is (c) Image glide slope

Easy explanation: Image array glide slope systems depend on reflections from the ground in the direction of approaching AIRCRAFT to FORM the RADIATION pattern.

The correct option is (b) False

The explanation is: Clearance SIGNALS, when required, can be provided by a separate array antenna specifically for clearance signals. In some designs, both clearance signals and LOCALIZER signals are transmitted from DIFFERENT ELEMENTS of the same array. NEVERTHELESS, the same antenna cannot be used.

The correct answer is (a) Long periodic antenna

Easy explanation: Almost all of the localizer antenna is long periodic antenna. It PROVIDES unidirectional radiation, can be INSTALLED without GUY cables and has good broadband characteristics.

Correct answer is (a) LOCALIZER

For explanation I would SAY: The localizer establishes a radiation PATTERN in space the provides a deviation signal in the aircraft when the aircraft is displaced laterally from the vertical PLANE containing the runway center line.

The correct choice is (a) Localizer

For EXPLANATION I would say: An audible Morse code identification SIGNAL is transmitted on the localizer FREQUENCY. A voice channel from the control TOWER MAY also be provided.

The correct option is (B) GROUND reflection

The EXPLANATION is: Mulit path Signals are created when a part of the original signal TAKE a different path than LOS to reach the receiver. Thus a signal with same INFORMATION reaches the receiver at multiple times. Multi path signals are created when the actual signal gets reflected from the ground and reaches the receiver.

The correct option is (d) 75 MHz

The EXPLANATION: All the marker beacons, all AROUND the WORLD, operate on a SINGLE frequency of 75MHz.